Further considerations on the cult of Kybele | Anatolian Studies | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)

Extract

Modern scholarship has produced a large volume of literature on the Phrygian goddess Kybele. The image of the Great Mother-Goddess, both on European and on Anatolian soil, has long attracted scholarly attention. Besides works that have become classics (Graillot 1912; Vermaseren 1977), I will list just a few more recent studies (Naumann 1983; Borgeaud 1996; Işık 1999; Roller 1999). The representations of Kybele are gathered in the eight volume Corpus by M J Vermaseren (most valuable for the present study being volumes 1 and 2: Vermaseren 1982; 1987). Numerous articles are devoted to different aspects of Kybele's figure and cult. All contributions to the subject must take into consideration the recent exhaustive study on the Mother cult in Phrygia, Greece and Rome by L E Roller (1999). The present paper aims at offering another point of view on some disputable questions and at introducing new comparative material.

References

Akkaya, M 1992: ‘Objets phrygiens en bronze du tumulus de Kaynarca’ in Le Guen-Pollet, BPelon, O (eds), La Cappadoce méridionale jusqu’ à la fin de l'époque romaine: état des recherches. Actes du Collogue d'Istanbul 1987. Paris: 25–7Google Scholar

Bader, F 1990: ‘Autobiographic et héritage dans la langue des dieux: d'Homère a Hésiode et Pindar’ Revue des études grecques 103: 383–408CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bammer, A, Muss, U 1996: Das Artemision von Ephesos. Das Welwunder Ioniens in archaischer und klassischer Zeit Mainz am RheinGoogle Scholar

Berndt-Ersöz, S 1998: ‘Phrygian rock-cut facades: a study of the function of the so-called shaft monuments’ Anatolian Studies 48: 87–112Google Scholar

Boardman, J 1961/1962: ‘Ionian bronze belts’ Anatolia 6: 179–89Google Scholar

Boardman, J 1967: Excavations in Chios 1952–1955. Greek Emporio. LondonGoogle Scholar

Borgeaud, P 1996: La Mère des dieux. De Cybèle a la Vierge Marie. SeuilGoogle Scholar

Brixhe, C 1979: ‘Le nom de Cybèle. L'antiquité avaitelle raison?’ Die Sprache 25.1: 40–5Google Scholar

Brixhe, C, Lejeune, M 1984: Corpus des inscriptions paléo-phrygiennes. T.I-II. ParisGoogle Scholar

Brouwer, H H J 1989: Bona Dea. The Sources and a Description of a Cult. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, CologneCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buluç, S 1988: ‘The architectural use of the animal and Kybele reliefs found in Ankara and its vicinity’ Source 7.3/4: 16–23Google Scholar

Collart, P, Ducrey, P 1975: ‘Philippes I. Les reliefs rupestres’ Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Supplement 2: 1–267Google Scholar

Corsten, T 1987: Die Inschriften von Apameia (Bithynien) und Pylai (Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 32). BonnGoogle Scholar

Cox, C W M, Cameron, A 1937: Monumentae Asiae Minoris Antiquae V. Monuments from Dorylaeum and Nacolea. ManchesterGoogle Scholar

Delev, P 1984: ‘Megalithic Thracian tombs in south-eastern Bulgaria’ Anatolica 11: 17–45Google Scholar

DeVries, K 1988: ‘Gordion and Phrygia in the sixth century BC’ Source 7.3/4: 51–9Google Scholar

Drachmann, A B 1997: Scholia vetera in Pindari Carmina (vol 2). LipsiaeGoogle Scholar

Drews, R 1993: ‘Myths of Midas and the Phrygian migration from Europe’ Klio 75: 9–26Google Scholar

Fleischer, R 1973: Artemis von Ephesos und verwandte Kultstatuen aus Anatolien und Syrien. LeidenGoogle Scholar

Fol, A (ed) 1976: Trakiiski pametnitsi I. Megalitite v Trakia. 1. SofiaGoogle Scholar

Fol, A (ed) 1982: Trakiiski pametnitsi 3. Megalitite v Trakia. 2. SofiaGoogle Scholar

Fol, A 1988: ‘Thracian Orphism’ Bulgarian Historical Review 3: 57–71Google Scholar

Fol, A 1994: Trakiiskiat Dionis. Kniga vtora: Sabazii SofiaGoogle Scholar

Fol, V 1993: Skalata konyat i ogunyat: ranna traküska obrednost. SofiaGoogle Scholar

Fol, V 1998: ‘Megaliths in Thrace and Phrygia’ in Tuna, N, Akture, Z, Lynch, M (eds), Thracians and Phrygians: Problems of Parallelism. Proceedings of an International Symposium on the Archaeology, History and Ancient Languages of Thrace and Phrygia. Ankara, 3–4 June 1995. Ankara: 19–27Google Scholar

Fol, V 2000: Megalitni i skalno-izsecheni pametnitsi v drevna Trakia. SofiaGoogle Scholar

Francovich, G de 1990: Santuari e tombe rupestri dell'antica Frigia. E un'indagine sulle tombe della Licia. RomeGoogle Scholar

Gasparro, G S 1978: ‘Connotazioni metroache di Demetra nel coro dell'“Elena” (vv. 1301–1365)’ in de Boer, M B, Edridge, T A (eds), Hommages a Maarten J Vermaseren (vol 3). Leiden: 1148–87Google Scholar

Gasparro, G S 1985: Soteriology and Mystic Aspects in the Cult of Cybele and Attis. LeidenGoogle Scholar

Graf, F 1985: Nordionische Kulte. Religionsgeschichtliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Kulten von Chios, Erythrai, Klazomenai und Phokaia (Bibliotheca Helvetica Romana 21). VeveyGoogle Scholar

Graillot, H 1912: Culte de Cybele Mère des Dieux a Rome et dans l'Empire Romain. ParisGoogle Scholar

Haspels, C E H 1971: The Highlands of Phrygia. Sites and Monuments (vol 1–2). PrincetonGoogle Scholar

Henrichs, A 1976: ‘Despoina Kybele: ein Beitrag zur religiosen Namenkunde’ Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 80: 253–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henrickson, R C 1994: ‘Continuity and discontinuity in the ceramic tradition of Gordion during the Iron Age’ in Çilingiroğlu, A, French, D H (eds) Anatolian Iron Ages 3. Ankara: 95–129Google Scholar

Huxley, G L 1959: ‘Titles of Midas’ Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 2.2: 85–99Google Scholar

Işik, F 1995: Die offenen Felsheiligtümer Urartus und ihre Beziehungen zu denen der Hethiter und Phryger (Documenta Asiana 2). RomeGoogle Scholar

Işik, F 1999: Doğa Ana Kubaba. Tanriçalarm Ege'de buluşmasi. Istanbul‘ Journal of Field Archaeology 17.1: 69–87Google Scholar

Simpson, E 1998: ‘Symbols on the Gordion screens’ in Erkanal, H, Donbaz, V, Uğuroğlu, A (eds), 34 International Assyriology Congress, 6–10.7.1987 Istanbul. Ankara: 629–39Google Scholar

Simpson, E, Spirydowicz, K 1999: Gordion Wooden Furniture. AnkaraGoogle Scholar

Triandaphillos, D 1983: ‘Les monuments mégalithiques en Thrace Occidentale’ Pulpudeva 4: 145–63Google Scholar

Triandaphillos, D 1992: ‘La civilisation mégalithique de la Thrace du Sud’ in Dragàn, C, Fol, A, Mastrelli, C A (eds), 6 Symposium Internazionale di Tracologia. Firenze 11–13 maggio 1989. Rome, Milan: 141–55Google Scholar

Turcan, R 1992: ‘L'élaboration des mystères dionysiaques a l'époque hellenistique et romaine: de l'orgiasme a l'initiation’ in Moreau, A M (ed), L'initiation. Actes du colloque international de Montpellier 11–14 avril 1991. T. 1. Les rites d'adolescence et les mysteres. Montpellier: 215–33Google Scholar

van der Weiden, M J H 1991: The Dithyrambs of Pindar. Introduction, Text and Commentary. AmsterdamGoogle Scholar

Vassileva, M 1995: ‘PAREDROI or once again on the Phrygian rock thrones’ in Jordanov, K, Popov, D, Porozhanov, K (eds), Thracia 11. Studia in Honorem Alexandri Fol. Serdicae: 265–76Google Scholar

Vassileva, M 1997: ‘King Midas: between the Balkans and Asia Minor’ Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 23/2: 9–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vassileva, M 1997a: ‘Thrace and Phrygia. Some problems of the megalithic culture’ in, Actes 2e Symposium International des etudes thraciennes. Thrace ancienne. Vol 1 Epoque archaique, classique, hellenistique, romaine. Komotini 20–27 septembre 1992 (Association Culturelle de Komotini). Komotini: 193–8Google Scholar

Velkov, V 1984: ‘Die Thrakische Stadt Kabyle’ in Peschew, A, Popov, D, Jordanov, K, von Bredow, I (eds), Drifter internationaler Thrakologischer Kongress zu Ehren W. Tomascheks 2–6 Juni 1980 Wien (Bd. 2). Sofia: 213–17Google Scholar

Vermaseren, M J 1982: Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. 2. Graecia atque insulae. LeidenGoogle Scholar

Vermaseren, M J 1987: Corpus Cultus Cybelae Attidisque. 1. Asia Minor. LeidenGoogle Scholar

Versnel, H S 1990: Inconsistencies in Greek and Roman Religion 1. Ter Unus. Isis, Dionysos, Hermes. Three Studies in Henotheism. Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, CologneGoogle Scholar

Völlig, T 1998: ‘Ein Phrygische Gürtel aus Olympia’ Achaologische Anzeiger 2: 243–52Google Scholar

Young, R S 1966: ‘The Gordion campaign of 1965’ American Journal of Archaeology 70: 267–78Google Scholar

Young, R S 1981: Three Great Early Tumuli. The Gordion Excavations Final Reports (vol 1). PennsylvaniaGoogle Scholar

Zgusta, L 1982: ‘Weiteres zum Namen der Kybele’ Die Sprache 28: 171–2Google Scholar