Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (original) (raw)

Fig. 1. The concept of diabetic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. GFR, glomerular filtration rate.

Fig. 2. The time course of current treatments. BENEDICT, Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial; IRMA-2, Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study; MARVAL, Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan; INNOVATION, Incident to overt: Angiotensin II receptor blocker, Telmisartan, Investigation On type II diabetic Nephropathy; RENAAL, Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan; IDNT, Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial; ROADMAP, Randomized Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention; J-DOIT3, Japan Diabetes Optimal Integrated Treatment study for 3 major risk factors of cardiovascular disease; CREDENCE, Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

Fig. 3. The time course of future treatments. LEADER, the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results; SUSTAIN-6, the preapproval Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes with Semaglutide in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes; AWARD-7, Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease; Nrf2, NF-E2–related factor 2; BEAM, 52-Week Bardoxolone Methyl Treatment: Renal Function in CKD/Type 2 Diabetes; BEACON, the Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Occurrence of Renal Events; TSUBAKI, the Phase II Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; AYAME, a Phase 3 Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease; HIF-PH, hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase; AGE, advanced glycation end-product; ACTION, the Aminoguanidine Clinical Trial in Overt Nephropathy; PYR, pyridoxamine.

Graphical abstract