Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (original) (raw)

Table 1Baseline characteristics of the non-NAFLD, NAFLD without advanced liver fibrosis and NAFLD with advanced liver fibrosis group

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; KITT, rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; CKD, chronic kidney disease.

a

Indicates P<0.05 compared with NAFLD (−),

b

Indicates P<0.05 compared with NAFLD without advanced liver fibrosis,

c

Statistically significant.

Table 2Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by the development of incident CKD

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; KITT, rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

a

Statistically significant.

Table 3Multivariable Cox regression analyses showing the associations between NAFLD and the risk of incident CKD among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Model 1: adjustment for age (age was applied as a categorical variable with median age of 58 years), sex, and body mass index; Model 2: Model 1+adjustment for duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, glycosylated hemoglobin level, total cholesterol level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 3: Model 2+adjustments for use of sulfonylurea, insulin, statin, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers; and Model 4: Model 3+adjustments for log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (KITT) value.

NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 4Multivariable Cox regression analyses showing associations of advanced liver fibrosis (defined by FIB-4 and NFS) and the risk of incident CKD among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD

Model 1: adjustment for age (age was applied as a categorical variable with median age of 58 years), sex, and body mass index; Model 2: Model 1+adjustment for duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, glycosylated hemoglobin level, total cholesterol level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 3: Model 2+adjustments for use of sulfonylurea, insulin, statin, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers; and Model 4: Model 3+adjustments for log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance (KITT) value.

FIB-4, fibrosis-4; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score; CKD, chronic kidney disease; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

a

Statistically significant.