Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila Melanogaster (original) (raw)

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Disclosure Statement

This work was funded by DOD grant DAAD19-02-1-0036.

*Address correspondence to: Chiara Cirelli, MD, PhD, University of Wisconsin/ Madison, Department of Psychiatry, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison WI 53719; Tel: 608 263 9236; Fax: 608 265 2953; E-mail: ccirelli@wisc.edu

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Received:

01 January 2004

Accepted:

01 February 2004

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Reto Huber, Sean L. Hill, Carie Holladay, Melissa Biesiadecki, Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli, Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila Melanogaster, Sleep, Volume 27, Issue 4, June 2004, Pages 628–639, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.4.628
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Abstract

Study Objectives:

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a promising model system for the genetic dissection of sleep. As in mammals, sleep in the fruit fly is a reversible state of reduced responsiveness to the external world and has been defined using an array of behavioral, pharmacologic, molecular, and electrophysiologic criteria. A central feature of mammalian sleep is its homeostatic regulation by the amount of previous wakefulness. Dissecting the mechanisms of homeostatic regulation is likely to provide key insights into the functions of sleep. Thus, it is important to establish to what extent sleep homeostasis is similar between mammals and flies. This study was designed to determine whether in flies, as in mammals, (1) sleep rebound is dependent on prior time awake; (2) sleep deprivation affects the intensity, in addition to the duration, of sleep rebound; (3) sleep loss impairs vigilance and performance; (4) the sleep homeostatic response is conserved among different wild-type lines, and between female and male flies of the same line.

Design:

Motor activity of individual flies was recorded at 1-minute intervals using the infrared Drosophila Activity Monitoring System during 2 baseline days; during 6,12, and 24 hours of sleep deprivation; and during 2 days of recovery. Sleep was defined as any period of uninterrupted behavioral immobility lasting > 5 minutes. Sleep continuity was measured by calculating the number of brief awakenings, the number and duration of sleep episodes, and a sleep continuity score. Vigilance before and after sleep deprivation was assessed by measuring the escape response triggered by 2 different aversive stimuli.

Setting:

Fly sleep research laboratory at UW-Madison.

Participants and Interventions:

Adult flies of the Canton-S (CS) strain and 116 other wild-type lines (≥ 16 female and ≥ 16 male flies per line).

Measurements and Results:

In wild-type CS flies, as in mammals, the amount of sleep recovered after sleep deprivation was dependent on prior time awake. Relative to baseline sleep, recovery sleep in CS flies was less fragmented, with longer sleep episodes, and was associated with a higher arousal threshold. Sleep deprivation in CS flies also reduced performance. Sleep duration and continuity increased after 24 hour of sleep deprivation in all the other wild-type lines tested.

Conclusion:

The sleep homeostatic response in fruit flies is a stable phenotype and shares most of, if not all, the major features of mammalian sleep homeostasis, thus supporting the use of Drosophila as a model system for the genetic dissection of sleep mechanisms and functions.

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Topic:

• homeostasis
• diptera
• tissue dissection
• drosophila
• drosophila melanogaster
• mammals
• biological models
• sleep deprivation
• genetics
• sleep
• sleep duration

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