noordin ahmad | Universiti Putra Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by noordin ahmad

Problems and concerns over water lack would affect irrigated agriculture. Iraq suffers from short... more Problems and concerns over water lack would affect irrigated agriculture. Iraq suffers from shortage water and the principle use of water is for irrigation. Hence, better performance of irrigation saves more water, which can be used for other purposes. The objective of the research is to assess the irrigation performance in Al-Hindiyah barrage located in Babil city, in middle of Iraq using GIS and remote sensing. In order to achieve this objective, performance of the irrigation season for 2014 was defined upon five indicators, namely relative water supply, general consumed ratio, relative evapotranspiration, depleted fraction and crop water deficit. Actual and potential parameters of evapotranspiration used in determination of these indicators were estimated depending on the method of Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) by using a series of Landsat OLI satellite images. The range of seasonal averages of these indicators was between (0.138 and 2.704) for overall consumed proportion (0.395-7.129) for relative water supply (0.061-1.136) for depleted fraction (0.407-0.464) for relative evapotranspiration and (200.757-247.474) mm/month for crop water deficit. The result of this study indicated that the performance of the irrigation was poor according to the average of seasonal values of all performance indicators. The performance indicators revealed that the supplied irrigation water was less than needed. Thus, it was determined that nearness to the source might be an advantage to obtain water, and there should be a concurrence between the period when water is provided and the period when it is needed.

International journal of environmental science and development, 2017

Detailed and small scale mapping of urban surface materials is challenging and difficult; due to ... more Detailed and small scale mapping of urban surface materials is challenging and difficult; due to spectral and spatial heterogeneity of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper investigates the comparative assessment of object-based classifications including fuzzy rulebased and supervised Support Vector Machine (SVM) to perform detailed characterization of urban classes. In this study, image classifications were applied to combine the attributes of WorldView-2 (WV-2) imagery and LiDAR data. Image segmentation and merging objects was used for both classifiers to construct the spectral, spatial, textural, and elevation attributes. Classification result of supervised SVM contained mixed objects and misclassifications of impervious surfaces and other urban features. This classification achieved 85.02% overall accuracy. Rule-based classifier performed better than supervised SVM resulting in finer discrimination of spatially and spectrally similar objects. The overall accuracy of rule-based classification was 93.07%. This study showed that, rule-based feature extraction more accurately can characterize the heterogeneities and diversities of urban areas. This approach was flexible in extracting the urban targets from WV2 imagery and LiDAR data. Therefore, effective separation of urban surface materials was achieved by rule-based classifier.

Real-time and remote earthquake monitoring is a powerful tool in developing an Early Warning Syst... more Real-time and remote earthquake monitoring is a powerful tool in developing an Early Warning System (EWS). The Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) has the system implemented all over Malaysia since 2004. This paper describes the modeling of felt earthquake events in Ranau, Sabah, West of Malaysia, which observed active seismic activities since 2008. Due to its remote area, geostationary (GEO) satellite network is used to transmit the seismic data to the processing centre. Seismic data from six felt earthquake events are modeled and analysed. In particular, displacement (D), accelerated velocity (V) and acceleration (A) from 2008 to 2014 are analysed and discussed. The feasibility of modeling two outstanding felt earthquake events is assessed using Gaussian distribution with reasonable RMSE values.

The rapid growth of Halal product market creates high demand for the logistic system to ensure th... more The rapid growth of Halal product market creates high demand for the logistic system to ensure the reliability of product during the transportation process. However, due to contamination, pilferage and chance of breakage in the supply chain, the reliability of the current status of halal product has been questioned that leads to the initiative of developing a new tracking system to monitor the movement of the product. Aiming at monitoring and reducing the possibility of cross contamination that might occur during the transportation process, the Halaltracer tracking system was developed using the combinations of Global Positioning System (GPS) and geofence algorithm. The Halaltracer tracking system is significantly contributing in terms of automatic detection on the spatial activity taken during the halal product's shipment process. Apart from providing spatial information about the delivery session and the route taken, the system also can detect the possibility of cross contamination by monitoring in real time the stopping of vehicles using a ray casting algorithm applied to the geofence technique used in the system. A functional prototype device with a web based interface for reporting function was completely built and tested in different kind of situation. The testing showed that the proposed model was capable of presenting a report of tracking which compliant the requirement of managing Halal product. In conclusion, these Halaltracer system will improve the traceability of Halal product during transportation by focusing on the Halal part thus, adding the credibility of consumer confidence in consuming the Halal products.

The increasing awareness on the reliability of Halal supply chain that include the logistic proce... more The increasing awareness on the reliability of Halal supply chain that include the logistic process leads to the initiative to obtain standard verification on operations procedure in accordance with Halal standard requirement. The chance of breakage, contamination and pilferage in supply chain of the goods during transportation process is higher due to lack of information sharing and other party not practicing Halal supply chain. Thus, this will lead to the risk of Halal become non-compliant to Halal requirement. Conventionally, the control of Halal logistic industries were done manually with no real time track and trace system that unable to verify doubtful event during the transportation process. The proposed system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the movement of Halal transportation. Geo fences of Halal operators are created to give alert on event occur during transportation process. This geo fences monitoring technique enables the operator to identify the location where the goods are dropped and therefore give information whether the goods have been dropped at the right designated area. A detailed trace of vehicle movement with highlight of the potential chain break is expected to be reported in the forms of map and tabular report. Overall, the proposed system will facilitate JAKIM to take proactive action on suspicious event occur during transportation process.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

One of the challenges to innovate and create an IoT -enabled solution is in monitoring and manage... more One of the challenges to innovate and create an IoT -enabled solution is in monitoring and management of the environment. Waste collection utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) with the technology of smart wireless sensors will able to gather fill-level data from waste containers hence providing a waste monitoring solution that brings up savings in waste collection costs. One of the challenges to the local authority is how to monitor the works of contractor effective and efficiently in waste management. This paper will propose to the local authority the implementation of smart waste management in Malaysia to improve the city management and to provide better services to the public towards smart city applications.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

Spatial information has introduced a new sense of urgency for a better understanding of the publi... more Spatial information has introduced a new sense of urgency for a better understanding of the public needs in term of what, when and where they need services and through which devices, platform or physical locations they need them. The objective of this project is to value- add existing license management process for business premises which comes under the responsibility of Local Authority (PBT). Manipulation of geospatial and tracing technology via mobile platform allows enforcement officers to work in real-time, use a standardized system, improve service delivery, and optimize operation management. This paper will augment the scope and capabilities of proposed concept namely, Smart Licensing/Enforcement Management (SLEm). It will review the current licensing and enforcement practice of selected PBT in comparison to the enhanced method. As a result, the new enhanced system is expected to offer a total solution for licensing/enforcement management whilst increasing efficiency and transparency for smart city management and governance.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

Facilities and amenities management is amongst the core functionalities of local government. Cons... more Facilities and amenities management is amongst the core functionalities of local government. Considering the vast area that local government has to manage, a smart solution is extremely inevitable to solve issues such as inefficient maintenance of public parks, drainage system and so forth. Therefore, this paper aims to offer a smart city solution which exploits the benefit of space technology. This proposed solution is one of the modules developed in Spatial Smart City Service Delivery Engine (SSC SDE) Project undertaken by Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA). Various levels of local government have been chosen to understand real issues faced by them. Based on this data, a Smart Facility application has been developed with the aim to enhance the service delivery by the local government hence improving citizens' satisfaction. Since this project is still in progress, this paper will merely discussing the concept of this application.

Engineering

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by... more Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image' bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image' bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Jul 14, 2019

The housing price in Kuala Lumpur is more expensive than other areas in Malaysia. The mismatch be... more The housing price in Kuala Lumpur is more expensive than other areas in Malaysia. The mismatch between demand and supply is not due to lack of supply, but the constraint is on the supply of housing that can be accessed especially by the middle income households. Apart from housing price and household income, housing type is also a crucial factor that directly influences housing affordability in Kuala Lumpur. Terraced and high-rise houses are favoured and within affordable means of the middle income groups. Analysis of the housing price index for these two types in Kuala Lumpur plotted against Malaysia Housing Price Index (MHPI) from 2000 to 2016 portrayed that both exceeded the rate of MHPI with a higher value and sharper gradient in the terraced house index, signifying rapid increment in their values. Detail analysis was also carried out on these two types using Price to Income ratio method to calculate housing affordability. Kuala Lumpur seems to fall into the seriously to severely unaffordable household category at Price-Income ratios of 4.27 to 6.76 for terraced and highrise, respectively.

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2017

In this paper, an ensemble method, which demonstrated efficiency in GIS based flood modeling, was... more In this paper, an ensemble method, which demonstrated efficiency in GIS based flood modeling, was used to create flood probability indices for the Damansara River catchment in Malaysia. To estimate flood probability, the frequency ratio (FR) approach was combined with support vector machine (SVM) using a radial basis function kernel. Thirteen flood conditioning parameters, namely, altitude, aspect, slope, curvature, stream power index, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index, topographic roughness index, distance from river, geology, soil, surface runoff, and land use/cover (LULC), were selected. Each class of conditioning factor was weighted using the FR approach and entered as input for SVM modeling to optimize all the parameters. The flood hazard map was produced by combining the flood probability map with flood-triggering factors such as; averaged daily rainfall and flood inundation depth. Subsequently, the hydraulic 2D high-resolution sub-grid model (HRS) was applied to estimate the flood inundation depth. Furthermore, vulnerability weights were assigned to each element at risk based on their importance. Finally flood risk map was generated. The results of this research demonstrated that the proposed approach would be effective for flood risk management in the study area along the expressway and could be easily replicated in other areas.

Geocarto International, 2017

This study proposes a strategy for accurate mapping of rubber trees through the analysis of Lands... more This study proposes a strategy for accurate mapping of rubber trees through the analysis of Landsat time series datasets. The phenological dynamics of rubber trees were derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to verify the three important phenological metrics of rubber trees; defoliation, foliation and their growing stages. A decade (2006-2015) ago, Landsat time series NDVIs were used to study the strength of relationship between rubber trees, evergreen trees and oil palm trees. Two important results that could discriminate these three types of vegetation were found; firstly, a weak relationship of NDVIs between rubber trees and evergreen trees during the defoliation period (r 2 = 0.1358) and secondly between rubber trees and oil palm trees during the growing period (r 2 = 0.2029). This analysis was verified using Support Vector Machine to map the distribution of the three types of vegetation. An accurate mapping strategy of rubber trees was successfully formulated.

Highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is not easy to be obtained by individuals mainly be... more Highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is not easy to be obtained by individuals mainly because access for data is strictly limited from public use. Other factors include partial area of coverage, timely work and high cost from conducting traditional land surveying. These matters become more difficult especially in highland areas where ground surveying could not penetrate every corner of the area. With the latest technology from satellite imagery, restrictions could be resolved because free DEM data covering almost the entire Earth surface and digital copies are available for download from the internet. However, reliability of open-source DEM data still needs to be studied especially in priority areas such as highland areas with dense vegetation. This study will access on the performance of free DEM data, namely ASTER GDEM 30 meters and SRTM DEM 30 meters followed by assessment to compare these data with official contour maps generated from JUPEM at 20 meters' interval. T...

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016

Geospatial technology is a term used to describe the range of modern tools contributing to the ge... more Geospatial technology is a term used to describe the range of modern tools contributing to the geographic mapping and analyses which typically involve Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). By manipulating these tools, users can easily plan ahead, scrutinize each data, improve service delivery, and optimize operation management. Field/on-site workers is defined as those who work most of their time away from their main office and get connected via mobile and wireless devices. This paper will demonstrate a methodology to integrate geospatial technology with selected sensors to increase the on-site operations and management using mobile platform and optimize the workflows allowing real-time tracking and monitoring

Unplanned population growth, alongside unplanned development, lack of good housing and inadequate... more Unplanned population growth, alongside unplanned development, lack of good housing and inadequate infrastructure resulted in a lot of slums and informal settlements in Iraqi cities. In 1980s there were major housing shortage in Iraq as a result of war and political instability which led to economic meltdown. Kirkuk city was one of the most affected cities by multiethnic crises as a result of employment, housing and local government members’ concentration in Kirkuk which led to political and economic migration. Suitable site selection for housing is complicated not just because it has to do with technical procedures and topography but due to environmental, social and political issues which can lead to conflict. Hence, this study seeks to discover the suitable site selection for housing using Geographical Information System (GIS), high resolution remote sensing data and multi criteria analysis (MCA).

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Jul 4, 2014

This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city base... more This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city based on its real world use regarding specific criteria and sub-criteria. The city of Bandar Abbas is considered as the most important commercial and economic city of Iran. It is also considered as one of the major cities of Iran which has played a pivotal role in the country's development and progress in recent years especially after the end of Iran-Iraq war owing to its embracing the country's main commercial ports. This process has caused the immigration rate into the city to rise significantly over the past 20 years. Thus, the development of the city is meanwhile considered as a high priority. Bandar Abbas city does not have a rich capacity for growth and development due to its special geographical situation being located in coastal border. Among the limitations placed in the city's development way, natural limitations (heights and sea shore) in the northern and southern parts of the city and structural limitations (military centers) in the east and west sides of the city may be referred. Therefore, identifying the suitable lands for urban development within Bandar Abbas city limits is becoming an essential priority. Therefore, different quantitative and qualitative criteria have been studied in order to select and identify these lands. The structures of qualitative criteria for most parts involve ambiguities and vagueness. This leads us to use Fuzzy logic in this study as a natural method for determining the solutions for problems of Multicriteria decision making (MCDM). In the current research, a combination of MCDM methods has been presented for analysis. To assignee weights of the criteria Fuzzy AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is used for land selection and Fuzzy TOPSIS (method for order priority by similarity to ideal solution) is utilized to choose the alternative that is the most appropriate through these criteria weights. The sensitivity analysis of the results is included in the research.

Evapotranspiration is one of the major parameter in the hydrologic cycle. Standard measurements o... more Evapotranspiration is one of the major parameter in the hydrologic cycle. Standard measurements of this parameter is quite complex due to various factors such as variation of precipitation amount, spatial variation by latitude and longitude and changes in environment and specific site conditions. Although of this complexity, various methods were developed to estimate actual and potential Evapotranspiration such as Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method. SEBAL model calculates heat latent flux mostly from remotely sensed data. This paper aims to evaluate the SEBAL model for actual Evapotranspirationestimation in Al-babil city in Iraq usinga SEBAL toolbox developed for ArcGIS software. The toolbox was evaluated with two reference actual Evapotranspiration datasets from Al-babil metrological stations. Overall accuracy of (푅2=0.86 ) for the first dataset on March and (푅2=0.85) for the second dataset on September were achieved. The result of this research indicates that...

Engineering, 2022

The Near-equatorial orbit (NEqO) satellite represents a new generation of optical satellite image... more The Near-equatorial orbit (NEqO) satellite represents a new generation of optical satellite images characterized by nonlinear distortion when captured. Conventional modeling techniques are insufficient to overcome the geometric distortion in these satellite images. This study proposes a new methodology for overcoming the geometric distortion of the NEqO images. The data used are obtained from RazakSAT and SPOT-5 satellite images in Malaysia. The method starts with applying the RI-SIFT algorithm to extract control points (CPs) automatically. These CPs are used to solve for the transformation parameters of the geometric correction model by applying spline transformations. The result is verified through statistical comparison: 1) geometric correction on the RazakSAT image is performed with Spot satellite image with using first-order polynomial transformation. 2) Then calculate the root mean square error (RMSE). 3) Compare the calculated RMSE with that obtained from the first step with that of the proposed method. The RMSE value of the geometric corrections using the proposed method was 7.08 × 10 −9 m. The proposed method provides promising results.

Problems and concerns over water lack would affect irrigated agriculture. Iraq suffers from short... more Problems and concerns over water lack would affect irrigated agriculture. Iraq suffers from shortage water and the principle use of water is for irrigation. Hence, better performance of irrigation saves more water, which can be used for other purposes. The objective of the research is to assess the irrigation performance in Al-Hindiyah barrage located in Babil city, in middle of Iraq using GIS and remote sensing. In order to achieve this objective, performance of the irrigation season for 2014 was defined upon five indicators, namely relative water supply, general consumed ratio, relative evapotranspiration, depleted fraction and crop water deficit. Actual and potential parameters of evapotranspiration used in determination of these indicators were estimated depending on the method of Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) by using a series of Landsat OLI satellite images. The range of seasonal averages of these indicators was between (0.138 and 2.704) for overall consumed proportion (0.395-7.129) for relative water supply (0.061-1.136) for depleted fraction (0.407-0.464) for relative evapotranspiration and (200.757-247.474) mm/month for crop water deficit. The result of this study indicated that the performance of the irrigation was poor according to the average of seasonal values of all performance indicators. The performance indicators revealed that the supplied irrigation water was less than needed. Thus, it was determined that nearness to the source might be an advantage to obtain water, and there should be a concurrence between the period when water is provided and the period when it is needed.

International journal of environmental science and development, 2017

Detailed and small scale mapping of urban surface materials is challenging and difficult; due to ... more Detailed and small scale mapping of urban surface materials is challenging and difficult; due to spectral and spatial heterogeneity of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper investigates the comparative assessment of object-based classifications including fuzzy rulebased and supervised Support Vector Machine (SVM) to perform detailed characterization of urban classes. In this study, image classifications were applied to combine the attributes of WorldView-2 (WV-2) imagery and LiDAR data. Image segmentation and merging objects was used for both classifiers to construct the spectral, spatial, textural, and elevation attributes. Classification result of supervised SVM contained mixed objects and misclassifications of impervious surfaces and other urban features. This classification achieved 85.02% overall accuracy. Rule-based classifier performed better than supervised SVM resulting in finer discrimination of spatially and spectrally similar objects. The overall accuracy of rule-based classification was 93.07%. This study showed that, rule-based feature extraction more accurately can characterize the heterogeneities and diversities of urban areas. This approach was flexible in extracting the urban targets from WV2 imagery and LiDAR data. Therefore, effective separation of urban surface materials was achieved by rule-based classifier.

Real-time and remote earthquake monitoring is a powerful tool in developing an Early Warning Syst... more Real-time and remote earthquake monitoring is a powerful tool in developing an Early Warning System (EWS). The Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) has the system implemented all over Malaysia since 2004. This paper describes the modeling of felt earthquake events in Ranau, Sabah, West of Malaysia, which observed active seismic activities since 2008. Due to its remote area, geostationary (GEO) satellite network is used to transmit the seismic data to the processing centre. Seismic data from six felt earthquake events are modeled and analysed. In particular, displacement (D), accelerated velocity (V) and acceleration (A) from 2008 to 2014 are analysed and discussed. The feasibility of modeling two outstanding felt earthquake events is assessed using Gaussian distribution with reasonable RMSE values.

The rapid growth of Halal product market creates high demand for the logistic system to ensure th... more The rapid growth of Halal product market creates high demand for the logistic system to ensure the reliability of product during the transportation process. However, due to contamination, pilferage and chance of breakage in the supply chain, the reliability of the current status of halal product has been questioned that leads to the initiative of developing a new tracking system to monitor the movement of the product. Aiming at monitoring and reducing the possibility of cross contamination that might occur during the transportation process, the Halaltracer tracking system was developed using the combinations of Global Positioning System (GPS) and geofence algorithm. The Halaltracer tracking system is significantly contributing in terms of automatic detection on the spatial activity taken during the halal product's shipment process. Apart from providing spatial information about the delivery session and the route taken, the system also can detect the possibility of cross contamination by monitoring in real time the stopping of vehicles using a ray casting algorithm applied to the geofence technique used in the system. A functional prototype device with a web based interface for reporting function was completely built and tested in different kind of situation. The testing showed that the proposed model was capable of presenting a report of tracking which compliant the requirement of managing Halal product. In conclusion, these Halaltracer system will improve the traceability of Halal product during transportation by focusing on the Halal part thus, adding the credibility of consumer confidence in consuming the Halal products.

The increasing awareness on the reliability of Halal supply chain that include the logistic proce... more The increasing awareness on the reliability of Halal supply chain that include the logistic process leads to the initiative to obtain standard verification on operations procedure in accordance with Halal standard requirement. The chance of breakage, contamination and pilferage in supply chain of the goods during transportation process is higher due to lack of information sharing and other party not practicing Halal supply chain. Thus, this will lead to the risk of Halal become non-compliant to Halal requirement. Conventionally, the control of Halal logistic industries were done manually with no real time track and trace system that unable to verify doubtful event during the transportation process. The proposed system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to track the movement of Halal transportation. Geo fences of Halal operators are created to give alert on event occur during transportation process. This geo fences monitoring technique enables the operator to identify the location where the goods are dropped and therefore give information whether the goods have been dropped at the right designated area. A detailed trace of vehicle movement with highlight of the potential chain break is expected to be reported in the forms of map and tabular report. Overall, the proposed system will facilitate JAKIM to take proactive action on suspicious event occur during transportation process.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

One of the challenges to innovate and create an IoT -enabled solution is in monitoring and manage... more One of the challenges to innovate and create an IoT -enabled solution is in monitoring and management of the environment. Waste collection utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) with the technology of smart wireless sensors will able to gather fill-level data from waste containers hence providing a waste monitoring solution that brings up savings in waste collection costs. One of the challenges to the local authority is how to monitor the works of contractor effective and efficiently in waste management. This paper will propose to the local authority the implementation of smart waste management in Malaysia to improve the city management and to provide better services to the public towards smart city applications.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

Spatial information has introduced a new sense of urgency for a better understanding of the publi... more Spatial information has introduced a new sense of urgency for a better understanding of the public needs in term of what, when and where they need services and through which devices, platform or physical locations they need them. The objective of this project is to value- add existing license management process for business premises which comes under the responsibility of Local Authority (PBT). Manipulation of geospatial and tracing technology via mobile platform allows enforcement officers to work in real-time, use a standardized system, improve service delivery, and optimize operation management. This paper will augment the scope and capabilities of proposed concept namely, Smart Licensing/Enforcement Management (SLEm). It will review the current licensing and enforcement practice of selected PBT in comparison to the enhanced method. As a result, the new enhanced system is expected to offer a total solution for licensing/enforcement management whilst increasing efficiency and transparency for smart city management and governance.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016

Facilities and amenities management is amongst the core functionalities of local government. Cons... more Facilities and amenities management is amongst the core functionalities of local government. Considering the vast area that local government has to manage, a smart solution is extremely inevitable to solve issues such as inefficient maintenance of public parks, drainage system and so forth. Therefore, this paper aims to offer a smart city solution which exploits the benefit of space technology. This proposed solution is one of the modules developed in Spatial Smart City Service Delivery Engine (SSC SDE) Project undertaken by Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA). Various levels of local government have been chosen to understand real issues faced by them. Based on this data, a Smart Facility application has been developed with the aim to enhance the service delivery by the local government hence improving citizens' satisfaction. Since this project is still in progress, this paper will merely discussing the concept of this application.

Engineering

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by... more Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image' bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image' bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Jul 14, 2019

The housing price in Kuala Lumpur is more expensive than other areas in Malaysia. The mismatch be... more The housing price in Kuala Lumpur is more expensive than other areas in Malaysia. The mismatch between demand and supply is not due to lack of supply, but the constraint is on the supply of housing that can be accessed especially by the middle income households. Apart from housing price and household income, housing type is also a crucial factor that directly influences housing affordability in Kuala Lumpur. Terraced and high-rise houses are favoured and within affordable means of the middle income groups. Analysis of the housing price index for these two types in Kuala Lumpur plotted against Malaysia Housing Price Index (MHPI) from 2000 to 2016 portrayed that both exceeded the rate of MHPI with a higher value and sharper gradient in the terraced house index, signifying rapid increment in their values. Detail analysis was also carried out on these two types using Price to Income ratio method to calculate housing affordability. Kuala Lumpur seems to fall into the seriously to severely unaffordable household category at Price-Income ratios of 4.27 to 6.76 for terraced and highrise, respectively.

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2017

In this paper, an ensemble method, which demonstrated efficiency in GIS based flood modeling, was... more In this paper, an ensemble method, which demonstrated efficiency in GIS based flood modeling, was used to create flood probability indices for the Damansara River catchment in Malaysia. To estimate flood probability, the frequency ratio (FR) approach was combined with support vector machine (SVM) using a radial basis function kernel. Thirteen flood conditioning parameters, namely, altitude, aspect, slope, curvature, stream power index, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index, topographic roughness index, distance from river, geology, soil, surface runoff, and land use/cover (LULC), were selected. Each class of conditioning factor was weighted using the FR approach and entered as input for SVM modeling to optimize all the parameters. The flood hazard map was produced by combining the flood probability map with flood-triggering factors such as; averaged daily rainfall and flood inundation depth. Subsequently, the hydraulic 2D high-resolution sub-grid model (HRS) was applied to estimate the flood inundation depth. Furthermore, vulnerability weights were assigned to each element at risk based on their importance. Finally flood risk map was generated. The results of this research demonstrated that the proposed approach would be effective for flood risk management in the study area along the expressway and could be easily replicated in other areas.

Geocarto International, 2017

This study proposes a strategy for accurate mapping of rubber trees through the analysis of Lands... more This study proposes a strategy for accurate mapping of rubber trees through the analysis of Landsat time series datasets. The phenological dynamics of rubber trees were derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to verify the three important phenological metrics of rubber trees; defoliation, foliation and their growing stages. A decade (2006-2015) ago, Landsat time series NDVIs were used to study the strength of relationship between rubber trees, evergreen trees and oil palm trees. Two important results that could discriminate these three types of vegetation were found; firstly, a weak relationship of NDVIs between rubber trees and evergreen trees during the defoliation period (r 2 = 0.1358) and secondly between rubber trees and oil palm trees during the growing period (r 2 = 0.2029). This analysis was verified using Support Vector Machine to map the distribution of the three types of vegetation. An accurate mapping strategy of rubber trees was successfully formulated.

Highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is not easy to be obtained by individuals mainly be... more Highly accurate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is not easy to be obtained by individuals mainly because access for data is strictly limited from public use. Other factors include partial area of coverage, timely work and high cost from conducting traditional land surveying. These matters become more difficult especially in highland areas where ground surveying could not penetrate every corner of the area. With the latest technology from satellite imagery, restrictions could be resolved because free DEM data covering almost the entire Earth surface and digital copies are available for download from the internet. However, reliability of open-source DEM data still needs to be studied especially in priority areas such as highland areas with dense vegetation. This study will access on the performance of free DEM data, namely ASTER GDEM 30 meters and SRTM DEM 30 meters followed by assessment to compare these data with official contour maps generated from JUPEM at 20 meters' interval. T...

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016

Geospatial technology is a term used to describe the range of modern tools contributing to the ge... more Geospatial technology is a term used to describe the range of modern tools contributing to the geographic mapping and analyses which typically involve Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). By manipulating these tools, users can easily plan ahead, scrutinize each data, improve service delivery, and optimize operation management. Field/on-site workers is defined as those who work most of their time away from their main office and get connected via mobile and wireless devices. This paper will demonstrate a methodology to integrate geospatial technology with selected sensors to increase the on-site operations and management using mobile platform and optimize the workflows allowing real-time tracking and monitoring

Unplanned population growth, alongside unplanned development, lack of good housing and inadequate... more Unplanned population growth, alongside unplanned development, lack of good housing and inadequate infrastructure resulted in a lot of slums and informal settlements in Iraqi cities. In 1980s there were major housing shortage in Iraq as a result of war and political instability which led to economic meltdown. Kirkuk city was one of the most affected cities by multiethnic crises as a result of employment, housing and local government members’ concentration in Kirkuk which led to political and economic migration. Suitable site selection for housing is complicated not just because it has to do with technical procedures and topography but due to environmental, social and political issues which can lead to conflict. Hence, this study seeks to discover the suitable site selection for housing using Geographical Information System (GIS), high resolution remote sensing data and multi criteria analysis (MCA).

Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Jul 4, 2014

This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city base... more This study aims at identifying the suitable lands for urban development in Bandar Abbas city based on its real world use regarding specific criteria and sub-criteria. The city of Bandar Abbas is considered as the most important commercial and economic city of Iran. It is also considered as one of the major cities of Iran which has played a pivotal role in the country's development and progress in recent years especially after the end of Iran-Iraq war owing to its embracing the country's main commercial ports. This process has caused the immigration rate into the city to rise significantly over the past 20 years. Thus, the development of the city is meanwhile considered as a high priority. Bandar Abbas city does not have a rich capacity for growth and development due to its special geographical situation being located in coastal border. Among the limitations placed in the city's development way, natural limitations (heights and sea shore) in the northern and southern parts of the city and structural limitations (military centers) in the east and west sides of the city may be referred. Therefore, identifying the suitable lands for urban development within Bandar Abbas city limits is becoming an essential priority. Therefore, different quantitative and qualitative criteria have been studied in order to select and identify these lands. The structures of qualitative criteria for most parts involve ambiguities and vagueness. This leads us to use Fuzzy logic in this study as a natural method for determining the solutions for problems of Multicriteria decision making (MCDM). In the current research, a combination of MCDM methods has been presented for analysis. To assignee weights of the criteria Fuzzy AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is used for land selection and Fuzzy TOPSIS (method for order priority by similarity to ideal solution) is utilized to choose the alternative that is the most appropriate through these criteria weights. The sensitivity analysis of the results is included in the research.

Evapotranspiration is one of the major parameter in the hydrologic cycle. Standard measurements o... more Evapotranspiration is one of the major parameter in the hydrologic cycle. Standard measurements of this parameter is quite complex due to various factors such as variation of precipitation amount, spatial variation by latitude and longitude and changes in environment and specific site conditions. Although of this complexity, various methods were developed to estimate actual and potential Evapotranspiration such as Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) method. SEBAL model calculates heat latent flux mostly from remotely sensed data. This paper aims to evaluate the SEBAL model for actual Evapotranspirationestimation in Al-babil city in Iraq usinga SEBAL toolbox developed for ArcGIS software. The toolbox was evaluated with two reference actual Evapotranspiration datasets from Al-babil metrological stations. Overall accuracy of (푅2=0.86 ) for the first dataset on March and (푅2=0.85) for the second dataset on September were achieved. The result of this research indicates that...

Engineering, 2022

The Near-equatorial orbit (NEqO) satellite represents a new generation of optical satellite image... more The Near-equatorial orbit (NEqO) satellite represents a new generation of optical satellite images characterized by nonlinear distortion when captured. Conventional modeling techniques are insufficient to overcome the geometric distortion in these satellite images. This study proposes a new methodology for overcoming the geometric distortion of the NEqO images. The data used are obtained from RazakSAT and SPOT-5 satellite images in Malaysia. The method starts with applying the RI-SIFT algorithm to extract control points (CPs) automatically. These CPs are used to solve for the transformation parameters of the geometric correction model by applying spline transformations. The result is verified through statistical comparison: 1) geometric correction on the RazakSAT image is performed with Spot satellite image with using first-order polynomial transformation. 2) Then calculate the root mean square error (RMSE). 3) Compare the calculated RMSE with that obtained from the first step with that of the proposed method. The RMSE value of the geometric corrections using the proposed method was 7.08 × 10 −9 m. The proposed method provides promising results.