Probability judgment and subadditivity: The role of working memory capacity and constraining retrieval (original) (raw)

References

• Baddeley, A. D. (1993). Working memory or working attention? In A. D. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.),Attention: Selection, awareness, and control: A tribute to Donald Broadbent (pp. 152–170). New York: Oxford University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., &Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.),The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Budescu, D. V., Weinberg, S., &Wallsten, T. S. (1988). Decisions based on numerically and verbally expressed uncertainties.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance,14, 281–294.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cacioppo, J. T., &Petty, R. E. (1981). Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing technique. In T. V. Merluzzi, C.R. Glass, & M. Genest (Eds.),Cognitive assessment (pp. 309–342). New York: Guilford.
  Google Scholar
• Conway, A. R. A., Cowan, N., &Bunting, M. F. (2001). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity.Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,8, 331–335.
  Article Google Scholar
• Conway, A. R. A., &Engle, R. W. (1996). Individual differences in working memory capacity: More evidence for a general capacity theory.Memory,4, 577–590.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. (1999). An embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Miyake & P. Shah (Eds.),Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 62–101). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity.Behavioral & Brain Sciences,24, 87–185.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dougherty, M. R. P. (2001). Integration of the ecological and error models of overconfidence using a multiple-trace memory model.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,130, 579–599.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dougherty, M. R. P., Gettys, C. F., &Ogden, E. E. (1999). Minerva-DM: A memory processes model for judgments of likelihood.Psychological Review,106, 180–209.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dougherty, M. R. P., Gettys, C. F., &Thomas, R. P. (1997). The role of mental simulation in judgments of likelihood.Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes,70, 135–148.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dougherty, M. R. P., &Hunter, J. E. (2003). Hypothesis generation, probability judgment, and individual differences in working memory capacity.Acta Psychologica, 113, 263–282.
  Article Google Scholar
• Elstein, A. S., Shulman, L. S., &Sprafka, S. A. (1978).Medical problem solving: An analysis of clinical reasoning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W. (1996). Working memory and retrieval: An inhibitionresource approach. In J. T. E. Richardson, R. W. Engle, L. Hasher, R. H. Logie, E. R. Stoltzfus, & R. T. Zacks (Eds.)Working memory and human cognition (pp. 89–119). New York: Oxford University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention.Current Directions in Psychological Science,11, 19–23.
  Article Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Tuholski, S. W., Laughlin, J. E., &Conway, A. R. A. (1999). Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,128, 309–331.
  Article Google Scholar
• Fisher, S. D., Gettys, C. F., Manning, C., Mehle, T., &Baca, S. (1983). Consistency checking hypothesis generation.Organizational Behavior & Human Performance,31, 233–254.
  Article Google Scholar
• Fox, C. R., &Rottenstreich, Y. (2003). Partition priming in judgment under uncertainty.Psychological Science,14, 195–200.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Fox, C. R., &Tversky, A. (1998). A belief-based account of decision under uncertainty.Management Science,44, 879–895.
  Article Google Scholar
• Gettys, C. F., &Fisher, S. D. (1979). Hypothesis plausibility and hypothesis generation.Organizational Behavior & Human Performance,24, 93–110.
  Article Google Scholar
• Gettys, C. F., Mehle, T., &Fisher, S. (1986). Plausibility assessments in hypothesis generation.Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes,37, 14–33.
  Article Google Scholar
• Hintzman, D. L. (1988). Judgments of frequency and recognition memory in a multiple-trace memory model.Psychological Review,96, 528–551.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kane, M. J., Bleckley, M. K., Conway, A. R., &Engle, R. A. (2001). A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,130, 169–183.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kane, M. J., &Engle, R. W. (2000). Working-memory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,26, 336–358.
  Article Google Scholar
• Koehler, D. J. (2000). Probability judgment in three-category classification learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,26, 28–52.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mehle, T. (1982). Hypothesis generation in an automobile malfunction inference task.Acta Psychologica,52, 87–106.
  Article Google Scholar
• Mulford, M., &Dawes, R. M. (1999). Subadditivity in memory for personal events.Psychological Science,10, 47–51.
  Article Google Scholar
• Rosen, V. M., &Engle, R. W. (1997). The role of working memory capacity in retrieval.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,126, 211–227.
  Article Google Scholar
• Svenson, O., &Benson, L., III (1993). Framing and time pressure in decision making. In O. Svenson & A. J. Maule (Eds.),Time pressure and stress in human judgment and decision making (pp. 133–144). New York: Plenum.
  Google Scholar
• Turner, M. L., &Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent?Journal of Memory & Language,28, 127–154.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tversky A., &Koehler, D. J. (1994). Support theory: A nonextensional representation of subjective probability.Psychological Review,101, 547–567.
  Article Google Scholar
• Wallsten, T. S., Budescu, D. V., &Zwick, R. (1993). Comparing the calibration and coherence of numerical and verbal probabilistic judgments.Management Science,39, 176–190.
  Article Google Scholar
• Windschitl, P. D., &Wells, G. L. (1998). The alternative-outcomes effect.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology,75, 1441–1423.
  Article Google Scholar
• Windschitl, P. D., &Young, M. E. (2001). The influence of alternative outcomes on gut-level perceptions of certainty.Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes,85, 109–134.
  Article Google Scholar
• Windschitl, P. D., Young, M. E., &Jensen, M. E. (2002). Likelihood judgment based on previously observed outcomes: The alternativeoutcomes effect in a learning paradigm.Memory & Cognition,30, 469–477.
  Article Google Scholar

Download references