Construction of regional multi-hazard interaction frameworks, with an application to Guatemala (original) (raw)

Alvarado, G. E., Soto, G. J., Pullinger, C. R., Escobar, R., Bonis, S., Escobar, D., and Navarro, M.: Volcanic Activity, Hazards and Monitoring, in: Central America, Two Volume Set: Geology, Resources and Hazards, edited by: Bundschuh, J. and Alvarado, G. E., Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 1155–1188, 2007.

Antonelli, C.: Collective knowledge communication and innovation: the evidence of technological districts, Reg. Stud., 34, 535–547,https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400050085657, 2000.

ARMONIA – Applied multi Risk Mapping of Natural Hazards for Impact Assessment: Assessing and mapping multiple risks for spatial planning, European Union 6th Framework Programme Reports, European Union, available at: https://forum.eionet.europa.eu/nrc-air-climate/library/public/2010_citiesproject/interchange/armonia_project (last access: 9 December 2019), 2007.

Bommer, J. J. and Rodríguez, C. E.: Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Eng. Geol., 63, 189–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00081-3, 2002.

Brown, S. K., Sparks, R. S. J., Mee, K., Vye-Brown, C., Ilyinskaya, E., Jenkins, S. F., and Loughlin, S. C.: Country and regional profiles of volcanic hazard and risk (Appendix B), in: Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk, edited by: Loughlin, S. C., Sparks, R. S. J., Brown, S. K., Jenkins, S. F., and Vye-Brown, C., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316276273.030, 2015.

Bucknam, R. C., Coe, J. A., Chavarría, M. M., Godt, J. W., Tarr, A. C., Bradley, L. A., Rafferty, S., Hancock, D., Dart, R. L., and Johnson, M. L.: Landslides triggered by hurricane Mitch in Guatemala: Inventory and discussion, US Geological Survey Open File Report 01-443, US Department of the Interior, USA, p. 38, 2001.

Budimir, M. E. A., Atkinson, P. M., and Lewis, H. G.: Earthquake-and-landslide events are associated with more fatalities than earthquakes alone, Nat. Hazards, 72, 895–914, 2014.

Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft/United Nations University: World Risk Report 2017, Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft, Berlin, p. 48, 2017.

Bundschuh, J. and Alvarado, G. E. (Eds.): Central America Geology, Resources and Hazards (Two Volume Set), Taylor and Francis, London, UK, p. 1131, 2007.

Cahoon, D. R. and Hensel, P.: Hurricane Mitch: a regional perspective on mangrove damage, recovery and sustainability, USGS Open File Report 03-183, US Geological Survey, USA, p. 31, 2002

Carrara, A., Crosta, G., and Frattini, P.: Geomorphological and historical data in assessing landslide hazard, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 28, 1125–1142, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.545, 2003.

Charvériat, C.: Natural Disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Overview of Risk, Working Paper, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department, No. 364, available at:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract id=1817233 (last access: 29 November 2018), 2000.

Choine, M. N., O'Connor, A., Gehl, P., D'Ayala, D., García-Fernández, M., Jiménez, M. J., Gavin, K., Van Gelder, P., Salceda, T., and Power, R.: A multi hazard risk assessment methodology accounting for cascading hazard events, in: 12th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP12, 12–15 July 2015, Vancouver, Canada, available at: https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/53032/items/1.0076192(last access: 29 November 2018), 2015.

CIA – Central Intelligence Agency: Guatemala Physiography, available at:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/cia-maps-publications/Guatemala.html(last access: 29 November 2018), 2001.

Ciurean, R., Gill, J. C., Reeves, H., O'Grady, S. K., Donald, K., and Aldridge, T.: Review of multi-hazards research and risk assessments, British Geological Survey Engineering Geology & Infrastructure Programme, Open Report OR/18/057, British Geological Survey, UK, 2018.

Claxton, R. H.: Weather-based Hazards in Colonial Guatemala, Stud. Social Sci., 25, 139–163, 1986.

CONRED – Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres: home page, available at: https://conred.gob.gt/site/index.php (last access: 29 November 2018), 2018a.

CONRED – Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres: Boletínes Informativos, available at: https://conred.gob.gt/site/Boletines-Informativos (last access: 19 November 2018), 2018b.

Cooper, A. H. and Calow, R. C.: Avoiding gypsum geohazards: guidance for planning and construction, British Geological Survey, Technical Report WC/98/5, UK NG125GG, available at:http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/14146/1/Cooper_Callow_1998_DIFID_Gypsum_and_planning_WC_98_005_COL.pdf (last access: 29 November 2018), 1998.

CRED – Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters: EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database, available at: https://www.emdat.be/database, last access: 29 November 2018.

De Pippo, T., Donadio, C., Pennetta, M., Petrosino, C., Terlizzi, F., and Valente, A.: Coastal hazard assessment and mapping in Northern Campania, Italy, Geomorphology, 97, 451–466, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.015, 2008.

de Ruiter, M. C., Couasnon, A., van den Homberg, M., Ward, P., and Daniell, J. E.: How Do Consecutive Disasters Affect Damages and the Post-Disaster Recovery Process?, in: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 10–14 December 2018, Washington, D.C., USA, December 2018.

DesInventar: Guatemala, available at:http://www.desinventar.net/DesInventar/profiletab.jsp#more_info (last access: 29 November 2018), 2016.

DiCicco-Bloom, B. and Crabtree, B. F.: The qualitative research interview, Medical Educ., 40, 314–321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x, 2006.

Duncan, M., Edwards, S., Kilburn, C., and Twigg, J.: An interrelated hazards approach to anticipating evolving risk, in: The Making of a Riskier Future: How Our Decisions Are Shaping Future Disaster Risk, Global Facility, GFDRR, Washington, D.C., USA, 2016.

Ebmeier, S. K., Biggs, J., Mather, T. A., Elliott, J. R., Wadge, G., and Amelung, F.: Measuring large topographic change with InSAR: Lava thicknesses, extrusion rate and subsidence rate at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 335, 216–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.027, 2012.

Edwards, R.: A critical examination of the use of interpreters in the qualitative research process, J. Ethnic Migrat. Stud., 24, 197–208, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1998.9976626, 1998.

Espinosa, A. F. (Ed.): The Guatemalan earthquake of February 4, 1976: A preliminary report, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1002, US Government Printing Office, USA, 1976.

Fernández, M. and Ortiz, M.: Earthquake triggered tsunamis, in: Central America, Two Volume Set: Geology, Resources and Hazards, edited by: Bundschuh, J. and Alvarado, G. E., Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 1257–1265, 2007.

Fisher, K. T.: Positionality, subjectivity, and race in transnational and transcultural geographical research, Gender Place Cult., 22, 456–473, https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2013.879097, 2015.

Foray, D.: Characterising the knowledge base: available and missing indicators, in: Knowledge management in the learning society, OECD, Paris, France, 239–255, 2000.

Gill, J. C.: Increasing the Understanding and Characterisation of Natural Hazard Interactions, Doctoral Thesis, King's College, London, 2016.

Gill, J. C. and Malamud, B. D.: Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards, Rev. Geophys., 52, 680–722, 2014.

Gill, J. C. and Malamud, B. D.: Hazard interactions and interaction networks (cascades) within multi-hazard methodologies, Earth Syst. Dynam., 7, 659–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-659-2016, 2016.

Gill, J. C., and Malamud, B. D.: Anthropogenic processes, natural hazards, and interactions in a multi-hazard framework, Earth-Sci. Rev., 166, 246–269, 2017.

Glade, T.: Landslide occurrence as a response to land use change: a review of evidence from New Zealand, Catena, 51, 297–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00170-4, 2003.

Global Volcanism Program: Volcanoes of the World, available at:http://volcano.si.edu/ (last access: 29 November 2018), 2013.

Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., and Reichenbach, P.: The AVI project: a bibliographical and archive inventory of landslides and floods in Italy, Environ. Manage., 18, 623–633, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02400865, 1994.

Han, J., Wu, S., and Wang, H.: Preliminary study on geological hazard chains, Earth Sci. Front., 14, 11–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60001-9, 2007.

Harp, E. L., Wilson, R. C., and Wieczorek, G. F.: Landslides from the February 4, 1976, Guatemala earthquake, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1204-A, US Government Printing Office, USA, 1981.

Harris, A. J., Vallance, J. W., Kimberly, P., Rose, W. I., Matías, O., Bunzendahl, E., Flynn, L. P., and Garbeil, H. Downstream aggradation owing to lava dome extrusion and rainfall runoff at Volcan Santiaguito, Guatemala, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 412, 85–104, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2412(05), 2006.

Havenith, H.-B., Strom, A., Jongmans, D., Abdrakhmatov, A., Delvaux, D., and Tréfois, P.: Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 135–149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-135-2003, 2003.

Hermosilla, R. G.: The Guatemala City sinkhole collapses, Carbon. Evapor., 27, 103–107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-011-0074-1, 2012

Hodell, D. A., Brenner, M., Curtis, J. H., and Guilderson, T.: Solar forcing of drought frequency in the Maya lowlands, Science, 292, 1367–1370,https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1057759, 2001.

Hunt, R. E.: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Handbook, CRC Press, Florida, USA, p. 1088, 2005.

Ibsen, M. L. and Brunsden, D.: The nature, use and problems of historical archives for the temporal occurrence of landslides, with specific reference to the south coast of Britain, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, Geomorphology, 15, 241–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00073-E, 1996.

IFFN – International Forest Fire News: Fire Situation in Guatemala, available at: http://www2.fire.uni-freiburg.de/iffn/country/gt/gt_1_eng.htm (last access: 29 November 2018), 2002.

INSIVUMEH – Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología/National Institute for Seismology, Volcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology: Home page, available at: http://insivumeh.gob.gt/, last access: 29 November 2018.

Johnson, J. B. and Lees, J. M.: Sound produced by the rapidly inflating Santiaguito lava dome, Guatemala, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L22305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045217, 2010.

Johnson, J. B., Lees, J. M., Gerst, A., Sahagian, D., and Varley, N.: Long-period earthquakes and co-eruptive dome inflation seen with particle image velocimetry, Nature, 456, 377–381, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07429, 2008.

Kappes, M. S., Keiler, M., and Glade, T.: From Single- to Multi-Hazard Risk Analyses: a concept addressing emerging challenges, in: Mountain Risks: Bringing Science to Society, edited by: Malet, J. P., Glade, T., and Casagli, N., CERG Editions, Strasbourg, France, 351–356, 2010.

Kappes, M. S., Keiler, M., von Elverfeldt, K., and Glade, T.: Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review, Nat. Hazards, 64, 1925–1958, 2012.

Kaufmann, O., Deceuster, J., and Quinif, Y.: An electrical resistivity imaging-based strategy to enable site-scale planning over covered palaeokarst features in the Tournaisis area (Belgium), Eng. Geol., 133, 49–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.01.017, 2012.

Kitchin, R. and Tate, N. J.: Conducting research into human geography, in: Theory, Methodology and Practice, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, UK, p. 330, 2000.

Knapen, A., Kitutu, M. G., Poesen, J., Breugelmans, W., Deckers, J., and Muwanga, A.: Landslides in a densely populated county at the footslopes of Mount Elgon (Uganda): characteristics and causal factors, Geomorphology, 73, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.07.004, 2006.

Kreft, S., Eckstein, D., Dorsch, L., and Fischer, L.: Global Climate Risk Index 2016: Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2014 and 1995 to 2014, available at:http://germanwatch.org/fr/download/13503.pdf (last access: 29 November 2018), 2015.

Kueny, J. A. and Day, M. J.: Designation of protected karstlands in Central America: a regional assessment, J. Cave Karst Stud., 64, 165–174, 2002.

LAHT – Latin American Herald Tribune: Guatemala to Deliver Food to 170,000 Families Affected by Heatwave, available at:http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2347276andCategoryId=23558(last access: 29 November 2018), 2014.

Lindholm, C. D., Climent, A., Camacho, E., Strauch, W., Cepeda, J., Cáceras, D., Ligorría, J. P., and Bungum, H.: Seismic hazard and microzonation, in: Central America, Two Volume Set: Geology, Resources and Hazards, edited by: Bundschuh, J. and Alvarado, G. E., Taylor and Francis, London, 1099–1118, 2007.

Liu, B., Siu, Y. L., and Mitchell, G.: Hazard interaction analysis for multi-hazard risk assessment: a systematic classification based on hazard-forming environment, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 629–642, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-629-2016, 2016.

Longhurst, R.: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups, in: Key Methods in Geography, edited by: Clifford, N. J. and Valentine, G., SAGE Publications, London, 117–132, 2003.

Luna, B.: Assessment and Modeling of two Lahars caused by `Hurricane Stan' at Atitlan, Guatemala, October 2005, Doctoral dissertation, MSc. Thesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, available at:https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/12448 (last access: 29 November 2018), 2007.

MacDougall, C.,and Fudge, E.: Planning and recruiting the sample for focus groups and in-depth interviews, Qual. Health Res., 11, 117–126, 2001.

Madge, C.: Boundary disputes: comments on Sidaway (1992), Area, 25, 294–299, 1993.

MAGA – Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Alimentación: Frost/Ice Hazard Map, Guatemala, 2002.

MAGA/PEDN – Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Alimentación/Programa de Emergencia por Desastres Naturales: Soil Types Map, Guatemala, 2002a.

MAGA/PEDN – Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Alimentación/Programa de Emergencia por Desastres Naturales: Annual Average Precipitation Map, Guatemala, 2002b.

Mahood, Q., Van Eerd, D., and Irvin, E.: Searching for grey literature for systematic reviews: challenges and benefits, Res. Synthes. Meth., 5, 221–234, 2014.

Matthews, B. W.: Comparison of the predicted and observed secondary structure of T4 phage lysozyme, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Protein Structure, 405, 442–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2795(75)90109-9, 1975.

McGuire, B. and Maslin, M. A. (Eds.): Climate Forcing of Geological Hazards, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK, p. 311, 2012.

Merriam, S. B., Johnson-Bailey, J., Lee, M. Y., Kee, Y., Ntseane, G., and Muhamad, M.: Power and positionality: Negotiating insider/outsider status within and across cultures, Int. J. Lifelong Educ., 20, 405–416, https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370120490, 2001.

Mignan, A., Wiemer, S., and Giardini, D.: The quantification of low-probability–high-consequences events: Part I. A generic multi-risk approach, Nat. Hazards, 73, 1999–2022, 2014.

Moeller, S. D.: Regarding the Pain of Others: Media, Bias and the Coverage of International Disasters, J. Int. Affairs, 59, 173–196, 2006.

Moreno, A. R.: Climate change and human health in Latin America: drivers, effects, and policies, Reg. Environ. Change, 6, 157–164,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-006-0015-z, 2006.

NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Patterns of Lightning Activity, available at:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6679andeocn=imageandeoci=related_image (last access: 29 November 2018), 2006.

Neri, A., Aspinall, W. P., Cioni, R., Bertagnini, A., Baxter, P. J., Zuccaro, G., Andronico, D., Barsotti, S., Cole, P. D., Espoti-Ongaro, T., Hincks, T. K., Macedonio, G., Papale, P., Rosi, M., Santacroce, R., and Woo, G.: Developing an event tree for probabilistic hazard and risk assessment at Vesuvius, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 178, 397–415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.05.014, 2008.

Neri, M., Le Cozannet, G., Thierry, P., Bignami, C., and Ruch, J.: A method for multi-hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas: an example from Kanlaon (Philippines), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1929–1943, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1929-2013, 2013.

Owen, L. A., Kamp, U., Khattak, G. A., Harp, E. L., Keefer, D. K., and Bauer, M. A.: Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Geomorphology, 94, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.007, 2008.

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., and Hoagwood, K.: Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research, in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, Vol. 42, Springer, 533–544, 2015.

Paton, D., Smith, L., Daly, M., and Johnston, D.: Risk perception and volcanic hazard mitigation: Individual and social perspectives, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 172, 179–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.12.026, 2008.

Pescaroli, G. andAlexander, D.: Understanding compound, interconnected, interacting, and cascading risks: a holistic framework, Risk Anal., 38, 2245–2257, 2018.

Pielke Jr., R. A., Rubiera, J., Landsea, C., Fernández, M. L., and Klein, R.: Hurricane vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean: Normalized damage and loss potentials, Nat. Hazards Rev., 4, 101–114,https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:3(101), 2003.

Plafker, G., Bonilla, M. G., and Bonis, S. B.: Geologic Effects, in: The Guatemalan earthquake of February 4, 1976: A preliminary report, edited by: Espinosa, A. F., US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1002, US Government Printing Office, USA, 38–51, 1976.

Porfido, S., Esposito, E., Spiga, E., Sacchi, M., Molisso, F., and Mazzola, S.: Re-evaluation of the 1976 Guatemala earthquake taking into account the environmental effects, in: 11th EGU General Assembly, 27 April–2 May 2014, Vienna, Austria, Geophys. Res. Abstr., 16, EGU2014-6525, 2014.

Porfido, S., Esposito, E., Spiga, E., Sacchi, M., Molisso, F., and Mazzola, S.: Impact of Ground Effects for an Appropriate Mitigation Strategy in Seismic Area: The Example of Guatemala 1976 Earthquake, in: Engineering Geology for Society and Territory-Volume 2 (Landslide Processes), edited by: Lollino, G., Giordan, D., Crosta, G. B., Corominas, J., Azzam, R., Wasowski, J., and Sciarra, N., Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 703–708, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_117, 2015.

Powers, D. M. W.: Evaluation: from Precision, Recall and F-measure to ROC, Informedness, Markedness and Correlation, J. Mach. Learn. Technol., 2, 37–63, 2011.

Qu, S. Q. and Dumay, J.: The qualitative research interview, Qual. Res. Account. Manage., 8, 238–264, https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070, 2011.

Raška, P., Zábranský, V., Dubišar, J., Kadlec, A., Hrbáčová, A., and Strnad, T.: Documentary proxies and interdisciplinary research on historic geomorphologic hazards: a discussion of the current state from a central European perspective, Nat. Hazards, 70, 705–732, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0839-z, 2014.

ReliefWeb: Guatemala Boletínes Informativos, available at:http://reliefweb.int/updates?search=Boletin informativos (last access: 29 November 2018), 2016.

ReliefWeb: Situation Reports for Central America following Tropical Storm Nate, available online:https://reliefweb.int/disaster/tc-2017-000148-nic/thumb, last access: 29 November 2018.

Rodríguez, C.E.: Earthquake-induced landslides, in: Central America, Two Volume Set: Geology, Resources and Hazards, edited by: Bundschuh, J. and Alvarado, G. E., Taylor and Francis, London, 1217–1255, 2007.

Rose, W. I., Bommer, J. J., Lopez, D. L., Carr, M. J., and Major, J. J. (Eds.): Natural hazards in El Salvador, in: Vol. 375, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, USA, 2004.

Satarugsa, P.: The Lessons Learnt from Geophysical Investigation of Sinkholes in Rock Salt in Thailand, in: International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2011), 1–3 December 2011, Khon Kaen, Thailand, available at:http://home.kku.ac.th/peangta/peangta-final-sinkhole2011.pdf (last access: 29 November 2018), 2011.

Schneider, S. C. and Barsoux, J. L.: Managing across cultures, Pearson Education, Harlow, England, p. 352, 2002.

Schuster, R. L., Bucknam, R. C., and Mota, M. A.: Stability assessment of a Hurricane Mitch-induced landslide dam on the Rio La Lima, Sierra de Las Minas, eastern Guatemala, Open File Report 01-120, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior, USA, 2001.

Scolobig, A., Nadejda, K., and Arnaud, M.: Mainstreaming Multi-Risk Approaches into Policy, Geosciences, 7, 1–18, 2017.

Seed, H. B., Arango, I., Gomez-Masso, A., Ascoli, R. G., and Chan, C.: Earthquake-induced liquefaction near lake Amatitlan, Guatemala, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 107, 501–518, 1981.

Siebert, L., Alvarado, G. E., Vallance, J. W., and De Vries, B. V. W.: Large-volume volcanic edifice failures in Central America and associated hazards, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., 412, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2412(01), 2006.

Soto, A. J., Rodhe, A., Pohjola, V., and Boelhouwers, J.: Spatial distribution of disasters caused by natural hazards in the Samala River catchment, Guatemala, Geograf. Ann. A, 97, 181–196, https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12097, 2015.

Squires, A.: Methodological challenges in cross-language qualitative research: a research review, Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 46, 277–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.08.006, 2009.

Stewart, S. R.: Eastern North Pacific Hurricanes 2010 – Flooding in a Slow Season, Weatherwise, 64, 38–45, https://doi.org/10.1080/00431672.2011.566819, 2011.

Stewart, S. R. and Cangialosi, J. P.: Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2010, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 2769–2781, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-11-00152.1, 2012.

Sultana, F.: Reflexivity, positionality and participatory ethics: Negotiating fieldwork dilemmas in international research, ACME, 6, 374–385, 2007.

Suri, H.: Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis, Qual. Res. J., 11, 63–75, 2011.

Tappin, D. R.: Submarine mass failures as tsunami sources: their climate control, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 368, 2417–2434, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0079, 2010.

Tarvainen, T., Jarva, J., and Greiving, S.: Spatial pattern of hazards and hazard interactions in Europe, in: Natural and Technological Hazards and Risks Affecting the Spatial Development of European Regions, 42, edited by: Schmidt-Thomé, P., Geological Survey of Finland, Finland, 83–91, 2006.

Taylor, F. E., Malamud, B. D., Freeborough, K., and Demeritt, D.: Enriching Great Britain's National Landslide Database by searching newspaper archives, Geomorphology, 249, 52–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.019, 2015.

Temple, B. and Edwards, R.: Interpreters/translators and cross-language research: Reflexivity and border crossings, Int. J. Qual. Meth., 1, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690200100201, 2002.

Temple, B. and Young, A.: Qualitative research and translation dilemmas, Qual. Res., 4, 161–178, https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794104044430, 2004.

Tilloy, A., Malamud, B. D., Winter, H., and Joly-Laugel, A.: A review of quantification methodologies for multi-hazard interrelationships, Earth-Sci. Rev., 196, 102881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102881, 2019.

Tobin, G. A. and Montz, B. E.: Natural Hazards: Explanation and Integration, Guilford Press, New York, 1997.

Trimble, S. W.: The use of historical data and artifacts in geomorphology, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 32, 3–29, https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133308089495, 2008.

UNDRR – United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, United Nations, Geneva, p. 37, 2015.

UNDRR – United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction: DRR Terminology, available at: https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology (last access: 29 November 2018), 2017.

Valentine, G.: Tell me about … using interviews as a research methodology, in: Methods in human geography: A guide for students doing a research project, edited by: Flowerdew, R. and Martin, D., Prentice Hall, Harlow, UK, 110–126, 1997.

van Westen, C. J., Kappes, M. S., Luna, B. Q., Frigerio, S., Glade, T., and Malet, J.-P.: Medium-scale multi-hazard risk assessment of gravitational processes, in: Mountain risks: from prediction to management and governance, edited by: van Asch, T., Corominas, J., Greiving, S., Malet, J.-P., and Sterlacchini, S., Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 201–231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6769-0_7, 2014.

von Huene, R., Ranero, C. R., and Watts, P.: Tsunamigenic slope failure along the Middle America Trench in two tectonic settings, Mar. Geol., 203, 303–317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00312-8, 2004.

Welle, T., Birkmann, J., Rhyner, J., Witting, M., and Wolfertz, J.: World Risk Index 2013, in: World Risk Report 2013, edited by: Jeschonnek, L., Alliance Development Works, Berlin, Germany, 45–56, 2013.

World Bank: Precipitation in Guatemala 1900–2012, available at:http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climateandThisRegion=North AmericaandThisCCode=GTM# (last access: 29 November 2018), 2016.