The mucosal immune system: from specialized immune defense to inflammation and allergy (original) (raw)

Authors

• H. Kiyono Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shiroganedai, Tokyo, Japan; Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
• M.-N. Kweon Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shiroganedai, Tokyo, Japan; Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
• T. Hiroi Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shiroganedai, Tokyo, Japan; Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
• I. Takahashi Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shiroganedai, Tokyo, Japan; Immunobiology Vaccine Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1080/000163501750266738

Keywords:

B-1 Cells Cmis Diarrhea Eosinophils Ibd Iga Il-5 Il-15 Mast Cells Tcr Alpha Chain Betabeta T Cells

Abstract

The mucosal immune system is a first line of defense against foreign antigens, including microbial and dietary antigens. Under normal circumstances, the mucosal immune system employs tightly regulated dynamic mucosal intra- and internets consisting of inductive and effector sites for the induction of an appropriate immunological homeostasis between the host and mucosal environments. The common mucosal immune system (CMIS), which interconnects between inductive (e.g. Peyer patch) and effector (e.g. intestinal lamina propria) tissues for the induction of the IgA response, is well characterized. Recent results provide strong evidence for the presence of a CMIS-independent IgA induction pathway. Two distinct subsets of mucosal IgA-committed B cells, termed B-1 and B-2, are associated with CMIS-independent and CMIS-dependent cascades, respectively. In some cases, the breakdown of this tightly regulated mucosal immune system leads to pathological responses to different gut environmental antigens. As a result, disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. IBD) and allergic gastroenteropathy can be evoked in the gastrointestinal tissues. Recently, many studies have described possible molecular and cellular mechanisms for this dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tissues by using murine models with specific gene manipulation. In this review, we summarize recent findings from our group concerning the CMIS-dependent and CMIS-independent IgA induction pathways and gastrointestinal diseases (IBD and intestinal allergic diseases). These observations may provide useful information for the development of new mucosal immune therapy.

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