Molecular and cellular mechanisms of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in clinical trials (original) (raw)
Thomas M. Leissing,ab Martine I. Abboud, 
a Cyrille C. Thinnes, a Onur Atasoylu, a James P. Holt-Martyn,a Dong Zhang,a Anthony Tumber,ac Kerstin Lippl,a Christopher T. Lohans, a Ivanhoe K. H. Leung, ‡a Helen Morcrette,§e Ian J. Clifton, a Timothy D. W. Claridge,a Akane Kawamura, ae Emily Flashman,a Xin Lu, b Peter J. Ratcliffe, df Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury, a Christopher W. Pugh d and Christopher J. Schofield *a
* Corresponding authors
a Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
E-mail: christopher.schofield@chem.ox.ac.uk
b Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
c Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
d Target Discovery Institute (TDI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, NDMRB Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
e Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
f The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
Abstract
Inhibition of the human 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (human PHD1–3) causes upregulation of HIF, thus promoting erythropoiesis and is therefore of therapeutic interest. We describe cellular, biophysical, and biochemical studies comparing four PHD inhibitors currently in clinical trials for anaemia treatment, that describe their mechanisms of action, potency against isolated enzymes and in cells, and selectivities versus representatives of other human 2OG oxygenase subfamilies. The ‘clinical’ PHD inhibitors are potent inhibitors of PHD catalyzed hydroxylation of the HIF-α oxygen dependent degradation domains (ODDs), and selective against most, but not all, representatives of other human 2OG dependent dioxygenase subfamilies. Crystallographic and NMR studies provide insights into the different active site binding modes of the inhibitors. Cell-based results reveal the inhibitors have similar effects on the upregulation of HIF target genes, but differ in the kinetics of their effects and in extent of inhibition of hydroxylation of the N- and C-terminal ODDs; the latter differences correlate with the biophysical observations.
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7SC02103H
Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
10 May 2017
Accepted
07 Sep 2017
First published
11 Sep 2017
This article is Open Access
All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
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Chem. Sci., 2017,8, 7651-7668
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Molecular and cellular mechanisms of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in clinical trials
T. Yeh, Thomas M. Leissing, M. I. Abboud, C. C. Thinnes, O. Atasoylu, J. P. Holt-Martyn, D. Zhang, A. Tumber, K. Lippl, C. T. Lohans, I. K. H. Leung, H. Morcrette, I. J. Clifton, T. D. W. Claridge, A. Kawamura, E. Flashman, X. Lu, P. J. Ratcliffe, R. Chowdhury, C. W. Pugh and C. J. Schofield,Chem. Sci., 2017, 8, 7651DOI: 10.1039/C7SC02103H
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