Diabetes is Associated with Higher Trimethylamine N-oxide Plasma Levels (original) (raw)
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124(04): 251-256
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569330
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
M. Dambrova
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
2Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
G. Latkovskis
3Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
4University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
5Latvian Research Institute of Cardiology, Riga, Latvia
,
J. Kuka
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
,
I. Strele
2Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
,
I. Konrade
2Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
,
S. Grinberga
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
,
D. Hartmane
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
,
O Pugovics
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
,
A. Erglis
3Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
4University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
5Latvian Research Institute of Cardiology, Riga, Latvia
,
E. Liepinsh
1Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
Further Information
Publication History
received 16 November 2015
first decision 16 November 2015
accepted 18 November 2015
Publication Date:
28 April 2016 (online)
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed strong associations between systemic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. In addition, plasma L-carnitine levels in patients with high TMAO concentrations predicted an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and incident major adverse cardiac events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between TMAO and L-carnitine plasma levels and diabetes. Blood plasma samples were collected from 12 and 20 weeks old db/db mice and patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetic compared to non-diabetic db/L mice presented 10-fold higher TMAO, but lower L-carnitine plasma concentrations at 12 weeks of age. After 8 weeks of observation, diabetic db/db mice had significantly increased body weight, insulin resistance and TMAO concentration in comparison to non-diabetic control. In 191 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention the median (interquartile range) plasma concentration of TMAO was 1.8 (1.2–2.6) µmol/L. Analysis of the samples showed a bivariate association of TMAO level with age, total cholesterol and L-carnitine. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, in addition to L-carnitine as the strongest predictor of log transformed TMAO (p<0.001), the parameters of age, diabetes status and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with increased log transformed TMAO levels (p<0.01).
Our data provide evidence that age, diabetes and BMI are associated with higher TMAO levels independently of L-carnitine. These data support the hypothesis of TMAO as a cardiovascular risk marker and warrant further investigation of TMAO for diabetes research applications.
Key words
cardiovascular - diabetes - L-carnitine - trimethylamine N-oxide
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