Frailty and Protein-Energy Wasting in Elderly Patients with ... : Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (original) (raw)

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Frailty and Protein-Energy Wasting in Elderly Patients with End Stage Kidney Disease

Kim, Jun Chul*,†; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar*,‡,§,‖; Kopple, Joel D.*,§,‖

*Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California;

†Division of Nephrology, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi-si, South Korea;

‡Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Torrance, California;

§David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and

‖University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California

Correspondence: Prof. Joel D. Kopple, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Older people constitute an increasingly greater proportion of patients with advanced CKD, including those patients undergoing maintenance dialysis treatment. Frailty is a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors that results from cumulative declines across multiple physiologic systems and causes vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Frailty is common in elderly CKD patients, and it may be associated with protein-energy wasting (PEW), sarcopenia, dynapenia, and other complications of CKD. Causes of frailty with or without PEW in the elderly with CKD can be classified into three categories: causes primarily caused by aging per se, advanced CKD per se, or a combination of both conditions. Frailty and PEW in elderly CKD patients are associated with impaired physical performance, disability, poorer quality of life, and reduced survival. Prevention and treatment of these conditions in the elderly CKD patients often require a multifaceted approach. Here, we examine the causes and consequences of these conditions and examine the interplay between frailty and PEW in elderly CKD patients.