Global burden of HBV-related liver disease: Primary liver... : Hepatology (original) (raw)

Original Articles: Viral Hepatitis

Danpanichkul, Pojsakorn1; Duangsonk, Kwanjit2; Chen, Vincent L.3; Saokhieo, Preenapun4; Dejvajara, Disatorn4; Sukphutanan, Banthoon4; Aboona, Majd B.5; Lopimpisuth, Chawin6; Pang, Yanfang7,8,9; Ibrahim, Andrew F.10; Fallon, Michael B.11,12; Huang, Daniel Q.13; Kim, Donghee14; Singal, Amit G.15; Yang, Ju Dong16; Aqel, Bashar A.17; Terrault, Norah A.18; Wijarnpreecha, Karn11,12,19

1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

4Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

5Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, USA

6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA

7Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China

8National Immunological Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baise, Guangxi, China

9Center for Medical Laboratory Science, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China

10Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

11Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

12Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

13Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

14Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

15Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

16Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA

17Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

18Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

19BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Abbreviations: APC, annual percent change; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; ICD, International Classification of Disease; PLC, primary liver cancer; SDI, sociodemographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.

Pojsakorn Danpanichkul and Kwanjit Duangsonk are co-first authors.

Correspondence Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA. Email: [email protected] Karn Wijarnpreecha, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA. Email: [email protected]

Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website, www.hepjournal.com.

Backgrounds and Aims:

HBV-related liver disease ranks as the seventh leading cause of mortality. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, global disparities in the burden of primary liver cancer (PLC) persist. We evaluate global trends in the prevalence, incidence, and death of HBV-related liver disease.

Approach and Results:

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 evaluated acute HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis, and HBV-related liver cancer prevalence, incidence, and death. In 2021, there were 7.30 million cases of acute HBV, 283.64 million cases of HBV-related cirrhosis, and 288,110 cases of HBV-related PLC. HBV-related PLC accounted for 39% of the global incidence of PLC; Western Pacific had the highest rates for HBV-related PLC, with an incidence of 5.24 and a death rate of 4.38 per 100,000 population. Between 2000 and 2021, age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and death rates from HBV-related liver disease decreased; however, the incidence of HBV-related PLC rose in 65 countries from 2000 to 2021. In parallel, age-standardized prevalent rates from HBV-related PLC increased in Europe (annual percent change: 0.77%, 95% CI: 0.72%–0.81%) and the Americas (annual percent change: 1.05%, 95% CI: 1.00%–1.10%).

Conclusions:

From 2000 to 2021, decreases in HBV-related liver disease incidence and prevalence were observed; however, more than one-third of countries showed an increase in the incidence of HBV-related PLC. These findings highlight the need for strengthened HBV treatment efforts to reduce the risk of liver cancer.

Plain Language SummaryHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver disease and cancer, contributing significantly to global mortality. Despite improvements in prevention and treatment, disparities in liver cancer rates persist worldwide. A study using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 found that while age-standardized rates of HBV-related liver disease have decreased since 2000, the incidence of HBV-related liver cancer has increased in 65 countries. The Western Pacific region has the highest rates of HBV-related liver cancer. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced HBV treatment strategies to lower liver cancer risks.

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