The three-factor model of Internet addiction: The development of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (original) (raw)
References
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV ). Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar
Armstrong, L., Phillips, J. G., & Saling, L. L. (2000). Potential determinants of heavier Internet usage. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53, 537–550. Article Google Scholar
Bai, Y.-M., Lin, C.-C., & Chen, J.-Y. (2001). Internet addiction disorder among clients of a virtual clinic. Psychiatric Services, 52, 1397. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Beard, K. W. (2005). Internet addiction: A review of current assessment techniques and potential assessment questions. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 7–14. Article Google Scholar
Beard, K. W., & Wolf, E. M. (2001). Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4, 377–383. Article Google Scholar
Belsare, T. J., Gaffney, G. R., & Black, D. W. (1997). Compulsive computer use. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 289. PubMed Google Scholar
Blum, K., Braverman, E. R., Holder, J. M., Lubar, J. F., Monastra, V. J., Miller, D., et al. (2000). Reward deficiency syndrome: A biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32(Suppl. i–iv), 1–112. Google Scholar
Blum, K., Sheridan, P. J., Wood, R. C., Braverman, E. R., Chen, T. J., & Comings, D. E. (1995). Dopamine D2 receptor gene variants: Association and linkage studies in impulsive-addictive-compulsive behaviour. Pharmacogenetics, 5, 121–141. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: The first 90 days of the Internet Usage Survey. Psychological Reports, 80, 879–882. PubMed Google Scholar
Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial wellbeing: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553–575. Article Google Scholar
Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of Internet addiction and Internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 559–570. Google Scholar
Chou, C., Condron, L., & Belland, J. C. (2005). A review of the research on Internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 363–388. Article Google Scholar
Comings, D. E., & Blum, K. (2000). Reward deficiency syndrome: Genetic aspects of behavioral disorders. Progress in Brain Research, 126, 325–341. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Cronk, B. C., & West, J. L. (2002). Personality research on the Internet: A comparison of Web-based and traditional instruments in take-home and in-class settings. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34, 177–180. Article Google Scholar
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187–195. Article Google Scholar
Davis, R. A., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A. (2002). Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic Internet use: Implications for preemployment screening. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5, 331–345. Article Google Scholar
Demetrovics, Z. (2007). A droghasználat funkciói [The functions of drug use]. Budapest: Academic Press. Google Scholar
Goldberg, I. (1995). Internet addictive disorder (IAD) diagnostic criteria. Retrieved July 27, 2007, from www.psycom.net/iadcriteria.html.
Greenfield, D. N. (1999). Psychological characteristics of compulsive Internet use: A preliminary analysis. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2, 403–412. Article Google Scholar
Grezsa, F. S., Takács, Z., & Demetrovics, Z. (2001). www.necc.hu— Ifjúsági Mentálhigiénés Szolgálat az Interneten [www.necc.hu—An online youth mental health service]. Új Pedagógiai Szemle, 5, 115–120. Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLIII. Some comments on “Addictive use of the Internet” by Young. Psychological Reports, 80, 81–82. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. (2000). Does Internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 211–218. Article Google Scholar
Hansen, S. (2002). Excessive Internet usage or “Internet addiction”? The implications of diagnostic categories for student users. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18, 232–236. Article Google Scholar
Hollander, E. (1993). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: An overview. Psychiatric Annals, 23, 355–358. Google Scholar
Hollander, E., & Wong, C. M. (1995). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 56(Suppl. 4), 3–6; discussion 53-55. PubMed Google Scholar
Kandell, J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 11–17. Article Google Scholar
Ko, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Chen, C.-C., Chen, S.-H., Wu, K., & Yen, C.-F. (2006). Tridimensional personality of adolescents with Internet addiction and substance use experience. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 887–894. Google Scholar
Koch, W. H., & Pratarelli, M. E. (2004). Effects of intro/extraversion and sex on social Internet use. North American Journal of Psychology, 6, 371–382. Google Scholar
Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 49–74. Article Google Scholar
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017–1031. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kubey, R. W., Lavin, M. J., & Barrows, J. R. (2001). Internet use and collegiate academic performance decrements: Early findings. Journal of Communication, 51, 366–382. Article Google Scholar
Leung, L. (2004). Net-generation attributes and seductive properties of the Internet as predictors of online activities and Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 333–348. Article Google Scholar
Marks, I. (1990). Behavioural (non-chemical) addictions. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 1389–1394. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Mitchell, P. (2000). Internet addiction: Genuine diagnosis or not? Lancet, 355, 632. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Morahan-Martin, J. (2005). Internet abuse: Addiction? Disorder? Symptom? Alternative explanations? Social Science Computer Review, 23, 39–48. Article Google Scholar
Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16, 13–29. Article Google Scholar
Nalwa, K., & Anand, A. P. (2003). Internet addiction in students: A cause of concern. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6, 653–656. Article Google Scholar
Nichols, L. A., & Nicki, R. (2004). Development of a psychometrically sound Internet addiction scale: A preliminary step. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 381–384. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Nyikos, E., Szeredi, B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2001). Egy új viselkedéses addikció: Az Internethasználat személyiségpszichológiai korrelátumai [A new behavioral addiction: The personality psychological correlates of Internet use]. Pszichoterápia, 10, 168–182. Google Scholar
Pratarelli, M. E., & Browne, B. L. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of Internet use and addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5, 53–64. Article Google Scholar
Pratarelli, M. E., Browne, B. L., & Johnson, K. (1999). The bits and bytes of computer/Internet addiction: A factor analytic approach. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 305–314. Article Google Scholar
Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Jr., Khosla, U. M., & McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic Internet use. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, 267–272. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Shapira, N. A., Lessig, M. C., Goldsmith, T. D., Szabo, S. T., Lazoritz, M., Gold, M. S., & Stein, D. J. (2003). Problematic Internet use: Proposed classification and diagnostic criteria. Depression & Anxiety, 17, 207–216. Article Google Scholar
Treuer, T., Fábián, Z., & Füredi, J. (2001). Internet addiction associated with features of impulse control disorder: Is it a real psychiatric disorder? Journal of Affective Disorders, 66, 283. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Whang, L. S., Lee, S., & Chang, G. (2003). Internet over-users’ psychological profiles: A behavior sampling analysis on Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6, 143–150. Article Google Scholar
Widyanto, L., & McMurran, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the Internet addiction test. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 443–450. Article Google Scholar
Young, K. S. (1996). Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the Internet: A case that breaks the stereotype. Psychological Reports, 79, 899–902. PubMed Google Scholar
Young, K. S. (1998a). Caught in the Net: How to recognize the signs of Internet addiction—and a winning strategy for recovery. New York: Wiley. Google Scholar
Young, K. S. (1998b). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 237–244. Article Google Scholar
Young, K. S., & Rodgers, R. C. (1998). The relationship between depression and Internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 25–28. Article Google Scholar
Yuen, C. N., & Lavin, M. J. (2004). Internet dependence in the collegiate population: The role of shyness. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 379–383. Article Google Scholar