Preclinical Assessment of Stem Cell Therapies for Neurological Diseases (original) (raw)

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Valerie L. Joers, BS, is a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin (UW) Neuroscience Training Program in Madison and a graduate assistant at the Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Marina E. Emborg, MD, PhD, is Director of the Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program and an assistant professor in the UW-Madison Department of Medical Physics.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Marina E. Emborg, Director, Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1223 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715 or email emborg@primate.wisc.edu .

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Valerie L. Joers, BS, is a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin (UW) Neuroscience Training Program in Madison and a graduate assistant at the Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center. Marina E. Emborg, MD, PhD, is Director of the Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program and an assistant professor in the UW-Madison Department of Medical Physics.

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Published:

01 January 2010

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Abstract

Stem cells, as subjects of study for use in treating neurological diseases, are envisioned as a replacement for lost neurons and glia, a means of trophic support, a therapeutic vehicle, and, more recently, a tool for in vitro modeling to understand disease and to screen and personalize treatments. In this review we analyze the requirements of stem cell–based therapy for clinical translation, advances in stem cell research toward clinical application for neurological disorders, and different animal models used for analysis of these potential therapies. We focus on Parkinson's disease (typically defined by the progressive loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons), stroke (neurodegeneration associated with decreased blood perfusion in the brain), and multiple sclerosis (an autoimmune disorder that generates demyelination, axonal damage, astrocytic scarring, and neurodegeneration in the brain and spinal cord). We chose these disorders for their diversity and the number of people affected by them. An additional important consideration was the availability of multiple animal models in which to test stem cell applications for these diseases. We also discuss the relationship between the limited number of systematic stem cell studies performed in animals, in particular nonhuman primates and the delayed progress in advancing stem cell therapies to clinical success.

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