Dietary intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids and the risk of developing an unhealthy metabolic phenotype (original) (raw)
* Corresponding authors
a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
E-mail: mirmiran@endocrine.ac.ir, parvin.mirmiran@gmail.com
Tel: +982122357484
b Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
c Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
d Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
e Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate prospective associations between dietary habitual intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids and the development of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype. In this study 1114 adults, who had a healthy metabolic phenotype in the third examination cycle (2005–2008) participated. Dietary intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids were estimated using valid food frequency questionnaires evaluated during the study. Joint Scientific Statement criteria were used to define a metabolic unhealthy phenotype as meeting at least two criteria. During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, one standard deviation increase in total flavonoids reduced the risk of developing an unhealthy phenotype by 50% (95% CIs: 0.42–0.59), and inverse associations were observed for individual classes except anthocyanins, being the strongest for flavan-3-ols. Among carotenoid classes, a significant inverse association was only observed between lutein + zeaxanthin (HRs: 0.87, 95% CIs: 0.77–0.98) and the occurrence of an unhealthy phenotype. When data were stratified by baseline BMI, total flavonoids and individual classes of flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and flavones among both normal weight and overweight/obese individuals, isoflavones in those with excess weight and anthocyanins in normal weight individuals were inversely associated with the development of an unhealthy phenotype. Total carotenoids, β-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin were significantly associated with the lower likelihood of the occurrence of an unhealthy phenotype, only among normal weight individuals. Higher intakes of flavonoids and their individual classes may contribute to the lower risk of a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in both normal weight and overweight/obese adults. Flavonoids may have more favorable metabolic health effects than carotenoids.
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Article information
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02852H
Article type
Paper
Submitted
02 Dec 2019
Accepted
13 Feb 2020
First published
01 Apr 2020
Download Citation
Food Funct., 2020,11, 3451-3458
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Dietary intakes of flavonoids and carotenoids and the risk of developing an unhealthy metabolic phenotype
N. Moslehi, M. Golzarand, F. Hosseinpanah, P. Mirmiran and F. Azizi,Food Funct., 2020, 11, 3451DOI: 10.1039/C9FO02852H
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