FOREST MALARIA IN CHHINDWARA, MADHYA PRADESH, CENTRAL INDIA: A CASE STUDY IN A TRIBAL COMMUNITY (original) (raw)

• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIAL AND METHODS
  • Study site.
  • Malaria surveillance.
  • In vivo test.
  • Mosquito sampling.
  • Vector and malaria parasite identification.
  • Retrospective data analysis.
  • Data analysis.
• RESULTS
  • Parasitologic results.
  • Entomologic results.
• DISCUSSION

ProCite

RefWorks

Reference Manager

• 1
  Anonymous, 2001. Mid Term Review under E.M.C.P. November 6, 2001 at New Delhi. Madhya Pradesh: Directorate of Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Mid Term Review under E.M.C.P. November 6, 2001 at New Delhi. Madhya Pradesh: Directorate of Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 2
  Singh N, Singh OP, Sharma VP, 1996. Dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of Mandla district, central India (Madhya Pradesh). Am J Mosq Cont Asso 12 _:_225–234.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Singh OP, Sharma VP, 1996. Dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of Mandla district, central India (Madhya Pradesh). Am J Mosq Cont Asso 12: 225–234.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 3
  Singh J, Bhattacharji LM, 1944. Rapid staining of malarial parasites by a water soluble stain. Indian Med Gaz 79 _:_102–104.
  • PubMed
    Singh J, Bhattacharji LM, 1944. Rapid staining of malarial parasites by a water soluble stain. Indian Med Gaz 79: 102–104.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 4
  Anonymous, 1995. Operational Manual for Malaria Action Programme (MAP). Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 1995. Operational Manual for Malaria Action Programme (MAP). Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 5
  Christophers SR, Sinton JA Covell G, 1958. How to Do a Malaria Survey. Health Bulletin No. 14. Malaria Bureau No. 6. Government of India Press, Calcutta.
  • PubMed
    Christophers SR, Sinton JA Covell G, 1958. How to Do a Malaria Survey. Health Bulletin No. 14. Malaria Bureau No. 6. Government of India Press, Calcutta.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 6
  World Health Organization 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. Geneva. World Health Organization. Division of Control of Tropical Disease. WHO/MAL/96.1077.
  • PubMed
    World Health Organization 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. Geneva. World Health Organization. Division of Control of Tropical Disease. WHO/MAL/96.1077.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 7
  Rieckmann KH, 1990. Monitoring the response of malaria infection to treatment. Bull World Health Organ 68 _:_759–760.
  • PubMed
    Rieckmann KH, 1990. Monitoring the response of malaria infection to treatment. Bull World Health Organ 68: 759–760.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 8
  Sharma RS, Sharma GK, Dhillon GPS, 1996. Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in India. Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
  • PubMed
    Sharma RS, Sharma GK, Dhillon GPS, 1996. Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in India. Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 9
  Christophers SR, 1933. The Fauna of British India including Celon and Burma. Volume V. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • PubMed
    Christophers SR, 1933. The Fauna of British India including Celon and Burma. Volume V. London: Taylor and Francis.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 10
  Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Graves PM, Andre RG, 1987. Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) in Papua New Guinea. J Med Entomol 24 _:_433–437.
  • PubMed
    Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Graves PM, Andre RG, 1987. Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) in Papua New Guinea. J Med Entomol 24: 433–437.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 11
  Anonymous, 2001. Enhanced Malaria Control Project Madhya Pradesh. Review meeting on centrally sponsored schemes funded by external donors in Chief Secretary’s ANTE Chamber, Bhopal.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Enhanced Malaria Control Project Madhya Pradesh. Review meeting on centrally sponsored schemes funded by external donors in Chief Secretary’s ANTE Chamber, Bhopal.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 12
  Rajagopalan PK, Das PK, Pani SP, Jambulingam P, Mohapatra SSS, Gunasekaran K, Das LK, 1990. Parasitological aspects of malaria persistence in Koraput district, Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 91 _:_44–51.
  • PubMed
    Rajagopalan PK, Das PK, Pani SP, Jambulingam P, Mohapatra SSS, Gunasekaran K, Das LK, 1990. Parasitological aspects of malaria persistence in Koraput district, Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 91: 44–51.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 13
  Prakash A, Mohapatra PK, Bhattacharya DR, Sharma CK, Goswami BK, Hazarika NC, Mahanta J, 2000. Epidemiology of malaria outbreak (April/May, 1999) in Titabor Primary Health Centre, district Jorhat (Assam). Indian J Med Res 111 _:_121–126.
  • PubMed
    Prakash A, Mohapatra PK, Bhattacharya DR, Sharma CK, Goswami BK, Hazarika NC, Mahanta J, 2000. Epidemiology of malaria outbreak (April/May, 1999) in Titabor Primary Health Centre, district Jorhat (Assam). Indian J Med Res 111: 121–126.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 14
  Singh N, Mishra AK, Chand SK, Sharma VP, 1999. Population dynamics of Anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central India. J Am Mosq Control Asso 15 _:_283–290.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mishra AK, Chand SK, Sharma VP, 1999. Population dynamics of Anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central India. J Am Mosq Control Asso 15: 283–290.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 15
  Subbarao SK, Vasantha K, Joshi H, Raghavendra K, Usha Devi C, Sathyanarayan TS, Cochrane AH, Nussenzweig RS, Sharma VP, 1992. Role of Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in Madhya Pradesh, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 _:_613–614.
  • PubMed
    Subbarao SK, Vasantha K, Joshi H, Raghavendra K, Usha Devi C, Sathyanarayan TS, Cochrane AH, Nussenzweig RS, Sharma VP, 1992. Role of Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in Madhya Pradesh, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 613–614.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 16
  Mahmood F, Macdonald M, 1985. Ecology of malaria transmission and vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies species A in rural Punjab Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 24 _:_95–106.
  • PubMed
    Mahmood F, Macdonald M, 1985. Ecology of malaria transmission and vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies species A in rural Punjab Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 24: 95–106.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 17
  Singh N, Mehra RK, Srivastava N, 2001. Malaria during pregnancy and infancy in an area of intense malaria transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 _:_19–29.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mehra RK, Srivastava N, 2001. Malaria during pregnancy and infancy in an area of intense malaria transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 19–29.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 18
  Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari AR, Strickland GT, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 _:_791–801.
  • PubMed
    Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari AR, Strickland GT, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 791–801.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 19
  Maitlan K, William TN, Bennett S, Newbold CI, Peto TEA, Viji J, Timothy R, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Bowden DK, 1996. The interaction between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in children on Espiritu Santo island, Vanuatu. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 _:_614–620.
  • PubMed
    Maitlan K, William TN, Bennett S, Newbold CI, Peto TEA, Viji J, Timothy R, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Bowden DK, 1996. The interaction between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in children on Espiritu Santo island, Vanuatu. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 614–620.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 20
  Anonymous, 2001. Annual Report. Chhindwara: District Malaria Officer, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate of Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Annual Report. Chhindwara: District Malaria Officer, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate of Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 21
  Anonymous, 2001. Susceptibility Status of Vector Mosquito (Special Vector Study Campaign, 2001). Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Susceptibility Status of Vector Mosquito (Special Vector Study Campaign, 2001). Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 22
  Singh N, Singh MP, Saxena A, Sharma VP, Kalra NL, 1998. Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices (KABP) study related to malaria and intervention strategies in ethnic tribals of Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Curr Sci 75 _:_1386–1390.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Singh MP, Saxena A, Sharma VP, Kalra NL, 1998. Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices (KABP) study related to malaria and intervention strategies in ethnic tribals of Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Curr Sci 75: 1386–1390.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 23
  Singh N, Mishra AK, Singh OP, Jaiswal A, Khan MT, 1994. Feasibility study on the introduction of insecticide impregnated bed nets for malaria control in forested villages of district Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Indian J Malariol 31 _:_136–140.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mishra AK, Singh OP, Jaiswal A, Khan MT, 1994. Feasibility study on the introduction of insecticide impregnated bed nets for malaria control in forested villages of district Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Indian J Malariol 31: 136–140.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 24
  Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J, 2000. DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria. Lancet 356 _:_330–332.
  • PubMed
    Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J, 2000. DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria. Lancet 356: 330–332.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 25
  World Health Organization, 1998. Roll Back Malaria. WHO malaria briefing presentation by D. Nabarro, United Kingdom, Department for International Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • PubMed
    World Health Organization, 1998. Roll Back Malaria. WHO malaria briefing presentation by D. Nabarro, United Kingdom, Department for International Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 26
  White NJ, Olliaro PL, 1996. Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance. Parasitol Today 12 _:_399–401.
  • PubMed
    White NJ, Olliaro PL, 1996. Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance. Parasitol Today 12: 399–401.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation

• Abstract/Excerpt
• Author Notes

Parasitologic and entomologic cross-sectional surveys were carried out during an outbreak of malaria between December 1998 and August 2000 in forest villages near the Mohkhed Primary Health Center in the Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh in central India. In December 1998, surveys showed that more than 70% of the fever cases had malaria, with 87% of the malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The rate of enlarged spleens in children was 74.5%. In November 1999, 58% of the inhabitants were infected with malaria, with 80% of these cases caused by P. falciparum. Chloroquine resistance was seen in 23% of the cases. Anopheles culicifacies was the dominant mosquito species in all surveys (70–85%) and was resistant to DDT. The results indicate that the incidence of malaria in Chhindwara has increased gradually from 0.31 per 1,000 in 1990 to 6.75 per 1,000 in 2000. Improved access to treatment facilities, combination therapy, and vector control using an effective insecticide appear to be the most promising methods for controlling malaria in this region.

Author Notes

Copyright:

Copyright 2003 The American Society of Tropical Medicine 2003

Received:

20 Apr 2002

|

Accepted:

14 Nov 2002

|

Published Online:

May 2003

• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIAL AND METHODS
  • Study site.
  • Malaria surveillance.
  • In vivo test.
  • Mosquito sampling.
  • Vector and malaria parasite identification.
  • Retrospective data analysis.
  • Data analysis.
• RESULTS
  • Parasitologic results.
  • Entomologic results.
• DISCUSSION

ProCite

RefWorks

Reference Manager

• 1
  Anonymous, 2001. Mid Term Review under E.M.C.P. November 6, 2001 at New Delhi. Madhya Pradesh: Directorate of Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Mid Term Review under E.M.C.P. November 6, 2001 at New Delhi. Madhya Pradesh: Directorate of Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 2
  Singh N, Singh OP, Sharma VP, 1996. Dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of Mandla district, central India (Madhya Pradesh). Am J Mosq Cont Asso 12 _:_225–234.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Singh OP, Sharma VP, 1996. Dynamics of malaria transmission in forested and deforested regions of Mandla district, central India (Madhya Pradesh). Am J Mosq Cont Asso 12: 225–234.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 3
  Singh J, Bhattacharji LM, 1944. Rapid staining of malarial parasites by a water soluble stain. Indian Med Gaz 79 _:_102–104.
  • PubMed
    Singh J, Bhattacharji LM, 1944. Rapid staining of malarial parasites by a water soluble stain. Indian Med Gaz 79: 102–104.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 4
  Anonymous, 1995. Operational Manual for Malaria Action Programme (MAP). Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 1995. Operational Manual for Malaria Action Programme (MAP). Delhi: National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 5
  Christophers SR, Sinton JA Covell G, 1958. How to Do a Malaria Survey. Health Bulletin No. 14. Malaria Bureau No. 6. Government of India Press, Calcutta.
  • PubMed
    Christophers SR, Sinton JA Covell G, 1958. How to Do a Malaria Survey. Health Bulletin No. 14. Malaria Bureau No. 6. Government of India Press, Calcutta.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 6
  World Health Organization 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. Geneva. World Health Organization. Division of Control of Tropical Disease. WHO/MAL/96.1077.
  • PubMed
    World Health Organization 1996. Assessment of Therapeutic Efficacy of Antimalarial Drugs for Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Areas with Intense Transmission. Geneva. World Health Organization. Division of Control of Tropical Disease. WHO/MAL/96.1077.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 7
  Rieckmann KH, 1990. Monitoring the response of malaria infection to treatment. Bull World Health Organ 68 _:_759–760.
  • PubMed
    Rieckmann KH, 1990. Monitoring the response of malaria infection to treatment. Bull World Health Organ 68: 759–760.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 8
  Sharma RS, Sharma GK, Dhillon GPS, 1996. Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in India. Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
  • PubMed
    Sharma RS, Sharma GK, Dhillon GPS, 1996. Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in India. Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Malaria Eradication Programme. Government of India.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 9
  Christophers SR, 1933. The Fauna of British India including Celon and Burma. Volume V. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • PubMed
    Christophers SR, 1933. The Fauna of British India including Celon and Burma. Volume V. London: Taylor and Francis.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 10
  Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Graves PM, Andre RG, 1987. Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) in Papua New Guinea. J Med Entomol 24 _:_433–437.
  • PubMed
    Wirtz RA, Burkot TR, Graves PM, Andre RG, 1987. Field evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera culicidae) in Papua New Guinea. J Med Entomol 24: 433–437.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 11
  Anonymous, 2001. Enhanced Malaria Control Project Madhya Pradesh. Review meeting on centrally sponsored schemes funded by external donors in Chief Secretary’s ANTE Chamber, Bhopal.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Enhanced Malaria Control Project Madhya Pradesh. Review meeting on centrally sponsored schemes funded by external donors in Chief Secretary’s ANTE Chamber, Bhopal.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 12
  Rajagopalan PK, Das PK, Pani SP, Jambulingam P, Mohapatra SSS, Gunasekaran K, Das LK, 1990. Parasitological aspects of malaria persistence in Koraput district, Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 91 _:_44–51.
  • PubMed
    Rajagopalan PK, Das PK, Pani SP, Jambulingam P, Mohapatra SSS, Gunasekaran K, Das LK, 1990. Parasitological aspects of malaria persistence in Koraput district, Orissa, India. Indian J Med Res 91: 44–51.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 13
  Prakash A, Mohapatra PK, Bhattacharya DR, Sharma CK, Goswami BK, Hazarika NC, Mahanta J, 2000. Epidemiology of malaria outbreak (April/May, 1999) in Titabor Primary Health Centre, district Jorhat (Assam). Indian J Med Res 111 _:_121–126.
  • PubMed
    Prakash A, Mohapatra PK, Bhattacharya DR, Sharma CK, Goswami BK, Hazarika NC, Mahanta J, 2000. Epidemiology of malaria outbreak (April/May, 1999) in Titabor Primary Health Centre, district Jorhat (Assam). Indian J Med Res 111: 121–126.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 14
  Singh N, Mishra AK, Chand SK, Sharma VP, 1999. Population dynamics of Anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central India. J Am Mosq Control Asso 15 _:_283–290.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mishra AK, Chand SK, Sharma VP, 1999. Population dynamics of Anopheles culicifacies and malaria in the tribal area of central India. J Am Mosq Control Asso 15: 283–290.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 15
  Subbarao SK, Vasantha K, Joshi H, Raghavendra K, Usha Devi C, Sathyanarayan TS, Cochrane AH, Nussenzweig RS, Sharma VP, 1992. Role of Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in Madhya Pradesh, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86 _:_613–614.
  • PubMed
    Subbarao SK, Vasantha K, Joshi H, Raghavendra K, Usha Devi C, Sathyanarayan TS, Cochrane AH, Nussenzweig RS, Sharma VP, 1992. Role of Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in Madhya Pradesh, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 86: 613–614.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 16
  Mahmood F, Macdonald M, 1985. Ecology of malaria transmission and vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies species A in rural Punjab Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 24 _:_95–106.
  • PubMed
    Mahmood F, Macdonald M, 1985. Ecology of malaria transmission and vectorial capacity of Anopheles culicifacies species A in rural Punjab Pakistan. Pak J Med Res 24: 95–106.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 17
  Singh N, Mehra RK, Srivastava N, 2001. Malaria during pregnancy and infancy in an area of intense malaria transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95 _:_19–29.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mehra RK, Srivastava N, 2001. Malaria during pregnancy and infancy in an area of intense malaria transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95: 19–29.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 18
  Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari AR, Strickland GT, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61 _:_791–801.
  • PubMed
    Prybylski D, Khaliq A, Fox E, Sarwari AR, Strickland GT, 1999. Parasite density and malaria morbidity in the Pakistani Punjab. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 791–801.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 19
  Maitlan K, William TN, Bennett S, Newbold CI, Peto TEA, Viji J, Timothy R, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Bowden DK, 1996. The interaction between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in children on Espiritu Santo island, Vanuatu. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90 _:_614–620.
  • PubMed
    Maitlan K, William TN, Bennett S, Newbold CI, Peto TEA, Viji J, Timothy R, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ, Bowden DK, 1996. The interaction between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in children on Espiritu Santo island, Vanuatu. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 614–620.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 20
  Anonymous, 2001. Annual Report. Chhindwara: District Malaria Officer, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate of Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Annual Report. Chhindwara: District Malaria Officer, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate of Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 21
  Anonymous, 2001. Susceptibility Status of Vector Mosquito (Special Vector Study Campaign, 2001). Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate Health Services.
  • PubMed
    Anonymous, 2001. Susceptibility Status of Vector Mosquito (Special Vector Study Campaign, 2001). Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal: Directorate Health Services.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 22
  Singh N, Singh MP, Saxena A, Sharma VP, Kalra NL, 1998. Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices (KABP) study related to malaria and intervention strategies in ethnic tribals of Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Curr Sci 75 _:_1386–1390.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Singh MP, Saxena A, Sharma VP, Kalra NL, 1998. Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and practices (KABP) study related to malaria and intervention strategies in ethnic tribals of Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Curr Sci 75: 1386–1390.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 23
  Singh N, Mishra AK, Singh OP, Jaiswal A, Khan MT, 1994. Feasibility study on the introduction of insecticide impregnated bed nets for malaria control in forested villages of district Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Indian J Malariol 31 _:_136–140.
  • PubMed
    Singh N, Mishra AK, Singh OP, Jaiswal A, Khan MT, 1994. Feasibility study on the introduction of insecticide impregnated bed nets for malaria control in forested villages of district Mandla (Madhya Pradesh). Indian J Malariol 31: 136–140.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 24
  Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J, 2000. DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria. Lancet 356 _:_330–332.
  • PubMed
    Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J, 2000. DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria. Lancet 356: 330–332.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation
• 25
  World Health Organization, 1998. Roll Back Malaria. WHO malaria briefing presentation by D. Nabarro, United Kingdom, Department for International Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • PubMed
    World Health Organization, 1998. Roll Back Malaria. WHO malaria briefing presentation by D. Nabarro, United Kingdom, Department for International Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
    )| false
  • Export Citation
• 26
  White NJ, Olliaro PL, 1996. Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance. Parasitol Today 12 _:_399–401.
  • PubMed
    White NJ, Olliaro PL, 1996. Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance. Parasitol Today 12: 399–401.
    )| false
  • Search Google Scholar
  • Export Citation

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