New Nomenclature for the Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Family (original) (raw)
Journal Article
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada
aaddress correspondence to this author at: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada, email [email protected]
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Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L5, Canada
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Centre for Molecular Biotechnology
, School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 4001
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Human Genome Center
, Biology and Biotechnology Research Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551
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Division of Structural Cell Biology
, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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Department of Dermatology
, University Hospital, S-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
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Department of Molecular Biotechnology
, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
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Division of Structural Cell Biology
, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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Central Nervous System Research
, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN 46285
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Department of Laboratory Medicine
, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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Published:
01 November 2000
Cite
Eleftherios P Diamandis, George M Yousef, Judith Clements, Linda K Ashworth, Shigetaka Yoshida, Torbjorn Egelrud, Peter S Nelson, Sadao Shiosaka, Sheila Little, Hans Lilja, Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Harry G Rittenhouse, Hester Wain, New Nomenclature for the Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Family, Clinical Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 11, 1 November 2000, Pages 1855–1858, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.11.1855
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Extract
The human kallikrein gene family is important to the discipline of clinical chemistry because it contains genes that encode for valuable cancer biomarkers, including the best tumor marker available today, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Despite reports of numerous kallikrein-like genes in the mouse (1), until 2–3 years ago, only three human kallikrein genes were recognized: pancreatic/renal kallikrein (KLK1), human glandular kallikrein 2 (KLK2), and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3) (1)(2). The proteins encoded by the three kallikrein genes are now known as hK1, hK2, and hK3 (PSA). These three genes encode for serine proteases with either trypsin-like (hK1, hK2) or chymotrypsin-like (hK3) activity. Traditionally, kallikreins have been defined as enzymes that can act on high-molecular weight substrates and release bioactive peptides, known as kinins (3). Among the known kallikrein enzymes, only plasma kallikrein (encoded by a single gene localized on human chromosome 4q35; official symbol KLKB1) and pancreatic/renal kallikrein (hK1) have significant kininogenase activity. The proteins encoded by the KLK2 and the KLK3 genes have minimal or no kininogenase activity (4)(5).
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