Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis (original) (raw)

References

• Baddeley, A. D. (1983). Working memory.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,302, 311–324.
  Article Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D. (1986).Working memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A. D., &Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. A. Bower (Ed.),The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47–90). New York: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Baddeley, A.[D.], Logie, R.[H.], Nimmo-Smith, I., &Brereton, N. (1985). Components of fluent reading.Journal of Memory & Language,24, 119–131.
  Article Google Scholar
• Baker, L. (1985). Working memory and comprehension: A replication.Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society,23, 28–30.
  Google Scholar
• Bock, K., &Miller, C. A. (1991). Broken agreement.Cognitive Psychology,23, 45–93.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Byrd, M. (1993). Adult age differences in the ability to write prose passages.Educational Gerontology,19, 375–393.
  Article Google Scholar
• Calvo, M. G., Ramos, P. M., &Estevez, A. (1992). Test anxiety and comprehension efficiency: The role of prior knowledge and working memory deficits.Anxiety, Stress, & Coping,5, 125–138.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cantor, J., Engle, R. W., &Hamilton, G. (1991). Short-term memory, working memory, and verbal abilities: How do they relate?Intelligence,15, 229–246.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cariglia-Bull, T., &Pressley, M. (1990). Short-term memory differences between children predict imagery effects when sentences are read.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,49, 384–398.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Carpenter, P. A., &Just, M. A. (1989). The role of working memory in language comprehension. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.),Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 1075–1122). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Chen, H.-C. (1986). Effects of reading span and textual coherence on rapid-sequential reading.Memory & Cognition,14, 202–208.
  Article Google Scholar
• Cherry, K. E., &Park, D. C. (1993). Individual difference and contextual variables influence spatial memory in younger and older adults.Psychology & Aging,8, 517–526.
  Article Google Scholar
• Clarkson-Smith, L., &Hartley, A. A. (1990). The game of bridge as an exercise in working memory and reasoning.Journals of Gerontology,45, P233-P238.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Daneman, M. (1982). The measurement of reading comprehension: How not to trade construct validity for predictive power.Intelligence,6, 331–345.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M. (1987). Reading and working memory. In J. Beech & A. Colley (Eds.),Cognitive approaches to reading (pp. 57–86). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.
  Google Scholar
• Daneman, M. (1988a). How reading braille is both like and unlike reading print.Memory & Cognition,16, 497–504.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M. (1988b). Word knowledge and reading skill. In M. Daneman, G. E. MacKinnon, & T. G. Waller (Eds.),Reading research: Advances in theory and practice (Vol. 6, pp. 145–175). San Diego: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Daneman, M. (1991). Working memory as a predictor of verbal fluency.Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,20, 445–464.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M., &Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,19, 450–466.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M., &Carpenter, P. A. (1983). Individual differences in integrating information between and within sentences.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,9, 561–584.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M., &Green, I. (1986). Individual differences in comprehending and producing words in context.Journal of Memory & Language,25, 1–18.
  Article Google Scholar
• Daneman, M.,Nemeth, S.,Stainton, M., &Huelsmann, K. (in press). Working memory as a predictor of reading achievement in orally educated hearing-impaired children.Volta Review.
• Daneman, M., &Tardif, T. (1987). Working memory and reading skill re-examined. In M. Coltheart (Ed.),Attention and performance XII (pp. 491–508). London: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Das-Smaal, E. A., De Jong, P. F., &Koopmans, J. R. (1993). Working memory, attentional regulation, and the star counting test.Personality & Individual Differences,14, 815–824.
  Article Google Scholar
• Dempster, F. N. (1985). Short-term memory development in childhood and adolescence. In C. J. Brainerd & M. Pressley (Eds.),Basic processes in memory development: Progress in cognitive development research (pp. 209–248). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  Google Scholar
• Dixon, P., LeFevre, J., &Twilley, L. C. (1988). Word knowledge and working memory as predictors of reading skill.Journal of Educational Psychology,80, 465–472.
  Article Google Scholar
• Drevenstedt, J., &Bellezza, F. S. (1993). Memory for selfgenerated narration in the elderly.Psychology & Aging,8, 187–196.
  Article Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Cantor, J., &Carullo, J. J. (1992). Individual differences in working memory and comprehension: A test of four hypotheses.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,18, 972–992.
  Article Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Carullo, J. J., &Collins, K. W. (1991). Individual differences in working memory for comprehension and following directions.Journal of Educational Research,84, 253–262.
  Google Scholar
• Engle, R. W., Nations, J. K., &Cantor, J. (1990). Is “working memory capacity” just another name for word knowledge?Journal of Educational Psychology,82, 799–804.
  Article Google Scholar
• Farnham-Diggory, S., &Gregg, L. W. (1975). Short-term memory function in young readers.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,19, 279–298.
  Article Google Scholar
• Frisk, V., &Milner, B. (1990). The relationship of working memory to the immediate recall of stories following unilateral temporal or frontal lobectomy.Neuropsychologia,28, 121–135.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Gathercole, S. E., &Baddeley, A. D. (1993).Working memory and language. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Gaulin, C. A., &Campbell, T. F. (1994). Procedure for assessing verbal working memory in normal school-age children: Some preliminary data.Perceptual & Motor Skills,79, 55–64.
  Google Scholar
• Haenggi, D., &Perfetti, C. A. (1994). Processing components of college-level reading comprehension.Discourse Processes,17, 83–104.
  Article Google Scholar
• Hartley, J. (1986). Reader and text variables as determinants of discourse memory in adulthood.Psychology & Aging,1, 150–158.
  Article Google Scholar
• Hartley, J. (1988). Aging and individual differences in memory for written discourse. In L. L. Light & D. M. Burke (Eds.),Language, memory, and aging (pp. 36–57). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Hedges, L. V., &Olkin, I. (1985).Statistical methods for metaanalysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
  Google Scholar
• Hess, T. M., &Tate, C. S. (1992). Direct and indirect assessments of memory for script-based narratives in young and older adults.Cognitive Development,7, 467–484.
  Article Google Scholar
• Holland, C. A., &Rabbitt, P. M. A. (1990). Autobiographical and text recall in the elderly: An investigation of a processing resource deficit.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,42A, 441–470.
  Google Scholar
• Hunt, E. (1980). Intelligence as an information-processing concept.British Journal of Psychology,71, 449–474.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Hupert, M., Nef, F., &Maroy, M. (1992). Étude comparative du langage spontané d’adultes jeunes et agés.L’Année Psychologique,92, 511–526.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jackson, M. D., &McClelland, J. L. (1979). Processing determinants of reading speed.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,108, 151–181.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jurden, F. H. (1995). Individual differences in working memory and complex cognition.Journal of Educational Psychology,87, 93–102.
  Article Google Scholar
• Jurden, F. H., &Reese, H. W. (1992). Educational context differences in prose recall in adulthood.Journal of Genetic Psychology,153, 275–291.
  Google Scholar
• Just, M. A., &Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension.Psychological Review,4, 329–354.
  Article Google Scholar
• Just, M. A., &Carpenter, P. A. (1992). A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory.Psychological Review,99, 122–149.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• King, J., &Just, M. A. (1991). Individual differences in syntactic processing: The role of working memory.Journal of Memory & Language,30, 580–602.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kintsch, W., &van Dijk, T. A. (1978). Toward a model of text comprehension.Psychological Review,85, 363–394.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kyllonen, P. C. (1993). Aptitude testing inspired by information processing: A test of the four-sources model.Journal of General Psychology,120, 375–405.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kyllonen, P. C., &Christal, R. E. (1990). Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!Intelligence,14, 389–433.
  Article Google Scholar
• La Pointe, L. B., &Engle, R. W. (1990). Simple and complex word spans as measures of working memory capacity.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,16, 1118–1133.
  Article Google Scholar
• Leather, C. V., &Henry, L. A. (1994). Working memory span and phonological awareness tasks as predictors of early reading ability.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,58, 88–111.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Lee-Sammons, W. H., &Whitney, P. (1991). Reading perspectives and memory for text: An individual differences analysis.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,17, 1074–1081.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lehrer, R., Guckenberg, T., &Lee, O. (1988). Comparative study of cognitive consequences of inquiry-based logo instruction.Journal of Educational Psychology,80, 543–553.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lehrer, R., &Littlefield, J. (1993). Relationships among cognitive components in logo learning and transfer.Journal of Educational Psychology,85, 317–330.
  Article Google Scholar
• Light, L. L., &Anderson, P. A. (1985). Working-memory capacity, age, and memory for discourse.Journal of Gerontology,40, 737–747.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Logie, R. [H.], Baddeley, A. D., Mané, A. M., Donchin, E., &Sheptak, R. (1989). Working memory in the acquisition of complex cognitive skills.Acta Psychologica,71, 53–87.
  Article Google Scholar
• Logie, R. H., Gilhooly, K. J., &Wynn, V. (1994). Counting on working memory in arithmetic problem solving.Memory & Cognition,22, 395–410.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lyxell, B., &Rönnberg, J. (1993). The effects of background noise and working memory capacity on speechreading performance.Scandinavian Audiology,22, 67–70.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Masson, M. E. J., &Miller, J. A. (1983). Working memory and individual differences in comprehension and memory of text.Journal of Educational Psychology,75, 314–318.
  Article Google Scholar
• Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., &Pribram, K. H. (1960).Plans and the structure of behavior. New York: Holt.
  Book Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D. C. (1982).The process of reading: A cognitive analysis of f luent reading and learning to read. New York: Wiley.
  Google Scholar
• Morrow, D. G., Leirer, V. O., &Altieri, P. A. (1992). Aging, expertise, and narrative processing.Psychology & Aging,7, 376–388.
  Article Google Scholar
• Norman, S., Kemper, S., &Kynette, D. (1992). Adults’ reading comprehension: Effects of syntactic complexity and working memory.Journals of Gerontology,47, P258-P265.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Perfetti, C. A., &Goldman, S. R. (1976). Discourse memory and reading comprehension skill.Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior,15, 33–42.
  Article Google Scholar
• Perfetti, C. A., &Lesgold, A. M. (1977). Discourse comprehension and sources of individual differences. In M. A. Just & P. A. Carpenter (Eds.),Cognitive processes in comprehension (pp. 141–183). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  Google Scholar
• Pratt, M. W., Boyes, C., Robins, S., &Manchester, J. (1989). Telling tales: Aging, working memory, and the narrative cohesion of story retellings.Developmental Psychology,25, 628–635.
  Article Google Scholar
• Radvansky, G. A., Gerard, L. D., Zacks, R. T., &Hasher, L. (1990). Younger and older adults’ use of mental models as representations for text materials.Psychology & Aging,5, 209–214.
  Article Google Scholar
• Rankin, J. L. (1993). Information-processing differences of collegeage readers differing in reading comprehension and speed.Journal of Reading Behavior,25, 261–278.
  Google Scholar
• Rizzo, N. D. (1939). Studies in visual and auditory memory span with special reference to reading disability.Journal of Experimental Education,8, 208–244.
  Google Scholar
• Rönnberg, J., Arlinger, S., Lyxell, B., &Kinnefors, C. (1989). Visual evoked potentials: Relative to adult speechreading and cognitive functions.Journal of Speech & Hearing Research,32, 725–735.
  Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, R. (1991).Meta-analytic procedures for social research (rev. ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A., &Babcock, R. L. (1991). Decomposing adult age differences in working memory.Developmental Psychology,27, 763–776.
  Article Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A., &Kersten, A. W. (1993). Decomposing adult age differences in symbol arithmetic.Memory & Cognition,21, 699–710.
  Article Google Scholar
• Salthouse, T. A., Mitchell, D. R. D., Skovronek, E., &Babcock, R. L. (1989). Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial abilities.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,15, 507–516.
  Article Google Scholar
• Shah, P., &Miyake, A. (1996). The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: An individual differences approach.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,125, 4–27.
  Article Google Scholar
• Shute, V. J. (1991). Who is likely to acquire programming skills?Journal of Educational Computing Research,7, 1–24.
  Article Google Scholar
• Singer, M., Andrusiak, P., Reisdorf, P., &Black, N. L. (1992). Individual differences in bridging inference processes.Memory & Cognition,20, 539–548.
  Article Google Scholar
• Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things.American Journal of Psychology,15, 72–101.
  Article Google Scholar
• Staver, J. R., &Jacks, T. (1988). The influence of cognitive reasoning level, cognitive restructuring ability, disembedding ability, working memory capacity, and prior knowledge on students’ performance on balancing equations by inspection.Journal of Research in Science Teaching,25, 763–775.
  Article Google Scholar
• Stine, E. A. L., Lachman, M. E., &Wingfield, A. (1993). The roles of perceived and actual control in memory for spoken language.Educational Gerontology,19, 331–349.
  Article Google Scholar
• Stine, E. [A.] L., &Wingfield, A. (1987). Process and strategy in memory for speech among younger and older adults.Psychology & Aging,2, 272–279.
  Article Google Scholar
• Stine, E. A. L., Wingfield, A., &Myers, S. D. (1990). Age differences in processing information from television news: The effects of bisensory augmentation.Journals of Gerontology,45, P1-P8.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Swanson, H. L. (1992). Generality and modifiability of working memory among skilled and less skilled readers.Journal of Educational Psychology,84, 473–488.
  Article Google Scholar
• Swanson, H. L. (1993). Working memory in learning disability subgroups.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,56, 87–114.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Swanson, H. L., Cochran, K. F., &Ewers, C. A. (1989). Working memory in skilled and less skilled readers.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,17, 145–156.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. L., Yesavage, J. A., Morrow, D. G., Dolhert, N., Brooks, J. O., &Poon, L. W. (1994). The effects of information load and speech rate on younger and older aircraft pilots’ ability to execute simulated air-traffic controller instructions.Journals of Gerontology,49, P191-P200.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Tirre, W. C., &Pena, C. M. (1992). Investigation of functional working memory in the reading span test.Journal of Educational Psychology,84, 462–472.
  Article Google Scholar
• Tompkins, C. A., Bloise, C. G. R., Timko, M. L., &Baumgaertner, A. (1994). Working memory and inference revision in brain-damaged and normally aging adults.Journal of Speech & Hearing Research,37, 896–912.
  Google Scholar
• Tun, P. A., Wingfield, A., &Stine, E. A. L. (1991). Speechprocessing capacity in young and older adults: A dual-task study.Psychology & Aging,6, 3–9.
  Article Google Scholar
• Turner, M. L., &Engle, R. W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent?Journal of Memory & Language,28, 127–154.
  Article Google Scholar
• Wingfield, A., Stine, E. A. L., Lahar, C. J., &Aberdeen, J. S. (1988). Does the capacity of working memory change with age?Experimental Aging Research,14, 103–107.
  PubMed Google Scholar

Download references