Mechanisms of Action for Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis (original) (raw)
Lucchinetti C, Brück W, Parisi J, et al. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 2000; 47(6): 707–17 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. Neurology 1996; 46: 907–11 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Goodin DS, Frohman EM, Garmany GP, et al. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology 2002; 58(2): 169–78 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neuhaus O, Archelos JJ, Hartung H-P. Immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: from immunosuppression to neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24(3): 131–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
PRISMS Study Group. PRISMS-4: long-term efficacy of interferon-β-1a in relapsing MS. University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Neurology 2001; 56(12): 1628–36 Article Google Scholar
Comi G, Filippi M, Wolinsky JS. European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001; 49(3): 290–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hartung H-P, Gonsette R, Konig N, et al. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 2018–25 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Miller DH, Khan OA, Sheremata WA, et al. A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(1): 15–23 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Coles AJ, Wing M, Smith S, et al. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999; 354(9191): 1691–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rice GPA, Filippi M, Comi G. Cladribine and progressive MS: clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Neurology 2000; 54: 1145–55 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gonsette RE. New immunosuppressants with potential implication in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2004; 223: 87–93 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Edan G, Morrissey S, Le Page E. Rationale for the use of mitoxantrone in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2004; 223: 35–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ghalie RG, Edan G, Laurent M, et al. Cardiac adverse effects associated with mitoxantrone (Novantrone) therapy in patients with MS. Neurology 2002; 59: 909–13 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mittelbrunn M, Molina A, Escribese MM, et al. VLA-4 integrin concentrates at the peripheral supramolecular activation complex of the immune synapse and drives T helper 1 responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101(30): 11058–63 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chan A, Weilbach FX, Toyka KV, et al. Mitoxantrone induces cell death in peripheral blood leucocytes of multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139: 152–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ota K, Matsui M, Milford EL, et al. T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis. Nature 1990; 346: 183–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, et al. Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals. Neurology 1990; 40: 1770–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hartung H-P, Bar-Or A. What do we know about the mechanism of action of disease-modifying treatments in MS? J Neurol 2004; 251Suppl. 5: V12–29 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Yong VW, Chabot S, Stuve O, et al. Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action. Neurology 1998; 51: 682–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Benczik M, Gaffen SL. The interleukin (IL)-2 family cytokines: survival and proliferation signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. Immunol Invest 2004; 33(2): 109–42 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Yong VW. Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in MS. Neurology 2002; 59: 802–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brown KA. Factors modifying the migration of lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1(12): 2043–62 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Correale J, Bassani Molinas Mde L. Temporal variations of adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases in the course of MS. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 140(1–2): 198–209 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Da R-R, Guo W, et al. Axon reactive B cells clonally expanded in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25(3): 254–64 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Friese MA, Fugger L. Autoreactive CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis: a new target for therapy? Brain 2005; 128: 1747–63 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 364: 2106–12 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
PRISMS Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 352(9139): 1498–504 Article Google Scholar
Weinstock-Guttman B, Badgett D, Patrick K, et al. Genomic effects of IFN-beta in multiple sclerosis patients. J Immunol 2003; 171(5): 2694–702 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Huynh HK, Oger J, Dorovini-Zis K. Interferon-β downregulates interferon-gamma-induced class II MHC molecule expression and morphological changes in primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 60: 63–73 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Miller A, Lanir N, Shapiro S, et al. Immunoregulatory effects of interferon-β and interacting cytokines on human vascular endothelial cells: implications for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. J Neuroimmunol 1996; 64: 151–61 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Soilu-Hänninen M, Salmi A, Salonen R. Interferon-β downregulates expression of VLA-4 antigen and antagonizes interferon-gamma-induced expression of HLA-DQ on human peripheral blood monocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 60: 99–106 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Schreiner B, Mitsdoerffer M, Kieseier BC, et al. Interferon-beta enhances monocyte and dendritic cell expression of B7-H1 (PD-L1), a strong inhibitor of autologous T-cell activation: relevance for the immune modulatory effect in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 155: 172–82 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Giorelli M, Livrea P, Defazio G, et al. IFN-beta la modulates the expression of CTLA-4 and CD28 splice variants in human mononuclear cells: induction of soluble isoforms. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21(10): 809–12 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Liu Z, Pelfrey CM, Cotleur A, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of interferon beta-la in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 2001; 112: 153–62 CAS Google Scholar
Genc K, Dona DL, Reder AT. Increased CD80+ B cells in active multiple sclerosis and reversal by interferon β-1b therapy. J Clin Invest 1997; 99: 2664–71 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kawanokuchi J, Mizuno T, Kato H, et al. Effects of interferon-beta on microglial functions as inflammatory and antigen presenting cells in the central nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2004; 46(5): 734–42 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Shapiro S, Galboiz Y, Lahat N, et al. The ‘immunological-synapse’ at its APC side in relapsing and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis: modulation by interferon-β. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 144: 116–24 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sharief MK, Semra YK, Seidi OA, et al. Interferon-β therapy downregulates the anti-apoptosis protein FLIP in T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 120: 199–207 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ahn J, Feng X, Patel N, et al. Abnormal levels of interferon-gamma receptors in active multiple sclerosis are normalized by IFN-β therapy: implications for control of apoptosis. Frontiers in Bioscience 2004; 9: 1547–55 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Billiau A, Kieseier BC, Hartung H-P. Biologic role of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2004; 251Suppl. 2: II/10–14 CAS Google Scholar
Zang YC, Skinner SM, Robinson RR, et al. Regulation of differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells by interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004; 10(5): 499–506 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Sega S, Wraber B, Mesec A, et al. IFN-beta la and IFN-beta 1b have different patterns of influence on cytokines. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2004; 106(3): 255–8 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Nagai T, Devergne O, Mueller TF, et al. Timing of IFN-beta exposure during human dendritic cell maturation and naive Th cell stimulation has contrasting effects on Th1 subset generation: a role for IFN-beta-mediated regulation of IL-12 family cytokines. J Immunol 2003; 171(10): 5233–43 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Maguire van Seventer J, Nagai T, VanSeventer GA. Interferon-β differentially regulates expression of the IL-12 family members p35, p40, pl9, and EB 13 in activated human dendritic cells. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 133: 60–71 Article Google Scholar
Hussien Y, Sanna A, Söderström M, et al. Glatiramer acetate and IFN-β act on dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 121: 102–10 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Cua DJ, Sherlock J, Chen Y, et al. Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain. Nature 2003; 421(6924): 744–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Brombacher F, Kastelein RA, Alber G. Novel IL-12 family members shed light on the orchestration of Th1 responses. Trends Immunol 2003; 24(4): 207–12 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I, Gadina M, et al. Inhibiting cytokines of the interleukin-12 family: recent advances and novel challenges. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004; 56(2): 145–60 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Noronha A, Toscas A, Jensen MA. IFN-beta decreases T cell activation and IFN-gamma production in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1993; 46: 145–54 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Iarlori C, Reale M, Lugaresi A, et al. RANTES production and expression is reduced in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with interfer-on-β-1b. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 107(1): 100–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Zang YCQ, Haider JB, Samanta AK, et al. Regulation of chemokine receptor CCR5 and production of RANTES and MIP-1α by interferon-β. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 112(1-2): 174–80 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lund BT, Ashikian N, Ta HQ, et al. Increased CXCL8 (IL-8) expression in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 155(1–2): 161–71 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Von Andrian UH, Engelhardt B. Alpha4 integrins as therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 348(1): 68–72 Article Google Scholar
Muraro PA, Leist T, Biekekova B, et al. VLA-4/CD49d downregulated on primed T lymphocytes during interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 111(192): 186–94 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Muraro PA, Liberati L, Bonanni L, et al. Decreased integrin gene expression in patients with MS responding to interferon-β treatment. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 150: 123–31 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jensen J, Krakauer M, Sellebjerg F. Cytokines and adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta 1b. Cytokine 2005; 29(1): 24–30 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Graber J, Zhan M, Ford D, et al. Inteferon-β-1a induces increases in vascular cell adhesion molecule: implications for its mode of action in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 161: 169–76 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Trojano M, Avolio C, Liuzzi GM, et al. Changes of serum sICAM-1and MMP-9 induced by rIFNbeta-1b treatment in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 1999; 53: 1402–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Calabresi PA, Tranquill LR, Dambrosia JM, et al. Increases in soluble VCAM-1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β-1b. Ann Neurol 1997; 41: 669–74 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Calabresi PA, Pelfrey CM, Tranquill LR, et al. VLA-4 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes is downregulated after treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon beta. Neurology 1997; 49: 1111–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kraus J, Bauer R, Chatzimanolis N, et al. Interferon-β1b leads to a short-term increase of soluble but long-term stabilisation of cell surface bound adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2004; 251: 464–72 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Calabresi PA, Prat A, Biernacki K, et al. T lymphocytes conditioned with interferon beta induce membrane and soluble VCAM on human brain endothelial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 115(1–2): 161–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Matusevicius D, Kivisakk P, Navikas VV, et al. Influence of IFN-beta lb (Betafer-on) on cytokine mRNA profiles in blood mononuclear cells and plasma levels of soluble VCAM-1 in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 1998; 5(3): 265–75 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Stuve O, Dooley NP, Uhm JH, et al. Interferon beta-1b decreases the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro: effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 853–63 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Leppert D, Waubant E, Burk MR, et al. Interferon beta-1b inhibits gelatinase secretion and in vitro migration of human T cells: a possible mechanism for treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996; 40: 846–52 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ozenci V, Kouwenhoven M, Teleshova N, et al. Multiple sclerosis: pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases are affected differentially by treatment with IFN-beta. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 108(1–2): 236–43 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Galboiz Y, Shapiro S, Lahat N, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors as markers of disease subtype and response to interferon-β therapy in relapsing and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 443–51 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kraus J, Ling AK, Hamm S, et al. Interferon-beta stabilizes barrier characteristics of brain endothelial cells in vitro. Ann Neurol 2004; 56(2): 192–205 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hua LL, Kim MO, Brosnan CF, et al. Modulation of astrocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine expression by interferon beta is associated with induction and inhibition of interferon gamma-activated sequence binding activity. J Neurochem 2002; 83(5): 1120–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lucas M, Sanchez-Solino O, Solano F, et al. Interferon beta-1b inhibits reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood monocytes of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Int 1998; 33: 101–2 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Lucas M, Rodriguez MC, Gata JM, et al. Regulation by interferon beta-1a of reactive oxygen metabolites production by lymphocytes and monocytes and serum sulfhydryls in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. Neurochem Int 2003; 42(1): 67–71 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hong J, Tejada-Simon MV, Rivera VM, et al. Anti-viral properties of interferon beta treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002; 8: 237–42 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Alvarez-Lafuente R, De Las Heras V, Bartolome M, et al. Beta-interferon treatment reduces human herpesvirus-6 viral load in multiple sclerosis relapses but not in remission. Eur J Neurol 2004; 52(2): 87–91 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Boutros T, Croze E, Yong VW. Interferon-β is a potent promoter of nerve growth factor production by astrocytes. J Neurochem 1997; 69: 939–46 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Plioplys AV, Massimini N. Alpha/beta interferon is a neuronal growth factor. Neuroimmunomodulation 1995; 2(1): 31–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neuhaus O, Farina C, Wekerle H, et al. Mechanisms of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2001; 56: 702–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gran B, Tranquill LR, Chen M, et al. Mechanisms of immunomodulation by glatiramer acetate. Neurology 2000; 5556: 1704–14 Article Google Scholar
Sela M, Teitelbaum D. Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2001; 2(7): 1149–65 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Miller A, Shapiro S, Gershtein R, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with copolymer-1 (Copaxone): implicating mechanisms of Th1 to Th2/Th3 immune-deviation. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 92(1–2): 113–21 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Neuhaus O, Farina C, Yassouridis A, et al. Multiple sclerosis: comparison of copolymer-1-reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2000; 97(13): 7452–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Duda PW, Schmied MC, Cook SL, et al. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 967–76 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Allie R, Hu L, Mullen KM, et al. Bystander modulation of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes mediated by glatiramer therapy. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 889–94 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Prat A, Biernacki K, Antel JP. Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte migration across the human BBB is specifically regulated by interferon-β and copolymer-1. J Autoimmun 2005; 24: 119–24 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Dabbert D, Rosner S, Kramer M, et al. Glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1)-specific, human T cell lines: cytokine profile and suppression of T cell lines reactive against myelin basic protein. Neurosci Lett 2000; 289(3): 205–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Burns J, Littlefield K. Failure of copolymer I to inhibit the human T-cell response to myelin basic protein. Neurology 1991; 41(8): 1317–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ziemssen T. Neuroprotection and glatiramer acetate: the possible role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004; 541: 111–34 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ziemssen T, Kumpfel T, Klinkert WE, et al. Glatiramer acetate-specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain 2002; 125 (Pt 11): 2381–91 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Neuhaus O. Multiple sclerosis: immunological effects of mitoxantrone in vitro reveal antigen-presenting cells as major targets [abstract]. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9Suppl. 2: 130 Google Scholar
Fidler JM, DeJoy SQ, Gibbons JJ. Selective immunomodulation by the antineo-plastic agent mitoxantrone: I. Suppression of B lymphocyte function. J Immunol 1986; 137(2): 727–32 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Gbadamosi J, Buhmann C, Tessmer W, et al. Effects of mitoxantrone on multiple sclerosis patients’ lymphocyte subpopulations and production of immunoglobulin, TNF-alpha and IL-10. Eur Neurol 2003; 49: 137–41 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Berger JR, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and natalizumab: unforseen consequences. N Eng J Med. Epub 2005 Jun 9
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis. N Eng J Med. Epub 2005 Jun 9
Langer-Gould A, Atlas SW, Bollen AW, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab. N Eng J Med. Epub 2005 Jun 9
Van Assche G, van Ranst M, Sciot R, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn’s disease. N Eng J Med. Epub 2005 Jun 9
Goldblum R, Messersmith E, Freedman S, et al. Mechanism of action (MOA) of natalizumab in inflammatory conditions [presentation nr 764; poster board nr 144]. American College of Rheumatology 68th Annual Scientific Meeting; 2004 Oct 16–21; Texas [online]. Available from URL: http://www.abstractsonline.com [Accessed 2005 Aug 19]
Tubridy N, Behan PO, Capildeo R, et al. The effect of anti-α4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS. Neurology 1999; 53: 466–72 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Qian F, Vaux DL, Weissman IL. Expression of the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 on melanoma cells can inhibit the invasive stage of metastasis formation. Cell 1994, 77335
Zhu Z, Sanchez-Sweatman O, Huang X, et al. Anoikis and metastatic potential of cloudman S91 melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 1707–16 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Moreau T, Coles A, Wing M, et al. CAMPATH-IH in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 1996; 1: 357–65 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Paolillo A, Coles AJ, Molyneux PD, et al. Quantitative MRI in patients with secondary progressive MS treated with monoclonal antibody campath 1H. Neurology 1999; 53: 751–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Moreau T, Coles A, Wing M, et al. Transient increase in symptoms associated with cytokine release in patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 1996; 119: 225–37 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Bieber AJ, Kerr S, Rodriguez M. Efficient central nervous system remyelination requires T cells. Ann Neurol 2003; 53(5): 680–4 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Bjartmar C, Trapp BD. Azonal degeneration and progressive neurologic disability in multiple sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2003; 5(1-2): 157–64 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar