Carbonatites—Into the Twenty-First Century (original) (raw)

Journal Article

,

1

Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Centre, Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University

Ottawa, Ont., Canada

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2

Geological Survey of Canada

Ottawa, Ont., Canada

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3

Geotop, Université Du QuéBec A MontréAl

MontréAl, Qué., Canada

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Published:

01 November 1998

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Introduction

At the 1997 annual meeting of the GAC–MAC in Ottawa, a two and a half day carbonatite symposium was held in honour of John Gittins, who recently retired from the Geology Department at the University of Toronto. John, long associated with carbonatites, was co-editor with Frank Tuttle of Carbonatites, a book which provided a comprehensive and detailed summary of carbonatite research up to 1966 (Tuttle & Gittins, 1966). During his research career John studied a number of diverse problems pertaining to carbonatites, especially those involving mineralogical and phase equilibrium studies. His uncanny knack of homing in on some of the fundamental problems associated with carbonatite petrogenesis led to the publication of a number of stimulating papers. John is one of those rare individuals who can integrate both field and experimental studies. The paper he co-authored with Cooper and Tuttle on the calcium–alkali carbonate ternary system was one of the first papers to show the complete phase relationships among the different carbonates that could potentially precipitate out of a carbonatitic liquid at low pressures (Cooper et al., 1975). Subsequently, his attention turned to problems inherent in the use of calcite-dolomite geothermometry and particularly its application to carbonatites (Gittins, 1979_a_). John became a staunch advocate of high-temperature dolomitic and calcitic carbonatite parental magmas, and suggested fractionation of such magmas as one way of generating alkali-rich melts at Oldoinyo Lengai (e.g. Gittins & McKie, 1979; Twyman & Gittins, 1987). His later concerns about the compositions of fluid phases accompanying carbonatite magmatism (Gittins et al., 1990), led him to emphasize the anhydrous nature of carbonatitic melts, and the role of fluorine in lowering liquidus temperatures (Jago & Gittins, 1991). Several of his papers were overviews of carbonatite and alkalic rock research, and although published some time ago, these papers still provide perceptive insights into magma generation and subsequent evolution (Gittins, 1966, 1979_b_, 1989). Because of the breadth of his knowledge about carbonatites, John with his incisive comments could be a formidable adversary, and he was never one to avoid a healthy debate. John's insistence on clear thinking led to the publication of several skilfully crafted critiques that kept many of us on our toes and many of us honest.

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