pramod khare - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by pramod khare
The looming threat of profenofos organophosphate and microbes in action for their sustainable degradation
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 30, 2024
Organophosphates are the most extensively used class of pesticides to deal with increasing pest d... more Organophosphates are the most extensively used class of pesticides to deal with increasing pest diversity and produce more on limited terrestrial areas to feed the ever-expanding global population. Profenofos, an organophosphate group of non-systematic insecticides and acaricides, is used to combat aphids, cotton bollworms, tobacco budworms, beet armyworms, spider mites, and lygus bugs. Profenofos was inducted into the system as a replacement for chlorpyrifos due to its lower toxicity and half-life. It has become a significant environmental concern due to its widespread presence. It accumulates in various environmental components, contaminating food, water, and air. As a neurotoxic poison, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase receptor activity, leading to dizziness, paralysis, and pest death. It also affects other eukaryotes, such as pollinators, birds, mammals, and invertebrates, affecting ecosystem functioning. Microbes directly expose themselves to profenofos and adapt to these toxic compounds over time. Microbes use these toxic compounds as carbon and energy sources and it is a sustainable and economical method to eliminate profenofos from the environment. This article explores the studies and developments in the bioremediation of profenofos, its impact on plants, pollinators, and humans, and the policies and laws related to pesticide regulation. The goal is to raise awareness about the global threat of profenofos and the role of policymakers in managing pesticide mismanagement.
Foliar spraying of chlorpyrifos induces morphometric changes in Glycine max (L.) and shifts native soil microbiome
Emerging contaminants, Sep 1, 2024
Pesticide usage alters plant growth, and development and disturbs native soil microbiome. The pre... more Pesticide usage alters plant growth, and development and disturbs native soil microbiome. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos (CP-20% EC) on the growth and development of soybean (Glycine max), soil fertility, and soil microbiome. We conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos; recommended dose (RD) and higher dose rates (2Â and 4Â RD). Chlorpyrifos application significantly altered the growth parameters in soybean (p < 0.05). At higher concentrations (2Â and 4Â RD) shoot length (17.16 ± 1.04; 14.33 ± 1.15, p < 0.05), root length (3.40 ± 0.36; 2.66 ± 0.28, p < 0.050), leaf count (6.33 ± 0.57; 2.66 ± 0.57; p < 0.05) reduced significantly compared to RD and Control groups. Similarly at these concentrations (2Â and 4Â RD), significant reduction in fresh shoot weight (0.86 ± 0.008; 0.66 ± 0.002, p < 0.05), dry shoot weight (0.14 ± 0.001; 0.13 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) and root fresh weight (0.13 ± 0.001; 0.09 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) and root dry weight (0.030 ± 0.0005, 0.037 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) was observed compared to the RD and control group. Notably, a significant increase in root and shoot morphometric parameters was observed in RD compared to control (p < 0.05). All the physio-chemical properties such as pH (8.51 ± 0.82), moisture content (33.73 ± 0.04), and electrical conductivity (3.44 ± 0.03) were higher in CP-treated soils compared to control. Similarly, nutrient content such as nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen were significantly reduced in treated soils compared to control. Elemental analysis showed higher concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in CP-treated
Plant functional traits best explain invasive species’ performance within a dynamic ecosystem - A review
Trees, Forests and People
Evaluating the role of roadside vegetation in atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation: a case study
Arboricultural Journal
Sacred groves of Central India: Diversity status, carbon storage, and conservation strategies
Biotropica
Effect of Forest Fire on Tree Species Diversity in the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, Central India
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Journal of Threatened Taxa
The study was carried out in Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, central India. The forest is classifie... more The study was carried out in Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, central India. The forest is classified as a tropical dry deciduous type, with teak Tectona grandis as the predominant species. Extensive field trips were carried out during 2018–2020 to document the medicinally important tree species. The medicinal importance of these plants was recorded through interviews, group discussions with local tribal communities and on the basis of the literature available. Enumeration of tree species in this area showed occurrence of 50 tree species belonging to 37 genera and 21 families. The study further observed that several species were being used as traditional medicine by the local tribal folks, traditional healers in the study area, and also by pharmaceutical industries. The study observed that some species in the sanctuary were rare due to several developmental projects, forest destruction, and over-exploitation. The study provides details about the botanical identity, family, local name,...
Data for: Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India
Data is associated with the submitted manuscript title " Climate models predict a divergent ... more Data is associated with the submitted manuscript title " Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India"
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C)... more Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C) in biomass and soil, besides providing important ecosystem services. However, the information on tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in sacred groves of Central India, Madhya Pradesh is elusive and fragmented. In the present study, 41 sacred groves were inventoried for tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in vegetation and soil. A total of 103 tree species from 81 genera belonging to 37 families were recorded. Shannon's diversity, Dominance, Fisher's alpha, and species evenness indices for trees varied: 0.77-2.53, 0.07-0.64, 1.58-20.37, and 0.28-0.90 respectively. Tree density ranged 75-675 no. of stems ha −1 with a mean of 271 no. of stems ha −1 , while basal area ranged 6.8-47 m 2 ha −1 with a mean value of 27 m 2 ha −1. Tree biomass ranged 34.9-409.8 Mg ha −1 with a mean value of 194.01 Mg ha −1 , while, tree C ranged between 17.5 and 204.9 Mg C ha −1 with a mean value of 97.0 Mg C ha −1. The total soil organic carbon stock (0-30 cm) ranged from 22.4 to 112.5 Mg C ha −1 with the mean value of 62 Mg C ha −1. Biomass C and SOC contributed 61% and 39% of the total C stocks, respectively. Tree C stock showed a significant positive relationship with tree basal area (R 2 = 0.968). A total of five tree species belonging to four families were found to be vulnerable in Central India. The present study reveals that the sacred groves of Central India are species rich, have higher C stocks and sequestration potential in both vegetation and soil, and calls for an immediate attention for conservation and planning for long-term C sequestration.
Solanum diphyllum L. (Solanaceae)–A new record for Madhya Pradesh, India
International Journal of Botany Studies, 2021
Allometric equations for biomass and carbon stock estimation of small diameter woody species from tropical dry deciduous forests: Support to REDD+
Trees, Forests and People
Wood specific gravity in Indian forests: A review
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Plant functional traits best explain invasive species’ performance within a dynamic ecosystem - A review
Trees, Forests and People
WSGDI: A database of wood specific gravity for Indian forests
Wood specific gravity (WSG) is an important component in biomass estimation through non-destructi... more Wood specific gravity (WSG) is an important component in biomass estimation through non-destructive allometric approach. However, a number of factors like climatic condition, soil, disturbance, management practice, geographic location etc. have huge impact on WSG variation. The present data set provides a collective WSG data for different species (333) consisting of 711 individuals procured from already published research paper for 11 forest groups of India occurring in different climatic and edaphic conditions. It also includes WSG data of a number of juvenile tree species for tropical dry deciduous forest. A number of studies in India have not considered WSG value in biomass estimation of juvenile trees. However, previous reports of Chaturvedi et al. (2012) suggested that the use of WSG in biomass estimation provide better result than using only the diameter and height as variables. It also includes samples/ species column for getting information about the number of samples consid...
Spatial pattern of tree diversity and impacts of ecological disturbances on forest structure in tropical deciduous forests of Central India
Biotropica
The number of tree species on Earth
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, ... more One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproport...
Role of Major Forest Biomes in Climate Change Mitigation: An Eco-Biological Perspective
Environmental Science and Engineering
Impact of Forest Fire Frequency on Tree Diversity and Species Regeneration in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
Journal of Sustainable Forestry
Tropical Plant Research, Dec 31, 2019
Biological invasion is considered as one of the major threats to native ecosystems. Here, we revi... more Biological invasion is considered as one of the major threats to native ecosystems. Here, we review the impacts of invasive plants on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of ecosystem functioning. Introduction of invasive plants impact ecosystems profoundly in a multitude of ways by modifying the physical (soil temperature, soil moisture, etc.), chemical (elemental composition, litter dynamics, nutrient cycles, allelopathy, etc.) and biological components (plant community structure, soil microbial biota and fauna). Most studies have shown a negative feedback of biological invasion on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ecosystems. Very often, a positive feedback has been generated between the physico-chemical and biological aspects that favour invasion success. Hence, the in-depth and long-term monitoring is needed to focus on the impact of invasive plants on the species diversity, soil biogeochemistry for better understanding of plant invasion processes in ecosystems, so that proper management strategies could be developed for combating the negative impacts of plant invasion.
Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India
Global Ecology and Conservation, Apr 1, 2020
The looming threat of profenofos organophosphate and microbes in action for their sustainable degradation
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 30, 2024
Organophosphates are the most extensively used class of pesticides to deal with increasing pest d... more Organophosphates are the most extensively used class of pesticides to deal with increasing pest diversity and produce more on limited terrestrial areas to feed the ever-expanding global population. Profenofos, an organophosphate group of non-systematic insecticides and acaricides, is used to combat aphids, cotton bollworms, tobacco budworms, beet armyworms, spider mites, and lygus bugs. Profenofos was inducted into the system as a replacement for chlorpyrifos due to its lower toxicity and half-life. It has become a significant environmental concern due to its widespread presence. It accumulates in various environmental components, contaminating food, water, and air. As a neurotoxic poison, it inhibits acetylcholinesterase receptor activity, leading to dizziness, paralysis, and pest death. It also affects other eukaryotes, such as pollinators, birds, mammals, and invertebrates, affecting ecosystem functioning. Microbes directly expose themselves to profenofos and adapt to these toxic compounds over time. Microbes use these toxic compounds as carbon and energy sources and it is a sustainable and economical method to eliminate profenofos from the environment. This article explores the studies and developments in the bioremediation of profenofos, its impact on plants, pollinators, and humans, and the policies and laws related to pesticide regulation. The goal is to raise awareness about the global threat of profenofos and the role of policymakers in managing pesticide mismanagement.
Foliar spraying of chlorpyrifos induces morphometric changes in Glycine max (L.) and shifts native soil microbiome
Emerging contaminants, Sep 1, 2024
Pesticide usage alters plant growth, and development and disturbs native soil microbiome. The pre... more Pesticide usage alters plant growth, and development and disturbs native soil microbiome. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Chlorpyrifos (CP-20% EC) on the growth and development of soybean (Glycine max), soil fertility, and soil microbiome. We conducted a pot experiment to assess the impact of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos; recommended dose (RD) and higher dose rates (2Â and 4Â RD). Chlorpyrifos application significantly altered the growth parameters in soybean (p < 0.05). At higher concentrations (2Â and 4Â RD) shoot length (17.16 ± 1.04; 14.33 ± 1.15, p < 0.05), root length (3.40 ± 0.36; 2.66 ± 0.28, p < 0.050), leaf count (6.33 ± 0.57; 2.66 ± 0.57; p < 0.05) reduced significantly compared to RD and Control groups. Similarly at these concentrations (2Â and 4Â RD), significant reduction in fresh shoot weight (0.86 ± 0.008; 0.66 ± 0.002, p < 0.05), dry shoot weight (0.14 ± 0.001; 0.13 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) and root fresh weight (0.13 ± 0.001; 0.09 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) and root dry weight (0.030 ± 0.0005, 0.037 ± 0.003, p < 0.05) was observed compared to the RD and control group. Notably, a significant increase in root and shoot morphometric parameters was observed in RD compared to control (p < 0.05). All the physio-chemical properties such as pH (8.51 ± 0.82), moisture content (33.73 ± 0.04), and electrical conductivity (3.44 ± 0.03) were higher in CP-treated soils compared to control. Similarly, nutrient content such as nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen were significantly reduced in treated soils compared to control. Elemental analysis showed higher concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb in CP-treated
Plant functional traits best explain invasive species’ performance within a dynamic ecosystem - A review
Trees, Forests and People
Evaluating the role of roadside vegetation in atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation: a case study
Arboricultural Journal
Sacred groves of Central India: Diversity status, carbon storage, and conservation strategies
Biotropica
Effect of Forest Fire on Tree Species Diversity in the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh, Central India
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Journal of Threatened Taxa
The study was carried out in Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, central India. The forest is classifie... more The study was carried out in Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, central India. The forest is classified as a tropical dry deciduous type, with teak Tectona grandis as the predominant species. Extensive field trips were carried out during 2018–2020 to document the medicinally important tree species. The medicinal importance of these plants was recorded through interviews, group discussions with local tribal communities and on the basis of the literature available. Enumeration of tree species in this area showed occurrence of 50 tree species belonging to 37 genera and 21 families. The study further observed that several species were being used as traditional medicine by the local tribal folks, traditional healers in the study area, and also by pharmaceutical industries. The study observed that some species in the sanctuary were rare due to several developmental projects, forest destruction, and over-exploitation. The study provides details about the botanical identity, family, local name,...
Data for: Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India
Data is associated with the submitted manuscript title " Climate models predict a divergent ... more Data is associated with the submitted manuscript title " Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India"
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C)... more Sacred groves are small or large patches of forest and are rich in biodiversity, store carbon (C) in biomass and soil, besides providing important ecosystem services. However, the information on tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in sacred groves of Central India, Madhya Pradesh is elusive and fragmented. In the present study, 41 sacred groves were inventoried for tree species diversity, biomass, and C storage in vegetation and soil. A total of 103 tree species from 81 genera belonging to 37 families were recorded. Shannon's diversity, Dominance, Fisher's alpha, and species evenness indices for trees varied: 0.77-2.53, 0.07-0.64, 1.58-20.37, and 0.28-0.90 respectively. Tree density ranged 75-675 no. of stems ha −1 with a mean of 271 no. of stems ha −1 , while basal area ranged 6.8-47 m 2 ha −1 with a mean value of 27 m 2 ha −1. Tree biomass ranged 34.9-409.8 Mg ha −1 with a mean value of 194.01 Mg ha −1 , while, tree C ranged between 17.5 and 204.9 Mg C ha −1 with a mean value of 97.0 Mg C ha −1. The total soil organic carbon stock (0-30 cm) ranged from 22.4 to 112.5 Mg C ha −1 with the mean value of 62 Mg C ha −1. Biomass C and SOC contributed 61% and 39% of the total C stocks, respectively. Tree C stock showed a significant positive relationship with tree basal area (R 2 = 0.968). A total of five tree species belonging to four families were found to be vulnerable in Central India. The present study reveals that the sacred groves of Central India are species rich, have higher C stocks and sequestration potential in both vegetation and soil, and calls for an immediate attention for conservation and planning for long-term C sequestration.
Solanum diphyllum L. (Solanaceae)–A new record for Madhya Pradesh, India
International Journal of Botany Studies, 2021
Allometric equations for biomass and carbon stock estimation of small diameter woody species from tropical dry deciduous forests: Support to REDD+
Trees, Forests and People
Wood specific gravity in Indian forests: A review
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Plant functional traits best explain invasive species’ performance within a dynamic ecosystem - A review
Trees, Forests and People
WSGDI: A database of wood specific gravity for Indian forests
Wood specific gravity (WSG) is an important component in biomass estimation through non-destructi... more Wood specific gravity (WSG) is an important component in biomass estimation through non-destructive allometric approach. However, a number of factors like climatic condition, soil, disturbance, management practice, geographic location etc. have huge impact on WSG variation. The present data set provides a collective WSG data for different species (333) consisting of 711 individuals procured from already published research paper for 11 forest groups of India occurring in different climatic and edaphic conditions. It also includes WSG data of a number of juvenile tree species for tropical dry deciduous forest. A number of studies in India have not considered WSG value in biomass estimation of juvenile trees. However, previous reports of Chaturvedi et al. (2012) suggested that the use of WSG in biomass estimation provide better result than using only the diameter and height as variables. It also includes samples/ species column for getting information about the number of samples consid...
Spatial pattern of tree diversity and impacts of ecological disturbances on forest structure in tropical deciduous forests of Central India
Biotropica
The number of tree species on Earth
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, ... more One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproport...
Role of Major Forest Biomes in Climate Change Mitigation: An Eco-Biological Perspective
Environmental Science and Engineering
Impact of Forest Fire Frequency on Tree Diversity and Species Regeneration in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Panna Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
Journal of Sustainable Forestry
Tropical Plant Research, Dec 31, 2019
Biological invasion is considered as one of the major threats to native ecosystems. Here, we revi... more Biological invasion is considered as one of the major threats to native ecosystems. Here, we review the impacts of invasive plants on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of ecosystem functioning. Introduction of invasive plants impact ecosystems profoundly in a multitude of ways by modifying the physical (soil temperature, soil moisture, etc.), chemical (elemental composition, litter dynamics, nutrient cycles, allelopathy, etc.) and biological components (plant community structure, soil microbial biota and fauna). Most studies have shown a negative feedback of biological invasion on the physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ecosystems. Very often, a positive feedback has been generated between the physico-chemical and biological aspects that favour invasion success. Hence, the in-depth and long-term monitoring is needed to focus on the impact of invasive plants on the species diversity, soil biogeochemistry for better understanding of plant invasion processes in ecosystems, so that proper management strategies could be developed for combating the negative impacts of plant invasion.
Climate models predict a divergent future for the medicinal tree Boswellia serrata Roxb. in India
Global Ecology and Conservation, Apr 1, 2020