Pathogenesis of enteric Salmonella infections : Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (original) (raw)
Gastrointestinal infections: Edited by Edgar C. Boedeker
aMichael Smith Laboratories, Canada
bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Correspondence to Dr B. Brett Finlay, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada Tel: +1 604 822 2210; fax: +1 604 822 9830; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Purpose of review
Gastrointestinal disease caused by Salmonella species leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of various animal models has greatly advanced understanding of Salmonella pathogenesis at intestinal and systemic sites. This review will emphasize recent advances in the understanding of intestinal Salmonella infections.
Recent findings
Recent research has focused on bacterial products and the host pathogen recognition receptors involved in the activation of immune pathways. In particular, activation of Toll-like receptor 5 and Ipaf by Salmonella flagellin has been a major finding. The discovery of cryptopatches as novel lymphoid follicles and the characterization of intestinal dendritic cell populations have been examined in the context of Salmonella infections. The development and use of the streptomycin pretreated mouse model of enterocolitis has allowed researchers to probe the host factors contributing to intestinal immunopathology. Furthermore, the analysis of microbiota in Salmonella infections has provided new insights regarding the role of inflammation in gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, the contributions of specific Salmonella type 3-secreted effectors to the establishment and modulation of inflammation have been further refined.
Summary
New advances in animal models have allowed researchers to further define the contribution of specific bacterial and host factors involved in _Salmonella_-induced enterocolitis.
© 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.