Hogg RS, Bangsberg DR, Lima VD, et al. Emergence of drug resistance is associated with an increased risk of death among patients first starting HAART. PLoS Med 2006; 3 (9): e356
Palella Jr FJ, Armon C, Buchacz K, et al. The association of HIV susceptibility testing with survival among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151 (2): 73–84 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Mansky LM. HIV mutagenesis and the evolution of antiretroviral drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2002; 5 (6): 219–23 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Abram ME, Ferris AL, Shao W, et al. Nature, position, and frequency of mutations made in a single cycle of HIV-1 replication. J Virol 2010; 84 (19): 9864–78 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Keele BF, Giorgi EE, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, et al. Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105 (21): 7552–7 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, et al. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 1996; 271 (5255): 1582–6 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Coffin JM. HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy. Science 1995; 267 (5197): 483–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hu WS, Temin HM. Genetic consequences of packaging two RNA genomes in one retroviral particle: pseudodiploidy and high rate of genetic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87 (4): 1556–60 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Levy DN, Aldrovandi GM, Kutsch O, et al. Dynamics of HIV-1 recombination in its natural target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101 (12): 4204–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Whitcomb JM, Huang W, Limoli K, et al. Hypersusceptibility to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1: clinical, phenotypic and genotypic correlates. Aids 2002; 16 (15): F41–7 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Basavapathruni A, Vingerhoets J, de Bethune MP, et al. Modulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 synergistic inhibition by reverse transcriptase mutations. Biochemistry 2006; 45 (23): 7334–40 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Larder BA. Interactions between drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 951–7 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Eron JJ, Benoit SL, Jemsek J, et al. Treatment with lamivudine, zidovudine, or both in HIV-positive patients with 200 to 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. North American HIV Working Party. N Engl J Med 1995; 333 (25): 1662–9 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Louie M, Hogan C, Hurley A, et al. Determining the antiviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS 2003; 17 (8): 1151–6 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sankatsing SU, Weverling GJ, Peeters M, et al. TMC125 exerts similar initial antiviral potency as a five-drug, triple class antiretroviral regimen. Aids 2003; 17 (18): 2623–7 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Goebel F, Yakovlev A, Pozniak AL, et al. Short-term antiviral activity of TMC278 — a novel NNRTI — in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. Aids 2006; 20 (13): 1721–6 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Murphy RL, Brun S, Hicks C, et al. ABT-378/ritonavir plus stavudine and lamivudine for the treatment of anti-retroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48-week results. Aids 2001; 15 (1): F1-9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
DeJesus E, Berger D, Markowitz M, et al. Antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and dose response of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor GS-9137 (JTK-303) in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43 (1): 1–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fätkenheuer G, Pozniak AL, Johnson MA, et al. Efficacy of short-term monotherapy with maraviroc, a new CCR5 antagonist, in patients infected with HIV-1. Nat Med 2005; 11 (11): 1170–2 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kilby JM, Lalezari JP, Eron JJ, et al. The safety, plasma pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of subcutaneous enfuvirtide (T-20), a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus fusion, in HIV-infected adults. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18 (10): 685–93 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Zhang J, Rhee SY, Taylor J, et al. Comparison of the precision and sensitivity of the Antivirogram and Pheno-Sense HIV drug susceptibility assays. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005; 38 (4): 439–44 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Mitsuya Y, Winters MA, Fessel WJ, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance genotype results in patients with plasma samples with HIV-1 RNA levels less than 75 copies/mL. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43 (1): 56–9 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Tang MW, Liu TF, Shafer RW. The HIVdb System for HIV-1 genotypic resistance interpretation. Intervirology 2012; 55 (2): 98–101 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Rhee SY, Fessel WJ, Liu TF, et al. Predictive value of HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation algorithms. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 (3): 453–63 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Kuritzkes DR, Grant RM, Feorino P, et al. Performance characteristics of the TRUGENE HIV-1 genotyping iit and the Opengene DNA sequencing system. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41 (4): 1594–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Eshleman SH, Hackett Jr J, Swanson P, et al. Performance of the Celera Diagnostics ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system for sequence-based analysis of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42 (6): 2711–7 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. US Department of Health and Human Services. 2012 Mar; 1–239 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/adultandadolescentgl.pdf [Accessed 2012 Apr 2]
Hirsch MS, Gunthard HF, Schapiro JM, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: 2008 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47 (2): 266–85 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Vandamme AM, Camacho RJ, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, et al. European recommendations for the clinical use of HIV drug resistance testing: 2011 update. AIDS Rev 2011; 13 (2): 77–108 PubMed Google Scholar
Morand-Joubert L, Charpentier C, Poizat G, et al. Low genetic barrier to large increases in HIV-1 cross-resistance to protease inhibitors during salvage therapy. Antivir Ther 2006; 11 (2): 143–54 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Palmer S, Kearney M, Maldarelli F, et al. Multiple, linked human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients are missed by standard genotype analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43 (1): 406–13 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Johnson JA, Li JF, Wei X, et al. Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy. PLoS Med 2008; 5 (7): e158 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang C, Mitsuya Y, Gharizadeh B, et al. Characterization of mutation spectra with ultra-deep pyrosequencing: application to HIV-1 drug resistance. Genome Res 2007; 17 (8): 1195–201 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Boltz VF, Zheng Y, Lockman S, et al. Role of low-frequency HIV-1 variants in failure of nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy in women previously exposed to single-dose nevirapine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108 (22): 9202–7 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Goodman DD, Zhou Y, Margot NA, et al. Low level of the K103N HIV-1 above a threshold is associated with virological failure in treatment-naive individuals undergoing efavirenz-containing therapy. Aids 2011; 25 (3): 325–33 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Singh K, Marchand B, Kirby KA, et al. Structural aspects of drug resistance and inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Viruses 2010; 2 (2): 606–38 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Melikian GL, Rhee SY, Taylor J, et al. Standardized comparison of the relative impacts of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations on nucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012 May; 56 (5): 2305–13 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Campbell TB, Shulman NS, Johnson SC, et al. Antiviral activity of lamivudine in salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41 (2): 236–42 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Miller V, Stark T, Loeliger AE, et al. The impact of the M184V substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on treatment response. HIV Med 2002; 3 (2): 135–45 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Marcelin AG, Delaugerre C, Wirden M, et al. Thymidine analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance mutations profiles and association to other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance mutations observed in the context of virological failure. J Med Virol 2004; 72 (1): 162–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lanier ER, Ait-Khaled M, Scott J, et al. Antiviral efficacy of abacavir in antiretroviral therapy-experienced adults harbouring HIV-1 with specific patterns of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Therapy 2004; 9 (1): 37–45 CAS Google Scholar
Miller MD, Margot N, Lu B, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic predictors of the magnitude of response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment in antiretroviral-experienced patients. J Infect Dis 2004; 189 (5): 837–46 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Molina JM, Marcelin AG, Pavie J, et al. Didanosine in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing failure of antiretroviral therapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2005; 191 (6): 840–7 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cozzi-Lepri A, Ruiz L, Loveday C, et al. Thymidine analogue mutation profiles: factors associated with acquiring specific profiles and their impact on the virological response to therapy. Antivir Therapy 2005; 10 (7): 791–802 CAS Google Scholar
De Luca A, Di Giambenedetto S, Trotta MP, et al. Improved interpretation of genotypic changes in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase coding region that determine the virological response to didanosine. J Infect Dis 2007; 196 (11): 1645–53 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Parikh UM, Zelina S, Sluis-Cremer N, et al. Molecular mechanisms of bidirectional antagonism between K65R and thymidine analog mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Aids 2007; 21 (11): 1405–14 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rhee SY, Liu TF, Holmes SP, et al. HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation. PLoS Comput Biol 2007; 3 (5): e87 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMedCAS Google Scholar
Boucher S, Recordon-Pinson P, Ragnaud JM, et al. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) genotypic patterns and treatment characteristics associated with the K65R RT mutation. HIV Med 2006; 7 (5): 294–8 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Winters MA, Coolley KL, Girard YA, et al. A 6-basepair insert in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 confers resistance to multiple nucleoside inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1998; 102 (10): 1769–75 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Van Vaerenbergh K, Van Laethem K, Albert J, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of multinucleoside-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among European patients receiving combinations of nucleoside analogues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44 (8): 2109–17 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Masquelier B, Race E, Tamalet C, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with insertions or deletions in the reverse transcriptase (RT): multicenter study of patients treated with RT inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45 (6): 1836–42 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
McColl DJ, Margot NA, Wulfsohn M, et al. Patterns of resistance emerging in HIV-1 from antiretroviral-experienced patients undergoing intensification therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 37 (3): 1340–50 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ren J, Stammers DK. Structural basis for drug resistance mechanisms for non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase. Virus Res 2008; 134 (1–2): 157–70 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sluis-Cremer N, Tachedjian G. Mechanisms of inhibition of HIV replication by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Virus Res 2008; 134 (1–2): 147–56 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Vingerhoets J, Tambuyzer L, Azijn H, et al. Resistance profile of etravirine: combined analysis of baseline genotypic and phenotypic data from the randomized, controlled Phase III clinical studies. Aids 2010; 24 (4): 503–14 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rimsky L, Vingerhoets J, Van Eygen V, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 isolates obtained from patients on rilpivirine therapy experiencing virologic failure in the phase 3 ECHO and THRIVE studies: 48-week analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 59 (1): 39–46 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cohen CJ, Andrade-Villanueva J, Clotet B, et al. Rilpivirine versus efavirenz with two background nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naive adults infected with HIV-1 (THRIVE): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2011; 378 (9787): 229–37 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Varghese V, Shahriar R, Rhee SY, et al. Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 52 (3): 309–15 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Antinori A, Zaccarelli M, Cingolani A, et al. Cross-resistance among nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors limits recycling efavirenz after nevirapine failure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18 (12): 835–8 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lecossier D, Shulman NS, Morand-Joubert L, et al. Detection of minority populations of HIV-1 expressing the K103N resistance mutation in patients failing nevirapine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005; 38 (1): 37–42 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kassaye S, Lee E, Kantor R, et al. Drug resistance in plasma and breast milk after single-dose nevirapine in subtype C HIV type 1: population and clonal sequence analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23 (8): 1055–61 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Rimsky L, Vingerhoets J, Van Eygen V, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 isolates obtained from patients failing rilpivirine (RPV, TMC278) in the phase III studies ECHO and THRIVE: 48 week analysis. 20th International HIV Hepatitis Drug Resistance Workshop; 2011 Jun 7–11; Los Cabos
Tambuyzer L, Vingerhoets J, Azijn H, et al. Characterization of genotypic and phenotypic changes in HIV-1-infected patients with virologic failure on an etravirine-containing regimen in the DUET-1 and DUET-2 clinical studies. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2010; 26 (11): 1197–205 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Picchio G, Vingerhoets J, Tambuyzer L, et al. Short communication prevalence of susceptibility to etravirine by genotype and phenotype in samples received for routine HIV type 1 resistance testing in the United States. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27 (12): 1271–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Kulkarni R, Babaoglu K, Lansdon EB, et al. The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase M184I mutation enhances the E138K-associated resistance to rilpivirine and decreases viral fitness. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 59 (1): 47–54 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Xu HT, Asahchop EL, Oliveira M, et al. Compensation by the E138K mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase for deficits in viral replication capacity and enzyme processivity associated with the M184I/V mutations. J Virol 2011; 85 (21): 11300–8 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Hu Z, Kuritzkes DR. Interaction of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations conferring resistance to lamivudine and etravirine: effects on fitness and RT activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2011; 85 (21): 11309–14 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Bacheler L, Jeffrey S, Hanna G, et al. Genotypic correlates of phenotypic resistance to efavirenz in virus isolates from patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy. J Virol 2001; 75 (11): 4999–5008 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Bunupuradah T, Ananworanich J, Chetchotisakd P, et al. Etravirine and rilpivirine resistance in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE-infected adults failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. Antivir Ther 2011; 16 (7): 1113–21 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Cahn P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2010 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2010; 304 (3): 321–33 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cooper D, Zajdenverg R, Ruxrungtham K, Chavez RL. Efficacy and safety of two doses of tipranavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy in antiretroviral naive patients: results of BI 1182.33. Eighth International Congress on Drug Therapy; 2006 Nov 12–16; Glasgow
Talbot A, Grant P, Taylor J, et al. Predicting tipranavir and darunavir resistance using genotypic, phenotypic, and virtual phenotypic resistance patterns: an independent cohort analysis of clinical isolates highly resistant to all other protease inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54 (6): 2473–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Bethell R, Scherer J, Witvrouw M, et al. Phenotypic protease inhibitor resistance and cross-resistance in the clinic from 2006 to 2008 and mutational prevalences in HIV from patients with discordant tipranavir and darunavir susceptibility phenotypes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. Epub 2012 Mar 23
Rhee SY, Taylor J, Fessel WJ, et al. HIV-1 protease mutations and protease inhibitor cross-resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54 (10): 4253–61 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Doherty KM, Nakka P, King BM, et al. A multifaceted analysis of HIV-1 protease multidrug resistance phenotypes. BMC Bioinformatics 2011; 12 (1): 477 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Delfraissy JF, Flandre P, Delaugerre C, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy or plus zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients. Aids 2008; 22 (3): 385–93 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Arribas JR, Horban A, Gerstoft J, et al. The monet trial: darunavir/ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with hiv rna below 50 copies/mL. Aids 2010; 24 (2): 223–30 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Katlama C, Valantin MA, Algarte-Genin M, et al. Efficacy of darunavir/ritonavir maintenance monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: a randomized open-label, noninferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136. Aids 2010; 24 (15): 2365–74 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Schapiro JM, Scherer J, Boucher CA, et al. Improving the prediction of virological response to tipranavir: the development and validation of a tipranavir-weighted mutation score. Antivir Ther 2010; 15 (7): 1011–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Molina JM, Andrade-Villanueva J, Echevarria J, et al. Once-daily atazanavir/ritonavir versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir, each in combination with tenofovir and emtricitabine, for management of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients: 48 week efficacy and safety results of the CASTLE study. Lancet 2008; 372 (9639): 646–55 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lathouwers E, De Meyer S, Dierynck I, et al. Virological characterization of patients failing darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir treatment in the ARTEMIS study: 96-week analysis. Antivir Ther 2011; 16 (1): 99–108 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pommier Y, Johnson AA, Marchand C. Integrase inhibitors to treat HIV/AIDS. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4 (3): 236–48 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Espeseth AS, Felock P, Wolfe A, et al. HIV-1 integrase inhibitors that compete with the target DNA substrate define a unique strand transfer conformation for integrase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97 (21): 11244–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Molina JM, Lamarca A, Andrade-Villanueva J, et al. Efficacy and safety of once daily elvitegravir versus twice daily raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 receiving a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor: randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority study. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12 (1): 27–35 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
van Lunzen J, Maggiolo F, Arribas JR, et al. Once daily dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572) in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV: planned interim 48 week results from SPRING-1, a dose-ranging, randomised, phase 2b trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12 (2): 111–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Blanco JL, Varghese V, Rhee SY, et al. HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance and its clinical implications. J Infect Dis 2011; 203 (9): 1204–14 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
McColl DJ, Chen X. Strand transfer inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: bringing IN a new era of antiretroviral therapy. Antiviral Res 2010; 85 (1): 101–18 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Canducci F, Ceresola ER, Boeri E, et al. Cross-resistance profile of the novel integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572) using clonal viral variants selected in patients failing raltegravir. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 (11): 1811–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Eron J, Kumar P, Lazzarin A, et al. DTG in subjects with HIV exhibiting RAL resistance: functional monotherapy results of VIKING study cohort II. 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 2011 Feb 27–Mar 2; Boston (MA)
Cooper DA, Steigbigel RT, Gatell JM, et al. Subgroup and resistance analyses of raltegravir for resistant HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (4): 355–65 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lennox JL, DeJesus E, Lazzarin A, et al. Safety and efficacy of raltegravir-based versus efavirenz-based combination therapy in treatment-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: a multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374 (9692): 796–806 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fransen S, Gupta S, Danovich R, et al. Loss of raltegravir susceptibility by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is conferred via multiple nonoverlapping genetic pathways. J Virol 2009; 83 (22): 11440–6 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Delelis O, Malet I, Na L, et al. The G140S mutation in HIV integrases from raltegravir-resistant patients rescues catalytic defect due to the resistance Q148H mutation. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37 (4): 1193–201 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Ferns RB, Kirk S, Bennett J, et al. The dynamics of appearance and disappearance of HIV-1 integrase mutations during and after withdrawal of raltegravir therapy. Aids 2009; 23 (16): 2159–64 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wirden M, Simon A, Schneider L, et al. Raltegravir has no residual antiviral activity in vivo against HIV-1 with resistance-associated mutations to this drug. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64 (5): 1087–90 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gulick RM, Lalezari J, Goodrich J, et al. Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (14): 1429–41 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Fatkenheuer G, Nelson M, Lazzarin A, et al. Subgroup analyses of maraviroc in previously treated R5 HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (14): 1442–55 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Soriano V, Perno CF, Kaiser R, et al. When and how to use maraviroc in HIV-infected patients. Aids 2009; 23 (18): 2377–85 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Westby M, Lewis M, Whitcomb J, et al. Emergence of CXCR4-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants in a minority of HIV-1-infected patients following treatment with the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc is from a pretreatment CXCR4-using virus reservoir. Journal of Virology 2006; 80 (10): 4909–20 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Trkola A, Kuhmann SE, Strizki JM, et al. HIV-1 escape from a small molecule, CCR5-specific entry inhibitor does not involve CXCR4 use. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99 (1): 395–400 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Moore JP, Kuritzkes DR. A piece de resistance: how HIV-1 escapes small molecule CCR5 inhibitors. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2009; 4 (2): 118–24 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Westby M, Smith-Burchnell C, Mori J, et al. Reduced maximal inhibition in phenotypic susceptibility assays indicates that viral strains resistant to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc utilize inhibitor-bound receptor for entry. J Virol 2007; 81 (5): 2359–71 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, et al. Prevalence of CXCR4 tropism among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients with detectable viremia. J Infect Dis 2006; 194 (7): 926–30 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brumme ZL, Goodrich J, Mayer HB, et al. Molecular and clinical epidemiology of CXCR4-using HIV-1 in a large population of antiretroviral-naive individuals. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 (3): 466–74 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Poveda E, Briz V, Quiñones-Mateu M, et al. HIV tropism: diagnostic tools and implications for disease progression and treatment with entry inhibitors. Aids 2006; 20 (10): 1359–67 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Melby T, DeSpirito M, DeMasi R, et al. HIV-1 coreceptor use in triple-class treatment-experienced patients: baseline prevalence, correlates, and relationship to enfuvirtide response. J Infect Dis 2006; 194 (2): 238–46 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Wilkin TJ, Su Z, Kuritzkes DR, et al. HIV type 1 chemokine coreceptor use among antiretroviral-experienced patients screened for a clinical trial of a CCR5 inhibitor: AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5211. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44 (4): 591–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Whitcomb JM, Huang W, Fransen S, et al. Development and characterization of a novel single-cycle recombinant-virus assay to determine human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor tropism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51 (2): 566–75 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Su Z, Gulick RM, Krambrink A, et al. Response to vicriviroc in treatment-experienced subjects, as determined by an enhanced-sensitivity coreceptor tropism assay: re-analysis of AIDS clinical trials group A5211. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 (11): 1724–8 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Swenson LC, Moores A, Low AJ, et al. Improved detection of CXCR4-using HIV by V3 genotyping: application of population-based and “deep” sequencing to plasma RNA and proviral DNA. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 54 (5): 506–10 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Swenson LC, Mo T, Dong WW, et al. Deep V3 sequencing for HIV type 1 tropism in treatment-naive patients: a re-analysis of the MERIT trial of maraviroc. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (7): 732–42 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Swenson LC, Mo T, Dong WW, et al. Deep sequencing to infer HIV-1 co-receptor usage: application to three clinical trials of maraviroc in treatment-experienced patients. J Infect Dis 2011; 203 (2): 237–45 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Deeks SG, Lu J, Hoh R, et al. Interruption of enfuvirtide in HIV-1 infected adults with incomplete viral suppression on an enfuvirtide-based regimen. J Infect Dis 2007; 195 (3): 387–91 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lu J, Deeks SG, Hoh R, et al. Rapid emergence of enfuvirtide resistance in HIV-1-infected patients: results of a clonal analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 43 (1): 60–4 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cabrera C, Marfil S, Garcia E, et al. Genetic evolution of gp41 reveals a highly exclusive relationship between codons 36, 38 and 43 in gp41 under long-term enfuvirtide-containing salvage regimen. Aids 2006; 20 (16): 2075–80 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sista PR, Melby T, Davison D, et al. Characterization of determinants of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to enfuvirtide in baseline and on-treatment HIV-1 isolates. Aids 2004; 18 (13): 1787–94 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Menzo S, Castagna A, Monachetti A, et al. Genotype and phenotype patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to enfuvirtide during long-term treatment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48 (9): 3253–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Marcelin AG, Reynes J, Yerly S, et al. Characterization of genotypic determinants in HR-1 and HR-2 gp41 domains in individuals with persistent HIV viraemia under T-20. Aids 2004; 18 (9): 1340–2 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Lu J, Sista P, Giguel F, et al. Relative replicative fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants resistant to enfuvirtide (T-20). J Virol 2004; 78 (9): 4628–37 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Bannister WP, Ruiz L, Loveday C, et al. HIV-1 subtypes and response to combination antiretroviral therapy in Europe. Antivir Ther 2006; 11 (6): 707–15 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Geretti AM, Harrison L, Green H, et al. Effect of HIV-1 subtype on virologic and immunologic response to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48 (9): 1296–305 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Scherrer AU, Ledergerber B, von Wyl V, et al. Improved virological outcome in White patients infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes compared to subtype B. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53 (11): 1143–52 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Brenner B, Turner D, Oliveira M, et al. A V106M mutation in HIV-1 clade C viruses exposed to efavirenz confers cross-resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Aids 2003; 17 (1): F1–5 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Grossman Z, Istomin V, Averbuch D, et al. Genetic variation at NNRTI resistance-associated positions in patients infected with HIV-1 subtype C. Aids 2004; 18 (6): 909–15 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Palma AC, Covens K, Snoeck J, et al. HIV-1 protease mutation 82M contributes to phenotypic resistance to protease inhibitors in subtype G. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012 May; 67 (5): 1075–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Cane PA, De Ruiter A, Rice P, et al. Resistance-associated mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C protease gene from treated and untreated patients in the United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39 (7): 2652–4 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Sugiura W, Matsuda Z, Yokomaku Y, et al. Interference between D30N and L90M in selection and development of protease inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46 (3): 708–15 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Calazans A, Brindeiro R, Brindeiro P, et al. Low accumulation of L90M in protease from subtype F HIV-1 with resistance to protease inhibitors is caused by the L89M polymorphism. J Infect Dis 2005; 191 (11): 1961–70 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Abecasis AB, Deforche K, Snoeck J, et al. Protease mutation M89I/V is linked to therapy failure in patients infected with the HIV-1 non-B subtypes C, F or G. Aids 2005; 19 (16): 1799–806 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Gallant JE, Staszewski S, Pozniak AL, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: A 3-year randomized trial. JAMA 2004; 292 (2): 191–201 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hosseinipour MC, van Oosterhout JJ, Weigel R, et al. The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. Aids 2009; 23 (9): 1127–34 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Coutsinos D, Invernizzi CF, Xu H, et al. Template usage is responsible for the preferential acquisition of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation in subtype C variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2009; 83 (4): 2029–33 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Invernizzi CF, Coutsinos D, Oliveira M, et al. Signature nucleotide polymorphisms at positions 64 and 65 in reverse transcriptase favor the selection of the K65R resistance mutation in HIV-1 subtype C. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 (8): 1202–6 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pao D, Andrady U, Clarke J, et al. Long-term persistence of primary genotypic resistance after HIV-1 seroconversion. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 37 (5): 1570–3 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Wittkop L, Gunthard HF, de Wolf F, et al. Effect of transmitted drug resistance on virological and immunological response to initial combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV (EuroCoord-CHAIN joint project): a European multicohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11 (5): 363–71 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Brenner B, Routy JP, Quan Y, et al. Persistence of multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 in primary infection leading to superinfection. Aids 2004; 18 (12): 1653–60 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Goonetilleke N, Liu MK, Salazar-Gonzalez JF, et al. The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 2009; 206 (6): 1253–72 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Jain V, Sucupira MC, Bacchetti P, et al. Differential persistence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance mutation classes. J Infect Dis 2011; 203 (8): 1174–81 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Wheeler WH, Ziebell RA, Zabina H, et al. Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance associated mutations and HIV-1 subtypes in new HIV-1 diagnoses, US-2006. Aids 2010; 24 (8): 1203–12 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Jain V, Liegler T, Vittinghoff E, et al. Transmitted drug resistance in persons with acute/early HIV-1 in San Francisco, 2002–2009. PLoS ONE 2010; 5 (12): e15510 ArticlePubMed CentralPubMedCAS Google Scholar
Truong HH, Kellogg TA, McFarland W, et al. Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance, acute infection and recent infection. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 (10): e25281 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Wensing AM, van de Vijver DA, Angarano G, et al. Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in untreated individuals in Europe: implications for clinical management. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 (6): 958–66 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hattori J, Shiino T, Gatanaga H, et al. Trends in transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 and demographic characteristics of newly diagnosed patients: nationwide surveillance from 2003 to 2008 in Japan. Antiviral Res 2010; 88 (1): 72–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Frentz D, Boucher CA, van de Vijver DA. Temporal changes in the epidemiology of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 across the world. AIDS Rev 2012; 14 (1): 17–27 PubMed Google Scholar
Vercauteren J, Wensing AM, van de Vijver DA, et al. Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 is stabilizing in Europe. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 (10): 1503–8 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Cane P, Chrystie I, Dunn D, et al. Time trends in primary resistance to HIV drugs in the United Kingdom: multi-centre observational study. BMJ 2005; 331 (7529): 1368 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Thorat SR, Chaturbhuj DN, Hingankar NK, et al. Surveillance of transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance among HIV type 1-positive women attending an antenatal clinic in Kakinada, India. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27 (12): 1291–7 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hamers RL, Wallis CL, Kityo C, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11 (10): 750–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Price MA, Wallis CL, Lakhi S, et al. Transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance among individuals with recent HIV infection in East and Southern Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27 (1): 5–12 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Tshabalala M, Manasa J, Zijenah LS, et al. Surveillance of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-1 infected women attending antenatal clinics in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 (6): e21241
Gupta R, Sultan B, Hill A, et al. Prevalence of drug resistance in untreated HIV-1- infected individuals in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Workshop on HIV & Hepatitis Virus Drug Resistance and Curative Strategies; 2011 Jun 7–11; LosCabos
Rhee S, Blanco J, Liu T, et al. Surveillance drug-resistance mutation prevalence in untreated populations: regional differences and temporal trends. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 2012 Mar 5–8; Seattle (WA)
Bennett DE. The requirement for surveillance of HIV drug resistance within antiretroviral rollout in the developing world. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2006; 19 (6): 607–14 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kuritzkes DR, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, et al. Preexisting resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors predicts virologic failure of an efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. J Infect Dis 2008; 197 (6): 867–70 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Borroto-Esoda K, Waters JM, Bae AS, et al. Baseline genotype as a predictor of virological failure to emtricitabine or stavudine in combination with didanosine and efavirenz. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23 (8): 988–95 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Chaix ML, Desquilbet L, Descamps D, et al. Response to HAART in French patients with resistant HIV-1 treated at primary infection: ANRS Resistance Network. Antivir Ther 2007; 12 (8): 1305–10 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Oette M, Kaiser R, Daumer M, et al. Primary HIV drug resistance and efficacy of first-line antiretroviral therapy guided by resistance testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 41 (5): 573–81 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Ruxrungtham K, Pedro RJ, Latiff GH, et al. Impact of reverse transcriptase resistance on the efficacy of TMC125 (etravirine) with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in protease inhibitor-naive, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-experienced patients: study TMC125-C227. HIV Med 2008; 9 (10): 883–96 CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sax PE, Tierney C, Collier AC, et al. Abacavir-lamivudine versus tenofovir-emtricitabine for initial HIV-1 therapy. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (23): 2230–40 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
World Health Organization HIV/AIDS Programme. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach 2010 revision. Geneva: WHO, 2010
Tang MW, Kanki PJ, Shafer RW. A review of the virological efficacy of the 4 World Health Organization-recommended tenofovir-containing regimens for initial HIV therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54 (6): 862–75 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Gupta R, Hill A, Sawyer AW, et al. Emergence of drug resistance in HIV type 1-infected patients after receipt of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47 (5): 712–22 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Harrigan PR, Wynhoven B, Brumme ZL, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance: degree of underestimation by a cross-sectional versus a longitudinal testing approach. J Infect Dis 2005; 191 (8): 1325–30 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Zaccarelli M, Lorenzini P, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, et al. Historical resistance profile helps to predict salvage failure. Antivir Ther 2009; 14 (2): 285–91 PubMed Google Scholar
Pillay D, Green H, Matthias R, et al. Estimating HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated individuals in the United Kingdom. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 (6): 967–73 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Steigbigel RT, Cooper DA, Kumar PN, et al. Raltegravir with optimized background therapy for resistant HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008; 359 (4): 339–54 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Nelson M, Arasteh K, Clotet B, et al. Durable efficacy of enfuvirtide over 48 weeks in heavily treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in the T-20 versus optimized background regimen only 1 and 2 clinical trials. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005; 40 (4): 404–12 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Yazdanpanah Y, Fagard C, Descamps D, et al. High rate of virologic suppression with raltegravir plus etravirine and darunavir/ritonavir among treatment-experienced patients infected with multidrug-resistant HIV: results of the ANRS 139 TRIO trial. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49 (9): 1441–9 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Clotet B, Bellos N, Molina JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir at week 48 in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection in POWER 1 and 2: a pooled subgroup analysis of data from two randomised trials. Lancet 2007; 369 (9568): 1169–78 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Colonno R, Rose R, McLaren C, et al. Identification of I50L as the signature atazanavir (ATV)-resistance mutation in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ATV-containing regimens. J Infect Dis 2004; 189 (10): 1802–10 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ziermann R, Limoli K, Das K, et al. A mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, N88S, that causes in vitro hypersensitivity to amprenavir. J Virol 2000; 74 (9): 4414–9 ArticleCASPubMed CentralPubMed Google Scholar
Naeger LK, Struble KA. Effect of baseline protease genotype and phenotype on HIV response to atazanavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients. Aids 2006; 20 (6): 847–53 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Madruga JV, Berger D, McMurchie M, et al. Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir compared with that of lopinavir-ritonavir at 48 weeks in treatment-experienced, HIV-infected patients in TITAN: a randomised controlled phase III trial. Lancet 2007; 370 (9581): 49–58 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
De Meyer S, Lathouwers E, Dierynck I, et al. Characterization of virologic failure patients on darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients. Aids 2009; 23 (14): 1829–40 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Barber TJ, Harrison L, Asboe D, et al. Frequency and patterns of protease gene resistance mutations in HIV-infected patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir as their first protease inhibitor. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67 (4): 995–1000 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Pozniak A, Opravil M, Beatty G, et al. Effect of baseline viral susceptibility on response to darunavir/ritonavir versus control protease inhibitors in treatment-experienced HIV type 1-infected patients: POWER 1 and 2. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24 (10): 1275–80 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hauser A, Mugenyi K, Kabasinguzi R, et al. Emergence and persistence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in Ugandan women after nevirapine single-dose prophylaxis. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 (5): e20357
Shionogi — ViiV Healthcare LLC. Dolutegravir Expanded Access Program (DEAP) treatment center [online]. Available from URL: http://www.dolutegravir-eap.com [Accessed 2012 May 2]
Deeks SG, Hoh R, Neilands TB, et al. Interruption of treatment with individual therapeutic drug classes in adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2005; 192 (9): 1537–44 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Imaz A, Llibre JM, Mora M, et al. Efficacy and safety of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing salvage therapy for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection based on new-class and new-generation antiretrovirals. J Anti-microb Chemother 2011; 66 (2): 358–62 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Scherrer AU, von Wyl V, Boni J, et al. Viral suppression rates in salvage treatment with raltegravir improved with the administration of genotypic partially active or inactive nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011; 57 (1): 24–31 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Optimizing treatment for treatment-experienced, HIV-infected people [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00537394]. US National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov [online]. Available from URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov [Accessed 2012 May 2]
Cossarini F, Galli L, Sagnelli C, et al. Survival of HIV-1 infected multidrug-resistant patients recycling enfuvirtide after a previous failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 51 (2): 179–84 ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar