Point-of-Use Membrane Filtration and Hyperchlorination to Prevent Patient Exposure to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in the Potable Water Supply of a Skilled Nursing Facility | Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)

References

1.Chroneou, A, Zimmerman, SK, Cook, S, et al.Molecular typing of Mycobacterium chelonae isolates from a pseudo-outbreak involving an automated bronchoscope washer. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29(11):1088–1090.Google Scholar

2.Cox, R, deBorja, K, Bach, MC. A pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae infections related to bronchoscopy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18(2):136–137.Google Scholar

3.Kressel, AB, Kidd, F. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae and Methylobacterium mesophilicum caused by contamination of an automated endoscopy washer. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22(7):414–418.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

4.Phillips, MS, von Reyn, CF. Nosocomial infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Infect Dw200T;33(8):1363–1374.Google Scholar

5.Wallace, RJ Jr, Brown, BA, Griffith, DE. Nosocomial outbreaks/pseudo-outbreaks caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 1998;52:453–490.Google Scholar

6.Griffith, DE, Aksamit, T, Brown-Elliott, BA, et al.An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:367–416.Google Scholar

7.Chen, T, Dettinger, L, Waller, K, et al.Investigation of Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus in three healthcare facilities: Pennsylvania 2002-2006. Poster presented at: 56th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference, 2007; Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar

8.Arnow, PM, Bakir, M, Thompson, K, Bova, JL. Endemic contamination of clinical specimens by Mycobacterium gordonae. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31(2):472–476.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

9.Bettiker, RL, Axelrod, PI, Fekete, T, et al.Delayed recognition of a pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium terrae. Am J Infect Control 2006;34(6):343–347.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

10.Blossom, DB, Alelis, KA, Chang, DC, et al.Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus infection caused by laboratory contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29(1):57–62.Google Scholar

11.El Sahly, HM, Septimus, E, Soini, H, et al.Mycobacterium simiae pseudo-outbreak resulting from a contaminated hospital water supply in Houston, Texas. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35(7):802–807.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

12.Esteban, J, Fernández-Roblas, R, Ortiz, A, García-Cía, JI. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium gordonae. usefulness of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to assess the clonality of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12(7):677–679.Google Scholar

13.Gebo, KA, Srinivasan, A, Perl, TM, Ross, T, Groth, A, Merz, WG. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum on a human immunodeficiency virus ward: transient respiratory tract colonization from a contaminated ice machine. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35(1):32–38.Google Scholar

14.Lai, KK, Brown, BA, Westerling, JA, Fontecchio, SA, Zhang, Y, Wallace, RJ Jr.Long-term laboratory contamination by Mycobacterium abscessus resulting in two pseudo-outbreaks: recognition with use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27(1):169–175.Google Scholar

15.Lalande, V, Barbut, F, Varnerot, A, et al.Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium gordonae associated with water from refrigerated fountains. J Hosp Infect 2001;48(1):76–79.Google Scholar

16.Maloney, S, Welbel, S, Daves, B, et al.Mycobacterium abscessus pseudo-infection traced to an automated endoscope washer: utility of epidemiologic and laboratory investigation.J Infect Dis 1994;169(5):1166–1169.Google Scholar

17.Ortiz, A, Esteban, J, Zamora, N. Molecular identification by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of a pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum due to cross-contamination of clinical samples. J Med Microbiol 2007;56(6):871–872.Google Scholar

18.Sniadack, DH, Ostroff, SM, Karlix, MA, et al.A nosocomial pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium xenopi due to a contaminated potable water supply: lessons in prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14(11):636–641.Google Scholar

19.Wang, SH, Pancholi, P, Stevenson, K, et al.Pseudo-outbreak of “Mycobacterium parajfinicum” infection and/or colonization in a tertiary care medical center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;30(9):848–853.Google Scholar

20.Eaton, AD, Clesceri, LS, Rice, EW, Greenberg, AE, eds. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.Google Scholar

21.Kent, PT, Kubica, GRPublic Health Laboratory: A Guide for the Level III Laboratory. US Department of Health and Human Services publication no. 86-8230. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1985.Google Scholar

23.Butler, WR, Guthertz, LS. Mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of Mycobacterium species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:704–726.Google Scholar

24.Telenti, A, Marchesi, F, Balz, M, Bally, F, Bottger, EC, Bodmer, T. Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1993;31(2):175–178.Google Scholar

25.Häfner, B, Haag, H, Geiss, H, Nolte, O. Different molecular methods for the identification of rarely isolated non-tuberculous mycobacteria and description of new hsp65 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. Mol Cell Probes 2004;18(1):59–65.Google Scholar

26.Adékambi, T, Colson, P, Drancourt, M. _rpo_B-based identification of nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:5699–5708.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

27.Adékambi, T, Drancourt, M. Dissection of phylogenetic relationships among 19 rapidly growing Mycobacterium species by 16S rRNA, hsp65, recA and rpoB gene sequencing. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004;54:2095–2105.Google Scholar

29.Manuel, CM, Nunes, OC, Melo, LEDynamics of drinking water biofilm in flow/non-flow conditions. Wat Res 2010;41(3):551–562.Google Scholar

30.Makin, T, Hart, CA. The efficacy of control measures for eradicating legionellae in showers. J Hosp Inf 1990;16:1–7.Google Scholar

31.Srinivasan, A, Bova, G, Ross, T, et al.A 17-month evaluation of a chlorine dioxide water treatment system to control Legionella species in a hospital water supply. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:575–579.Google Scholar

32.LeDantec, C, Duguet, JP, Montiel, A, Dumoutier, N, Dubrou, S, Vincent, V. Chlorine disinfection of atypical mycobacteria isolated from a water distribution system. Appi Environ Microbiol 2002;68:1025–1032.Google Scholar

33.Norton, CD, LeChevallier, M, Falkinham, JO. Survival of Mycobacterium avium in a model distribution system. Wat Res 2004;38:1457–1466.Google Scholar

34.Pepper, IL, Rusin, P, Quintanar, DR, Haney, C, Josephson, KL, Gerba, CP. Tracking the concentration of heterotrophic plate count bacteria from the source to the consumer's tap. Int J Food Miaobiol 2004;92:289–295.Google Scholar

35.Covert, TC, Rodgers, MR, Reyes, AL, Stelma, GN Jr.Occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in environmental samples. Appi Environ Microbiol 1999;65:2492–2496.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

36.Howard, ST, Rhoades, E, Recht, J, et al.Spontaneous reversion of Mycobacterium abscessus from a smooth to a rough morphotype is associated with reduced expression of glycopepti-dolipid and reacquisition of an invasive phenotype. Microbiology 2006;152:1581–1590.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

37.Gomila, M, Ramirez, A, Gaseo, J, Lalucat, J. Mycobacterium llatz-erense sp. nov., a facultatively autotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium isolated from haemodialysis water. Int J Syst Evol Mkrobiol 2008;58(12):2769–2773.Google Scholar

38.Cooksey, RC, Jhung, MA, Yakrus, MA, et al.Multiphasic approach reveals genetic diversity of environmental and patient isolates of Mycobacterium mucogenicum and Mycobacterium phocaicum associated with an outbreak of bacteremias at a Texas hospital. Appi Environ Microbiol 2008;74(8):2480–2487.Google Scholar

39.LaBombardi, VJ, O'Brien, AM, Kislak, JW. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum due to contaminated ice machines. Am J Infect Control 2002;30(3):184–186.Google Scholar

40.Manangan, LP, Anderson, RL, Arduino, MJ, Bond, WW. Sanitary care and maintenance of ice-storage chests and ice-making machines in health care facilities. Am J Infect Control 1998;26:111–112.Google Scholar