Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging (original) (raw)

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Tomography is published by MDPI from Volume 7 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Grapho, LLC.

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Open AccessArticle

by

Jeff W. M. Bulte

1,2,3,4,5,*,

Piotr Walczak

2,

Miroslaw Janowski

2,

Kannan M. Krishnan

6,

Hamed Arami

6,

Aleksi Halkola

7,

Bernhard Gleich

8 and

Jürgen Rahmer

8

1

Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Miller Research Building Room 659, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA

2

Russell H. Morganginen Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research and Cellular Imaging Section, Institute for Cell Engineering

3

Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

5

Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

6

Departments of Materials Science and Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

7

Philips Healthcare, Vantaa, Finland

8

Philips GmbH Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories

*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Submission received: 4 September 2015 /Revised: 9 October 2015 /Accepted: 10 November 2015 /Published: 1 December 2015

Abstract

Magnetic labeling of stem cells enables their noninvasive detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In practical terms, most MRI studies have been limited to the visualization of local engraftment because other sources of endogenous hypointense contrast complicate the interpretation of systemic (whole-body) cell distribution. In addition, MRI cell tracking is inherently nonquantitative in nature. We report herein on the potential of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) as a novel tomographic technique for noninvasive “hot-spot” imaging and quantification of stem cells using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) tracers. Neural and mesenchymal stem cells, representing small and larger cell bodies, were labeled with 3 different SPIO tracer formulations, including 2 preparations (Feridex and Resovist) that have previously been used in clinical MRI celltracking studies. Magnetic particle spectroscopy measurements demonstrated a linear correlation between MPI signal and iron content for both free particles in homogeneous solution and for internalized and aggregated particles in labeled cells over a wide range of concentrations. The overall MPI signal ranged from 1 × 10−3 to 3 × 10−4 Am2/g Fe, which was equivalent to 2 × 10−14 to 1 × 10−15 Am2 per cell, indicating that cell numbers can be quantified with MPI analogous to the use of radiotracers in nuclear medicine or fluorine tracers in 19F MRI. When SPIO-labeled cells were transplanted in the mouse brain, they could be readily detected by MPI at a detection threshold of about 5 × 104 cells, with MPI/MRI overlays showing an excellent agreement between the hypointense MRI areas and MPI hot spots. The calculated tissue MPI signal ratio for 100,000 vs 50,000 implanted cells was 2.08. Hence, MPI can potentially be further developed for quantitative and easy-to-interpret, tracer-based noninvasive cell imaging, preferably with MRI as an adjunct anatomical imaging modality.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bulte, J.W.M.; Walczak, P.; Janowski, M.; Krishnan, K.M.; Arami, H.; Halkola, A.; Gleich, B.; Rahmer, J. Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging. Tomography 2015, 1, 91-97. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00172

AMA Style

Bulte JWM, Walczak P, Janowski M, Krishnan KM, Arami H, Halkola A, Gleich B, Rahmer J. Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging. Tomography. 2015; 1(2):91-97. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00172

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bulte, Jeff W. M., Piotr Walczak, Miroslaw Janowski, Kannan M. Krishnan, Hamed Arami, Aleksi Halkola, Bernhard Gleich, and Jürgen Rahmer. 2015. "Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging" Tomography 1, no. 2: 91-97. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00172

APA Style

Bulte, J. W. M., Walczak, P., Janowski, M., Krishnan, K. M., Arami, H., Halkola, A., Gleich, B., & Rahmer, J. (2015). Quantitative “Hot-Spot” Imaging of Transplanted Stem Cells Using Superparamagnetic Tracers and Magnetic Particle Imaging. Tomography, 1(2), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2015.00172

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