A requirement for replication in activation of the ATR-dependent DNA damage checkpoint (original) (raw)

1. Patrick J. Lupardus,
2. Tony Byun,
3. Muh-ching Yee,
4. Mohammad Hekmat-Nejad1, and
5. Karlene A. Cimprich2
6. Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5174, USA

Abstract

Using the Xenopus egg extract system, we investigated the involvement of DNA replication in activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. We show here that DNA damage slows replication in a checkpoint-independent manner and is accompanied by replication-dependent recruitment of ATR and Rad1 to chromatin. We also find that the replication proteins RPA and Polα accumulate on chromatin following DNA damage. Finally, damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and checkpoint arrest are abrogated when replication is inhibited. These data indicate that replication is required for activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and suggest a unifying model for ATR activation by diverse lesions during S phase.

• ATR
• Rad1
• DNA damage
• Xenopus
• checkpoint
• replication

Footnotes

• ↵1 Present address: Cytokinetics, Inc., 280 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

• ↵2 Corresponding author.

• E-MAIL cimprich{at}stanford.edu; FAX (650) 725-2952.

• Article and publication are at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.1013502.

• • Received June 6, 2002.
  • Accepted July 24, 2002.

• Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

•