Global gene expression profiling of somatic motor neuron populations with different vulnerability identify molecules and pathways of degeneration and protection (original) (raw)

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Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

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Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

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Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

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Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

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Center for Neuroregeneration Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA

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Revision received:

21 May 2010

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Eva Hedlund, Martin Karlsson, Teresia Osborn, Wesley Ludwig, Ole Isacson, Global gene expression profiling of somatic motor neuron populations with different vulnerability identify molecules and pathways of degeneration and protection, Brain, Volume 133, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 2313–2330, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq167
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Abstract

Different somatic motor neuron subpopulations show a differential vulnerability to degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Studies in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 over-expressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice indicate that initiation of disease is intrinsic to motor neurons, while progression is promoted by astrocytes and microglia. Therefore, analysis of the normal transcriptional profile of motor neurons displaying differential vulnerability to degeneration in motor neuron disease could give important clues to the mechanisms of relative vulnerability. Global gene expression profiling of motor neurons isolated by laser capture microdissection from three anatomical nuclei of the normal rat, oculomotor/trochlear (cranial nerve 3/4), hypoglossal (cranial nerve 12) and lateral motor column of the cervical spinal cord, displaying differential vulnerability to degeneration in motor neuron disorders, identified enriched transcripts for each neuronal subpopulation. There were striking differences in the regulation of genes involved in endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondrial function, ubiquitination, apoptosis regulation, nitrogen metabolism, calcium regulation, transport, growth and RNA processing; cellular pathways that have been implicated in motor neuron diseases. Confirmation of genes of immediate biological interest identified differential localization of insulin-like growth factor II, guanine deaminase, peripherin, early growth response 1, soluble guanylate cyclase 1A3 and placental growth factor protein. Furthermore, the cranial nerve 3/4-restricted genes insulin-like growth factor II and guanine deaminase protected spinal motor neurons from glutamate-induced toxicity (P < 0.001, ANOVA), indicating that our approach can identify factors that protect or make neurons more susceptible to degeneration.

© The Author (2010). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Topic:

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• cell nucleus
• gene expression profiling
• genes
• guanine deaminase
• insulin-like growth factor ii
• motor neurons
• rats
• emotional vulnerability
• tissue degeneration

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