Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (original) (raw)

Table 1. Prevalence of diabetes in patients with heart failure in the general population and in selected trials of heart failure

CHART, Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District; SOLVD, Effect of Enalapril on Survival in Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions and Congestive Heart Failure; MERIT-HF, Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure; CHARM, Effect of Candesartan for the Management of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure; SHIFT, Systolic Heart Failure Treatment with the If Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial; EMPHASIS-HF, Eplerenone in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure and Mild Symptoms; PARADIGM-HF, Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure; OPTIME, Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure; DAPAHF, Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Table 2. American Diabetes Association glycemic targets in adults [38]

HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.

Table 3. Summary of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials

Values are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).

ELIXA, Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome; LEADER, Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results; SUSTAIN-6, Semaglutide and Cardiovascular outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; EXSCEL, Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering; REWIND, Researching Cardiovascular Events with A Weekly Incretin in Diabetes; PIONEER-6, Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HF, heart failure; RF, risk factor; CV, cardiovascular; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event.

a

Composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina,

b

Composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke.

Table 4. Summary of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor cardiovascular outcome trials

Values are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).

SAVOR-TIMI, Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53; EXAMINE, Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes With Alogliptin Versus Standard of Care; TECOS, Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin; CARMELINA, Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study with Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; CAROLINA, Cardiovascular Outcome Study of Linagliptin versus Glimepiride in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; HF, heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; UL, upper limit of one-sided confidence interval.

a

Age was reported as means in all trials except EXAMINE, which reported median age,

b

Composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke with addition of hospitalization for unstable angina in TECOS trial.

Table 5. Summary of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcome trials

Values are presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).

EMPA-REG OUTCOME, Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients; CANVAS, Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes; DECLARE-TIMI 58, Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; CREDENCE, Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; DAPA-HF, Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction; SOLOIST-WHF, Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Recent Worsening Heart Failure; EMPEROR-Reduced, Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction; VERTIS-CV, Cardiovascular Outcomes with Ertugliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RF, risk factor; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; CV, cardiovascular.

a

Chronic kidney disease defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, >300 to 5,000 mg/g),

b

79.1% of patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction of <50%,

c

Composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death,

d

Progression is defined as the development of micro-albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] 30 to 300 mg/g) in participants with normoalbuminuria (UACR <30 mg/g) or macro-albuminuria (UACR >300 mg/g) in patients with micro-albuminuria,

e

Composite outcome of doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, renal or cardiovascular death,

f

Composite outcome of cardiovascular death, hospitalization due to heart failure, and urgent visit due to heart failure.