P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping,... : Pharmacogenetics and Genomics (original) (raw)

Invited review: PDF Only

P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature

Nelson, David R.1; Koymans, Luc2; Kamataki, Tetsuya3; Stegeman, John J.4; Feyereisen, René5; Waxman, David J.6; Waterman, Michael R.7; Gotoh, Osamu8; Coon, Minor J.9; Estabrook, Ron W.10; Gunsalus, Irwin C.11; Nebert, Daniel W.12

1Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA

2Janssen Research Foundation, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium

3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W6, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060 Japan

4Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA

5Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

6Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA

7Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

8Saitama Cancer Center, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama 362, Japan

9Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

10Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA

11Environmental Research Lab, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Pensacola Beach, FL 32561, USA

12Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA

Abstract

We provide here a list of 481 P450 genes and 22 pseudogenes, plus all accession numbers that have been reported as of October 18,1995. These genes have been described in 85 eukaryote (including vertebrates, invertebrates, fungi, and plants) and 20 prokaryote species. Of 74 gene families so far described, 14 families exist in all mammals examined to date. These 14 families comprise 26 mammalian subfamilies, of which 20 and 15 have been mapped in the human genome and the mouse genome, respectively. Each subfamily usually represents a cluster of tightly linked genes widely scattered throughout the genome, but there are exceptions. Interestingly, the CYP51 family has been found in mammals, filamentous fungi and yeast, and plants - attesting to the fact that this P450 gene family is very ancient. One functional CYP51 gene and two processed pseudogenes, which are the first examples of intronless pseudogenes within the P450 superfamily, have been mapped to three different human chromosomes

This revision supersedes the four previous updates in which a nomenclature system, based on divergent evolution of the superfamily, has been described. For the gene, we recommend that the italicized root symbol 'CYP' for human ('Cyp' for mouse and Drosophila), representing 'cytochrome P450' be followed by an Arabic number denoting the family, a letter designating the subfamily (when two or more exist), and an Arabic numeral representing the individual gene within the subfamily. A hyphen is no longer recommended in mouse gene nomenclature. 'P' ('ps' in mouse and Drosophila) after the gene number denotes a pseudogene; 'X' after the gene number means its use has been discontinued. If a gene is the sole member of a family, the subfamily letter and gene number would be helpful but need not be included. The human nomenclature system should be used for all species other than mouse and Drosophila. The cDNAs, mRNAs and enzymes in all species (including mouse) should include all capital letters, and without italics or hyphens. This nomenclature system is similar to that proposed in our previous updates