Prevalence of CKD in Northeastern Italy: Results of the... : Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (original) (raw)

Original Articles: Original Articles

Results of the INCIPE Study and Comparison with NHANES

Gambaro, Giovanni*,†; Yabarek, Tewoldemedhn*; Graziani, Maria Stella‡; Gemelli, Alessandro§; Abaterusso, Cataldo*; Frigo, Anna Chiara‖; Marchionna, Nicola*; Citron, Lorenzo§; Bonfante, Luciana§; Grigoletto, Francesco‖; Tata, Salvatore§; Ferraro, Pietro Manuel†; Legnaro, Angelo§; Meneghel, Gina¶; Conz, Piero**; Rizzotti, Paolo‡,a; D'Angelo, Angela§; Lupo, Antonio* for the INCIPE Study Group

*Division of Nephrology, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, and

‡Central Laboratory, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Azienda Ospedaliera-University of Verona, Verona, Italy;

§Division of Nephrology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, and

‖Section of Statistics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;

¶Division of Nephrology of the Dolo General Hospital, Dolo-Venice, Italy;

**Division of Nephrology of the Monselice General Hospital, Monselice-Padova, Italy; and

†Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Institute of Internal Medicine, Renal Program, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome, Italy

Correspondence: Dr. Giovanni Gambaro, Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Istituto di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Complesso Integrato Columbus-Policlinico Gemelli, Via Moscati, 34-38, 00176 Rome, Italy. Phone: +39 06 3503434; Fax: +39 06 3503428; E-mail: [email protected]

aDeceased.

Received March 14, 2010

Accepted July 16, 2010

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sufficiently powered studies to investigate the CKD prevalence are few and do not cover southern Europe.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements: For the INCIPE study, 6200 Caucasian patients ≥40 years old were randomly selected in northeastern Italy in 2006. Laboratory determinations were centralized. The albumin to creatinine ratio in urine and estimated GFR from calibrated creatinine (SCr) were determined. A comparison with 2001 through 2006 NHANES surveys was performed.

Results: Prevalence of CKD was 13.2% in northeastern (NE) Italy (age and gender standardized to the U.S. 2007 Caucasian population). Prevalence of CKD in U.S. Caucasians is higher (20.3%), the major difference being in CKD 3. Risk factors for CKD are more prevalent in the United States than in Italy. With use of CKD 3a and 3b stages, CKD prevalence decreased in NE Italy (8.5%) and in the United States (12.8%).

Conclusions: The prevalence of CKD is high in NE Italy, but lower than that in the United States. A large part of the difference in CKD prevalence in NE Italy versus that in the United States is due to the different prevalence of CKD 3. The higher prevalence of a number of renal risk factors in persons from the United States explains in part the different dimensions of the CKD problem in the two populations.