Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (original) (raw)

Table 1. General characteristics of the participants according to gender

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (%).

OSDI, ocular surface disease index; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; VDT, visual display terminal; DED, dry eye disease.

Table 2. Characteristics of study participants according to the presence of DED

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (%).

DED, dry eye disease; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; HbA1C, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; VDT, visual display terminal.

Table 3. Risk of any dry eye disease (DED) or moderate-to-severe DED according to serum vitamin D levels

Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).

Model 1, unadjusted; Model 2, adjusted for age and education level for the analysis of each gender, and additionally adjusted for gender for total participants; Model 3, adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, contact lens use, visual display terminal use, history of eye surgery, and education level, and additionally adjusted for gender for total participants.