Jessie Chen | Dongguk University (original) (raw)

Papers by Jessie Chen

We developed an intelligent agent, RoboLeader, that could assist human operators in route plannin... more We developed an intelligent agent, RoboLeader, that could assist human operators in route planning for a team of ground robots. We compared the operators' target detection performance in the 4-robot and 8-robot conditions. Results showed that the participants detected significantly less targets and had significantly worse situation awareness when there were 8 robots compared to the 4-robot condition. Those participants

... Jessie YC Chen US Army Research Laboratory-HRED 12423 Research Parkway Orlando, FL 32826 1-40... more ... Jessie YC Chen US Army Research Laboratory-HRED 12423 Research Parkway Orlando, FL 32826 1-407-384-5435 jessie.chen@us.army.mil ... For the memory tests, the participants were asked to repeat some short statements or keep track of three radio call signs (eg Bravo 83 ...

Autonomous teams of robotic vehicles are gaining significant importance in military applications ... more Autonomous teams of robotic vehicles are gaining significant importance in military applications in the realm of reconnaissance and the execution of vital tasks. As teams of robotic vehicles grow in size and mission complexity, ever increasing burden is placed on the human operators charged with overseeing such operations. It is imperative that, in order to increase future mission complexity and success, a certain amount of work load be removed from the operator and a greater level of autonomy be given to the unmanned systems. A modular architecture has been developed which allows for components to be added on to the RoboLeader utility providing expanded capability of the design with little modification to existing architecture. Currently, the RoboLeader utility assesses intelligence on ground conditions and provides the human operator with alternate path plans for a series of situations which require difference path solutions.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2007

In the future, it will become more common for humans to team up with robotic systems to perform t... more In the future, it will become more common for humans to team up with robotic systems to perform tasks that humans cannot realistically accomplish alone. Even for autonomous and semiautonomous systems, teleoperation will be an important default mode. However, teleoperation can be a challenging task because the operator is remotely located. As a result, the operator's situation awareness of the remote environment can be compromised and the mission effectiveness can suffer. This paper presents a detailed examination of more than 150 papers covering human performance issues and suggested mitigation solutions. The paper summarizes the performance decrements caused by video images bandwidth, time lags, frame rates, lack of proprioception, frame of reference, two-dimensional views, attention switches, and motion effects. Suggested solutions and their limitations include stereoscopic displays, synthetic overlay, multimodal interfaces, and various predicative and decision support systems.

A military multitasking environment was simulated to examine the effects of unreliable automation... more A military multitasking environment was simulated to examine the effects of unreliable automation on the performance of robotics operators. The main task was to manage a team of four ground robots with the assistance of RoboLeader, an intelligent agent capable of coordinating the robots and changing their routes based upon developments in the mission environment. RoboLeader's recommendations were manipulated to

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) released a report detailing the future of robotic m... more In 2007, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) released a report detailing the future of robotic military equipment and how to proceed in development and procurement of unmanned systems (Office of Secretary of Defense, 2007). This document recognizes the role of unmanned systems in the areas of reconnaissance, surveillance, and target identification. This role for unmanned systems implies a need for improved warfighter support and training. The Mixed Initiative Experimental (MIX) Testbed is a distributed simulation environment which provides a means for this type of training. This paper describes the design and capabilities of the MIX Testbed and exemplar scenarios for research and training with unmanned systems of varying capabilities. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 6 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

Eye tracking under naturalistic viewing conditions may provide a means to assess operator workloa... more Eye tracking under naturalistic viewing conditions may provide a means to assess operator workload in an unobtrusive manner. Specifically, we explore the use of a nearest neighbor index of workload calculated using eye fixation patterns obtained from operators navigating an unmanned ground vehicle under different task loads and levels of automation. Results showed that fixation patterns map to the operator’s experimental condition suggesting that systematic eye movements may characterize each task. Further, different methods of calculating the workload index are highly correlated, r(46) = .94, p = .01. While the eye movement workload index matches operator reports of workload based on the NASA TLX, the metric fails on some instances. Interestingly, these departure points may relate to the operator’s perceived attentional control score. We discuss these results in relation to automation triggers for unmanned systems.

Experimental Brain Research, 2006

Accuracy of shifting movements between two notes was examined in nine cellists (intermediate-prof... more Accuracy of shifting movements between two notes was examined in nine cellists (intermediate-professional skill levels). Three pairs of notes separated by different distances were tested under the same movement rate. Finger position on the string was measured by a circuit. Angular velocities of the left upper arm and forearm were measured by two angular velocity sensors; thus elbow angular velocity during shifts was estimated. Results showed that with increased elbow velocity and shifting distance endpoint variability stayed constant. The force of gravity assisted elbow extension during shifts toward higher pitched notes compared to flexion towards lower pitched notes, but faster movement velocity did not result in increased landing variability. Performance for note E on the A string was found to be less variable than other notes, suggesting that physical cue from the cello body geometry was used as a landmark for finger position. Cutaneous feedback from the thumb when hitting the body–neck junction enabled faster elbow extension velocity compared to shifts towards other notes. Cellists who showed higher performance accuracy also showed higher perceptual ability and performance proficiency. These results suggest that long-term over-training of fast and accurate movements enables musicians to maintain accuracy and variability across different movement distances and velocities. Higher perceptual ability and performance proficiency are correlated with increased accuracy but not lower variability, indicating although perceptual ability and performance proficiency are important for pitch accuracy, movement variability is still constrained by the capacity of the motor system, which is highly fine-tuned and different than non-musicians.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2006

To find out features in literature demand by researchers in the field of andrology and to offer a... more To find out features in literature demand by researchers in the field of andrology and to offer advice on literature utilization and journal management. Five andrology journals indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) (Andrologia, Archives of Andrology, Asian Journal of Andrology, International Journal of Andrology, and Journal of Andrology) were included in the study. Original articles, editorials, reviews, corrections and letters from these journals were analyzed with bibliometric method for document loading, citations, information absorbing ability, and geographical coverage. The average number of references in each paper was 28.78. The main type of references was periodicals (94.32%), while books and other sources accounted for only 5.68%. Average Price index was 30.14%. The number of references in the first ranking 10 periodicals cited by the five journals made up 34.53% of the total references cited. Geographically, the five journals covered 6 continents with 42 countries or regions. Andrology journals have a wide coverage of literatures, which are related to reproductive medicine, urology, endocrinology and biochemistry. References in andrology journals are mainly periodicals and are relatively old. US, China and Japan lead the world in andrology researches for the number of papers published.

Science Translational Medicine, 2009

Estrogen is a key hormone in human reproductive physiology, controlling ovulation and secondary s... more Estrogen is a key hormone in human reproductive physiology, controlling ovulation and secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Indeed, estrogen receptor antagonists and aromatase inhibitors (which block estrogen biosynthesis) are primary drugs used for treatment and prevention in at-risk populations. Despite its importance, tissue concentrations of estrogen are not routinely measured because conventional techniques require large samples of biopsies for analysis. In response to this need, we have developed a digital microfluidic method and applied it to the extraction and quantification of estrogen in 1-microliter samples of breast tissue homogenate (as would be collected with fine-needle aspiration), as well as in whole blood and serum. This method may be broadly applicable to conditions requiring frequent analysis of hormones in clinical samples (for example, infertility and cancer).

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution to a macroporous polymeric adsorbent (CHA-... more Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution to a macroporous polymeric adsorbent (CHA-111), its animated derivative (MCH-111) and a reference weakly anion exchanger (ND-900) was studied. Experimental results indicated that amino functional groups on the polymeric matrix play an important role in phenol adsorption by MCH-111 and ND-900, which was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the phenol molecule and the amino group on the polymeric matrix. The semi-empirical Freundlich isotherm equation and its reduced form were employed to interpret the adsorption behavior. A site energy distribution model based on the Polanyi adsorption potential theory can elucidate the adsorption mechanism reasonably.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005

Removal of many organic pollutants including phenolic compounds from industrial wastewater can al... more Removal of many organic pollutants including phenolic compounds from industrial wastewater can always be achieved by fixed-bed adsorption onto the polymeric resin adsorbent, and the relevant breakthrough curves would provide much valuable information to help to design a fixed-bed adsorption process in field application. In the present study, a model developed based on the constant-pattern wave approach theory and the Freundlich model was adopted to describe the breakthrough curves of phenol and p-nitrophenol adsorption onto a macroreticular resin adsorbent NDA-100 from aqueous solution. Column experiments were performed at different conditions to verify the model and the results proved that the model would describe the breakthrough curves well. Effect of the operation parameters on breakthrough curves was also discussed to get helpful information in choosing the adsorption process.

We developed an intelligent agent, RoboLeader, that could assist human operators in route plannin... more We developed an intelligent agent, RoboLeader, that could assist human operators in route planning for a team of ground robots. We compared the operators' target detection performance in the 4-robot and 8-robot conditions. Results showed that the participants detected significantly less targets and had significantly worse situation awareness when there were 8 robots compared to the 4-robot condition. Those participants

... Jessie YC Chen US Army Research Laboratory-HRED 12423 Research Parkway Orlando, FL 32826 1-40... more ... Jessie YC Chen US Army Research Laboratory-HRED 12423 Research Parkway Orlando, FL 32826 1-407-384-5435 jessie.chen@us.army.mil ... For the memory tests, the participants were asked to repeat some short statements or keep track of three radio call signs (eg Bravo 83 ...

Autonomous teams of robotic vehicles are gaining significant importance in military applications ... more Autonomous teams of robotic vehicles are gaining significant importance in military applications in the realm of reconnaissance and the execution of vital tasks. As teams of robotic vehicles grow in size and mission complexity, ever increasing burden is placed on the human operators charged with overseeing such operations. It is imperative that, in order to increase future mission complexity and success, a certain amount of work load be removed from the operator and a greater level of autonomy be given to the unmanned systems. A modular architecture has been developed which allows for components to be added on to the RoboLeader utility providing expanded capability of the design with little modification to existing architecture. Currently, the RoboLeader utility assesses intelligence on ground conditions and provides the human operator with alternate path plans for a series of situations which require difference path solutions.

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2007

In the future, it will become more common for humans to team up with robotic systems to perform t... more In the future, it will become more common for humans to team up with robotic systems to perform tasks that humans cannot realistically accomplish alone. Even for autonomous and semiautonomous systems, teleoperation will be an important default mode. However, teleoperation can be a challenging task because the operator is remotely located. As a result, the operator's situation awareness of the remote environment can be compromised and the mission effectiveness can suffer. This paper presents a detailed examination of more than 150 papers covering human performance issues and suggested mitigation solutions. The paper summarizes the performance decrements caused by video images bandwidth, time lags, frame rates, lack of proprioception, frame of reference, two-dimensional views, attention switches, and motion effects. Suggested solutions and their limitations include stereoscopic displays, synthetic overlay, multimodal interfaces, and various predicative and decision support systems.

A military multitasking environment was simulated to examine the effects of unreliable automation... more A military multitasking environment was simulated to examine the effects of unreliable automation on the performance of robotics operators. The main task was to manage a team of four ground robots with the assistance of RoboLeader, an intelligent agent capable of coordinating the robots and changing their routes based upon developments in the mission environment. RoboLeader's recommendations were manipulated to

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) released a report detailing the future of robotic m... more In 2007, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) released a report detailing the future of robotic military equipment and how to proceed in development and procurement of unmanned systems (Office of Secretary of Defense, 2007). This document recognizes the role of unmanned systems in the areas of reconnaissance, surveillance, and target identification. This role for unmanned systems implies a need for improved warfighter support and training. The Mixed Initiative Experimental (MIX) Testbed is a distributed simulation environment which provides a means for this type of training. This paper describes the design and capabilities of the MIX Testbed and exemplar scenarios for research and training with unmanned systems of varying capabilities. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 6 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

Eye tracking under naturalistic viewing conditions may provide a means to assess operator workloa... more Eye tracking under naturalistic viewing conditions may provide a means to assess operator workload in an unobtrusive manner. Specifically, we explore the use of a nearest neighbor index of workload calculated using eye fixation patterns obtained from operators navigating an unmanned ground vehicle under different task loads and levels of automation. Results showed that fixation patterns map to the operator’s experimental condition suggesting that systematic eye movements may characterize each task. Further, different methods of calculating the workload index are highly correlated, r(46) = .94, p = .01. While the eye movement workload index matches operator reports of workload based on the NASA TLX, the metric fails on some instances. Interestingly, these departure points may relate to the operator’s perceived attentional control score. We discuss these results in relation to automation triggers for unmanned systems.

Experimental Brain Research, 2006

Accuracy of shifting movements between two notes was examined in nine cellists (intermediate-prof... more Accuracy of shifting movements between two notes was examined in nine cellists (intermediate-professional skill levels). Three pairs of notes separated by different distances were tested under the same movement rate. Finger position on the string was measured by a circuit. Angular velocities of the left upper arm and forearm were measured by two angular velocity sensors; thus elbow angular velocity during shifts was estimated. Results showed that with increased elbow velocity and shifting distance endpoint variability stayed constant. The force of gravity assisted elbow extension during shifts toward higher pitched notes compared to flexion towards lower pitched notes, but faster movement velocity did not result in increased landing variability. Performance for note E on the A string was found to be less variable than other notes, suggesting that physical cue from the cello body geometry was used as a landmark for finger position. Cutaneous feedback from the thumb when hitting the body–neck junction enabled faster elbow extension velocity compared to shifts towards other notes. Cellists who showed higher performance accuracy also showed higher perceptual ability and performance proficiency. These results suggest that long-term over-training of fast and accurate movements enables musicians to maintain accuracy and variability across different movement distances and velocities. Higher perceptual ability and performance proficiency are correlated with increased accuracy but not lower variability, indicating although perceptual ability and performance proficiency are important for pitch accuracy, movement variability is still constrained by the capacity of the motor system, which is highly fine-tuned and different than non-musicians.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2006

To find out features in literature demand by researchers in the field of andrology and to offer a... more To find out features in literature demand by researchers in the field of andrology and to offer advice on literature utilization and journal management. Five andrology journals indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) (Andrologia, Archives of Andrology, Asian Journal of Andrology, International Journal of Andrology, and Journal of Andrology) were included in the study. Original articles, editorials, reviews, corrections and letters from these journals were analyzed with bibliometric method for document loading, citations, information absorbing ability, and geographical coverage. The average number of references in each paper was 28.78. The main type of references was periodicals (94.32%), while books and other sources accounted for only 5.68%. Average Price index was 30.14%. The number of references in the first ranking 10 periodicals cited by the five journals made up 34.53% of the total references cited. Geographically, the five journals covered 6 continents with 42 countries or regions. Andrology journals have a wide coverage of literatures, which are related to reproductive medicine, urology, endocrinology and biochemistry. References in andrology journals are mainly periodicals and are relatively old. US, China and Japan lead the world in andrology researches for the number of papers published.

Science Translational Medicine, 2009

Estrogen is a key hormone in human reproductive physiology, controlling ovulation and secondary s... more Estrogen is a key hormone in human reproductive physiology, controlling ovulation and secondary sexual characteristics. In addition, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Indeed, estrogen receptor antagonists and aromatase inhibitors (which block estrogen biosynthesis) are primary drugs used for treatment and prevention in at-risk populations. Despite its importance, tissue concentrations of estrogen are not routinely measured because conventional techniques require large samples of biopsies for analysis. In response to this need, we have developed a digital microfluidic method and applied it to the extraction and quantification of estrogen in 1-microliter samples of breast tissue homogenate (as would be collected with fine-needle aspiration), as well as in whole blood and serum. This method may be broadly applicable to conditions requiring frequent analysis of hormones in clinical samples (for example, infertility and cancer).

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution to a macroporous polymeric adsorbent (CHA-... more Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution to a macroporous polymeric adsorbent (CHA-111), its animated derivative (MCH-111) and a reference weakly anion exchanger (ND-900) was studied. Experimental results indicated that amino functional groups on the polymeric matrix play an important role in phenol adsorption by MCH-111 and ND-900, which was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the phenol molecule and the amino group on the polymeric matrix. The semi-empirical Freundlich isotherm equation and its reduced form were employed to interpret the adsorption behavior. A site energy distribution model based on the Polanyi adsorption potential theory can elucidate the adsorption mechanism reasonably.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005

Removal of many organic pollutants including phenolic compounds from industrial wastewater can al... more Removal of many organic pollutants including phenolic compounds from industrial wastewater can always be achieved by fixed-bed adsorption onto the polymeric resin adsorbent, and the relevant breakthrough curves would provide much valuable information to help to design a fixed-bed adsorption process in field application. In the present study, a model developed based on the constant-pattern wave approach theory and the Freundlich model was adopted to describe the breakthrough curves of phenol and p-nitrophenol adsorption onto a macroreticular resin adsorbent NDA-100 from aqueous solution. Column experiments were performed at different conditions to verify the model and the results proved that the model would describe the breakthrough curves well. Effect of the operation parameters on breakthrough curves was also discussed to get helpful information in choosing the adsorption process.