Diabetes & Metabolism Journal (original) (raw)

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study participants

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or geometric mean (95% confidence interval).

MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related steatotic liver disease; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; Q, quartile; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; DM, diabetes mellitus; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent.

a

Alcohol consumption: (1) None, (2) Mild (<30 g/day for men, <20 g/day for women), (3) Heavy (30≤ men <60 g/day, 20≤ women <50 g/day), (4) Excessive ≥60 g/day for men, ≥50 g/day for women),

b

Insulin use: A total of three or more prescriptions of insulin in an outpatient setting and at least one prescription of insulin per year.

Table 2. Hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios for hepatocellular carcinoma development according to the group

The results were obtained using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Model 1: unadjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for income, smoking, regular exercise, and Charlson comorbidity index score; Model 4: adjusted for fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus duration, insulin use, oral hypoglycemic agent, and chronic kidney disease. Model 4+competing risk: Fine-Gray competing risk model adjusted for the same variables as model 4, accounting for death as a competing risk.

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related steatotic liver disease; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease.

a

Results are presented as subdistribution HR with 95% CI.

Table 3. Hazard ratios and subdistribution hazard ratios for hepatocellular carcinoma development according to the degree of fatty liver index group (FLI <30, 30≤ FLI <60, FLI ≥60) and alcohol consumption

The results were obtained using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Model 1: unadjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for income, smoking, regular exercise, and Charlson comorbidity index score; Model 4: adjusted for fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus duration, insulin use, oral hypoglycemic agent, and chronic kidney disease. Model 4+competing risk: Fine-Gray competing risk model adjusted for the same variables as model 4, accounting for death as a competing risk.

FLI, fatty liver disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

a

Alcohol consumption: (1) None, (2) Mild (<30 g/day for men, <20 g/day for women), (3) Heavy (30≤ men <60 g/day, 20≤ women <50 g/day), (4) Excessive (≥60 g/day for men, ≥50 g/day for women),

b

Results are presented as subdistribution HR with 95% CI.