Maternally Derived Microduplications at 15q11-q13: Implication of Imprinted Genes in Psychotic Illness (original) (raw)

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

American Journal of Psychiatry

History

Received: 20 November 2009

Revision received: 11 July 2010

Revision received: 1 October 2010

Accepted: 29 October 2010

Published online: 1 April 2011

Published in print: April 2011

Authors

Details

Andrés Ingason, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

George Kirov, Ph.D., M.R.C.Psych.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Ina Giegling, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Thomas Hansen, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Anthony R. Isles, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Klaus D. Jakobsen, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Kari T. Kristinsson, B.Sc.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Louise le Roux, M.Sc.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Omar Gustafsson, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Nick Craddock, F.R.C.Psych., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hans-Jürgen Möller, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Andrew McQuillin, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Pierandrea Muglia, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Sven Cichon, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Marcella Rietschel, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Roel A. Ophoff, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Srdjan Djurovic, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Ole A. Andreassen, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Olli P.H. Pietiläinen, B.Sc.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Leena Peltonen, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Emma Dempster, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

David A. Collier, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

David St. Clair, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Henrik B. Rasmussen, D.V.M., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Birte Y. Glenthøj, M.D., D.Med.Sc.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Lambertus A. Kiemeney, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Barbara Franke, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Sarah Tosato, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Chiara Bonetto, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Evald Saemundsen, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Stefán J. Hreidarsson, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

GROUP Investigators

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Markus M. Nöthen, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hugh Gurling, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Michael C. O'Donovan, Ph.D., F.R.C.Psych.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Michael J. Owen, Ph.D., F.R.C.Psych.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Engilbert Sigurdsson, M.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hannes Petursson, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hreinn Stefansson, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Dan Rujescu, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Kari Stefansson, M.D., Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Thomas Werge, Ph.D.

From the Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland; the Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.; the Department of Psychiatry and the Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich; the Centre for Pharmacogenomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London Medical School, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, London; Medical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R and D, Verona, Italy; the Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; the Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Medical Genetics and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Los Angeles; theInstitute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo; the Department of Medical Genetics, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo; the Department for Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland; the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, U.K.; the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; the Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London; the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland; the Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark; the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Department of Urology, and the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; the Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; the State Diagnostic and Counselling Center, Kópavogur, Iceland; the Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Notes

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Werge, Research Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; [email protected] (e-mail).

Funding Information

Dr. Jakobsen has served as a member of the Advisory Board on Bipolar Disorder for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Denmark. Dr. Muglia is employed by Neurosearch A/S; he has been previously employed by GlaxoSmithKline, which sponsored part of the participant recruitment in Munich and Aberdeen for samples used in this study. Dr. Andreassen has received research support from Eli Lilly, which funded part of the genotyping costs for the Norwegian sample used in this study. Dr. Werge has served as a lecturer for and consultant to H. Lundbeck A/S. All other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.Sponsored by a Lundbeck Foundation grant (R34-A3243); a Danish National Advanced Technology Foundation grant (001-2009-2); a Danish Council for Independent Research in Medical Sciences grant; a Danish Psychiatric Research Foundation grant; European Union (EU) grants LSHM-CT-2006-037761, HEALTH-2007-2.2.1-10-223423, IMI-JU-NewMeds, and PIAP-GA-2008-218251; National Institutes of Health grant MH071425 (Dr. Stefansson); and the National Genomic Network (NGFNplus) of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The work conducted at Cardiff University was funded by Wellcome Trust, London, and the Medical Research Council, London.