Changsun KIM | Dongduk Women's University (original) (raw)

Papers by Changsun KIM

Korean Journal of Sport Science, 2021

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week instrumental pilates exer... more PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week instrumental pilates exercise on isokinetic muscle function and body composition of healthy college women.METHODS Twenty-four college women (aged 21.6±1.3yrs) were recruited to the study. The participants were divided into two groups, as the instrumental pilates group (IPG, n=12) and the control group (CG, n=12). The springboard pilates exercise was conducted 3 times a week for 40~60 minutes during 12 weeks.RESULTS There was significant interaction effects in the right knee and left · right elbow extensor muscles (60°/sec) and left knee flexor and right elbow extensor · flexor muscles (180°/sec)(p<.05, p<.01). There was no significant interaction effects in the muscle mass of the total body, trunk, arms, and legs (NS) and also in the serum growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I and 25(OH)Vitamin D (NS). Serum creatine kinase was significantly increased (p<.05). There was also no significant intera...

Journal of Bone Metabolism, 2019

Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractu... more Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep•set-1 1-2 set•region-1 and 3 days•week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps•min-1 , 10 min•day-1 and 2 days•week-1. Conclusions: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.

Exercise Science, 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of bone density and structure after immo... more The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of bone density and structure after immobilization prior aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. METHODS: Twenty four mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: CC: 4weeks control cage after 2 weeks immobolization (n=7), RT: 4 weeks resistance training after 2 weeks immobilization (n=7), AE: 4 weeks aerobic training after 2 weeks immobilization (n=7). The prior exercise was performed aerobic and resistance exercise. The body weight, muscle weight, and bone morphometric microstructure parameter including bone mineral density (BMD), bone specific surface (BS/BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb/Th), trabecular number (Tb/N), trabecular separation (Tb/Sp), structure model index (SMI), connectivity density, and crosssectional area was evaluated using by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). One-way repeated ANOVA was used to evaluate the differences between three groups and paired t-test analysis was applied to examine the different between immobilization leg and nonimmobilization leg. RESULTS: The results of this study indicated that the body weight was increased after 4 weeks, and decreased after 2 weeks immobilization. The gastronemius and soleus muscle weight was significantly decreased in immobilization leg compared to non-immobilization leg. BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb/Th, Tb/N, Tb/Sp, and Cross-sectional area in immobilization leg of CC was lower than immobilization leg of RT and AE. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 4 weeks prior exercise might improve the bone density and microstructure, even though 2 weeks immobilization. Especially, the prior resistance exercise has more beneficial effects on muscle weight, bone density and microstructure.

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science, 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of maximal oxygen consumption, left vent... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of maximal oxygen consumption, left ventricular function and serum lipids after 36 weeks of aerobic exercise in elderly women without the influence of drugs. Eight elderly women were studied by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography to assess left ventricular size, mass and function. Maximal oxygen consumption (V O 2 max) was determined for each subject by administering a treadmill exercise test. The training intensity was decided by heart rate reserve. Subjects performed exercise for 40minutes a day, 3days a week at 50-60% of the heart rate reserve during the 36 weeks. Exercise capacity was assessed by V O 2 max with a graded exercise test of the treadmill. Weight and % body fat decreased after training. Cardiorespiratory function improved because of the increase in V O 2 max and V O 2 max normalized for body weight after training. Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased. There are no significant difference in all left ventricular's parameters (end-diastolic dimension, endsystolic dimension, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, fractional shortening) after 36 weeks. Exercise training did not induce left ventricular (LV) enlargement as evidence of an absence of increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The total cholesterol level and triglyceride level decreased after training. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly increased and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly decreased, atherogenic index (AI) significantly decreased and apolipoprotein A-I increased and apolipoprotein B decreased after training. In conclusion, although there was no significant change in left ventricular function, aerobic training showed a positive influence on body composition, maximal oxygen consumption and serum lipids.

Exercise Science, 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate regression models to estimate maximal oxyge... more The purpose of this study was to develop and validate regression models to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (VȮ2max) from the 20 m Progressive Shuttle Run Test (20 m PSRT) in Korean middle-school girls aged 13-15 years. The 20 m PSRT and VȮ2max were assessed in a sample of 194 participants. The sample was randomly split into validation (n=127) and test-retest reliability (n=99, 32 out of 127 participants also performed validity test) groups. 127 participants performed a graded exercise test (GXT, stationary gas analyser) and the 20 m PSRT (portable gas analyser) once to develop a VȮ2max prediction model and to analyze the validity of the modified 20 m PSRT protocol (starting at 7.5 km/h and increasing by 0.5 km/h every 1 min). 99 participants performed the 20 m PSRT twice for test-retest reliability purpose. Mean measured VȮ2max (39.2±5.1 ml/kg/min) from the potable gas analyzer was significantly increased from that measured during the GXT from stationary gas analyzer (37.7±5.7 ml/kg/min, p=.001) using the modified 20 m PSRT protocol. But it was a narrow range (1.5 ml/kg/min). The measured VȮ2max from the potable and stationary gas analyzers correlated at r=.88(p<.001). Test-retest of the 20 m PSRT yielded comparable results (Laps r=.88 & final speed r=.85). New regression equations were developed from present data to predict VȮ2max for middle-school girls: y=.231×Laps-.311×weight(in kg)+46.201 (r=.74, SEE=4.29 ml/kg/min). It is concluded that (a) the modified 20 m PSRT protocol is a valid and reliable test and (b) this equation developed in this study provides valid estimates of VȮ2max of Korean middle-school girl aged 13-15 years. Key words：middle-school girl, 20 m progressive shuttle run test, VȮ 2 max, reliability, validity 초 록

Exercise Science, 2015

The purpose of this review was to (i) suggest the need of physical activity (PA) guidelines for K... more The purpose of this review was to (i) suggest the need of physical activity (PA) guidelines for Korean via introduction of PA guideline for adult in the West; and (ii) propose new categories of PA and exercise intensity in human. METHODS: The terminology used for monitoring and promoting PA and exercise among researchers, health and fitness professionals varies considerably. The variation of terminology or category related to PA and exercise intensity can be confusing for researchers, health and fitness professionals. The inconsistency in terms also makes it difficult to track changes in PA/exercise pattern over time and across studies. We reviewed previous literatures focused on terminology and category of PA and aerobic exercise intensity with MEDLINE, Pubmed, and website of government organization. RESULTS: We introduced well-known PA guidelines such as the PA guideline of United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, World Health Orgarnization (WHO) as well as Korea, We also proposed five categories of PA and aerobic exercise intensity (inactive, low, moderate, high, and maximal intensity) in human. CONCLUSIONS: This proposal address the doubt of standardization of PA and aerobic exercise intensity and make suggestions that may assist those undertaking research and prescribing PA and exercise.

Exercise Science, 2013

Seo, Tae-Bum, Kim, Chang-Sun, Kim, Sang-Bae, Yoon, Jin-Hwan. Effect of transplantation of bone ma... more Seo, Tae-Bum, Kim, Chang-Sun, Kim, Sang-Bae, Yoon, Jin-Hwan. Effect of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells and treadmill exercise on axonal sprouting, prevention of muscle atrophy, and functional recovery after spinal cord contusion. Exercise Science, 22(3)： 223-232, 2013. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) is a new therapeutic tool for improving functional deficits after spinal cord contusion injury(SCI). Treadmill exercise has been known to facilitate motor and sensory functions and to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after SCI. Here we investigated the effect of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells and treadmill exercise on axonal sprouting, prevention of muscle atrophy and functional recovery after SCI. The rats were divided into four groups: the sham operation group(n=10), SCI and PBS injection group(n=10), SCI and BMSCs transplantation group(n=10), and SCI and BMSCs transplantation and treadmill exercise group(n=10). To determine functional recovery after SCI, we carried out Basso-Brestti-Brenahan(BBB) and Grid walk tests. BMSCs transplantation and combining exercise with grafting significantly improved SCI-induced behavioral deficits at 3 and 5 weeks after grafting. But combining exercise with grafting didn't show better functional recovery than BMSCs grafting after SCI. Although almost all DiI-labled axons after SCI disappeared in lumbar 1 to 2 levels, BMSCs transplantation and combining exercise with grafting increased the number of sprouting axons in the region caudal to the epicenter at 6 weeks post injury. Also the results of present study suggested that myostatin expression levels were further decreased by combining exercise with grafting when compared to grafting group. Our data provide new evidence that combining exercise with BMSCs transplantation may be an important therapeutic approach for improving functional and histological deficits and inhibiting skeletal muscle atrophy after SCI.

Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry, 2013

This study aimed to investigate effects of restricted calcium intake on cortical and trabecular b... more This study aimed to investigate effects of restricted calcium intake on cortical and trabecular bone density in white rats. Low Ca diet was fed for six weeks, and bone density and bone metabolism parameters were assessed in blood. This study was carried out on 12 male white rats aged 12 weeks (Sprague-Dawley; SD). These rats were bred for 1 week and randomly assigned to the standard calcium diet group (SCa group, n = 6) and the low calcium diet group (LCa group; n = 6). The SCa group was given a modified AIN-93M mineral mix (with 0.5% Ca), which was made by adding calcium to a standard AIN93 diet, and the LCa Group was fed a modified AIN-93 Mineral mix (with 0.1% Ca). Femoral BMD and BMC were measured by DEXA in each rat. After trabecular bone was separated from cortical bone, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured using pQCT. Serum Ca and P levels were measured as parameters of bone metabolism, and S-ALP, S-TrACP and-Dpd levels were also measured. The results revealed ...

Journal of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, 2014

The purpose of the study was to verify the effects of Pilates exercise by observing the impact of... more The purpose of the study was to verify the effects of Pilates exercise by observing the impact of 8 weeks of Pilates exercise on lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in female undergraduates in their 20s who had no prior experience in Pilates exercise and had not exercised in the previous 6 months. [Methods] There were 18 subjects with no prior experience in Pilates exercise. The subjects were separated into the Pilates exercise group (n = 9) and the non-exercise control group (n = 9). The former performed Pilates exercise for 60-70 minutes over 8 weeks with a gradual strength increase of 9-16 in the Rating of Perceived Exercise (RPE). The body composition, creatine kinase in the bloodstream and lipid metabolism (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) were measured before and after the experiment and Real-Time PCR was used to investigate the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-⍺. [Results] The creatine kinase (CK) in the blood had significant differences between the groups. The test group showed significant increase compared to the control group after 8 weeks of Pilates exercise (p = 0.007). Lipid analysis showed that the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly different in the two groups (p = 0.049), with the Pilates exercise group exhibiting significantly higher levels compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). IL-6 mRNA expression did not show significant differences between the groups either. Timing and TNF-α mRNA expression showed significant effect in both the exercise and the control groups (p = 0.013) but no correlation. [Conclusion] It was found from the study that Pilates exercise for 8 weeks affected CK expression (the muscle damage marker) and induced positive changes in the levels of high-density lipoprotein.

Journal of the Human-Environment System, 2005

Introduction Mechanical forces play a pivotal role in maintaining bone mass. Weightlessness and s... more Introduction Mechanical forces play a pivotal role in maintaining bone mass. Weightlessness and skeletal unloading mainly lead to bone loss, and the mechanism is not fully understood. (Wronski and Morey, 1982, Turner et al., 1981). Conditions with diminished loading on bone take place in humans subjected to the microgravity of spaceflight (Morey and Baylink, 1978), 20 days bed rest (Kim et al., 2002), cast immobilization, or denervation. Tail suspension has long been employed to induce a pattern of osteopenia in rats and it has been used as a ground-based model for microgravity and/or spaceflight. The present study employed the rat model for a microgravity environment. This is because astronauts physically move to achieve lots of missions during space flight

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2002

We have demonstrated that the habitual intake of chitosan can decrease bone mass in ovariectomize... more We have demonstrated that the habitual intake of chitosan can decrease bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) SHRSP rats fed a low-Ca diet (0.1%). In the present study, we examined both the etiology of bone loss induced by dietary chitosan and the preventive ef fect of vitamin C supplementation. Rats were OVX and maintained on one of the following diets for 6 wk: 10% cellulose (CE), 10% chitosan (CH) or 10% chitosan with sodium ascor bate (CHVC). CH caused a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and stiffness in femurs and the fourth lumbar vertebrae (L4). There was no significant difference in intes tinal Ca absorption between CH and CE, whereas CH intake significantly reduced intestinal P absorption. The bone loss in CH rats was accompanied with an increase in urinary Ca ex cretion and a decrease in serum Ca as well as a significant increment in serum PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D receptor and calcium binding protein D9K mRNAs were also significantly increased in the duodenum of CH rats. Vitamin C supplementation to CH caused an increase in the Ca and P contents of femurs as well as BMD of the L4, with a de crease in urinary Ca excretion. These results indicate that dietary chitosan with low Ca in take possibly induces the loss of bone mass by enhancing urinary Ca excretion rather than by inhibiting Ca absorption, and that vitamin C supplementation could prevent bone loss caused by chitosan through the increment of retained Ca followed by suppression of urinary Ca excretion.