Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease... : Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (original) (raw)
Chronic Kidney Disease
Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease among Nondiabetic Adults
Divisions of *Nephrology and †Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine and ‡Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; and §Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, California
Address correspondence to: Dr. Glenn M. Chertow, University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine Research, Laurel Heights, 3333 California Street, Suite 430, San Francisco, CA 94118-1211. Phone: 415-476-2173; Fax: 415-476-3381; Email: [email protected]
Accepted March 31, 2005
Received January 25, 2005
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, no prospective studies have examined the metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 10,096 nondiabetic participants who were in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and had normal baseline kidney function composed the study cohort. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to recent guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Incident CKD was defined as an estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at study year 9 among those with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline. After 9 yr of follow-up, 691 (7%) participants developed CKD. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) of developing CKD in participants with the metabolic syndrome was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.73). Compared with participants with no traits of the metabolic syndrome, those with one, two, three, four, or five traits of the metabolic syndrome had OR of CKD of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.89 to 1.45), 1.53 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.98), 1.75 (95% CI, 1.32 to 2.33), 1.84 (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.67), and 2.45 (95% CI, 1.32 to 4.54), respectively. After adjusting for the subsequent development of diabetes and hypertension during the 9 yr of follow-up, the OR of incident CKD among participants with the metabolic syndrome was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.51). The metabolic syndrome is independently associated with an increased risk for incident CKD in nondiabetic adults.
Copyright © 2005 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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