Soma.m Ghorai | University of Delhi (original) (raw)

Papers by Soma.m Ghorai

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Apple Academic Press eBooks, Feb 27, 2022

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, Apr 1, 2016

Toll? Like Receptors (TLRs) are the most examined class of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) w... more Toll? Like Receptors (TLRs) are the most examined class of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) which perceive exogenous Pathogen? Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and are prime sentinels of inborn invulnerability. Reptiles being the non-ordinary model life forms stay an under denied class in the investigation of structure, capacity, and ligand explicitness of TLRs aside from barely any examinations distributed as of late. Among them, TLR5 is the main protein detecting receptor assuming an inescapable part in the flagging course associated with intrinsic invulnerability by perceiving bacterial flagellin. The inaccessibility of auxiliary and ligand restricting data of this receptor to date; guided us to show its ligand restricting area and docking with flagellin. The presence of a few homologous proteins having impressive character and inclusion empowered us to develop a dependable 3D model of TLR5 ligand restricting the area of Indo-Asian divider reptile Hemidactylus flaviviridis (hfTLR5). Tentatively, explained the gem structure of Zebrafish TLR5-N14VLR in complex with Bacillus subtilis flagellin (bsflagellin) was utilized as a format to complete layout based atomic docking examines. Relative investigation of docking energies and protein??? ligand communications of the apparent multitude of ligands uncovered that bsflagellin deposits cooperate with hfTLR5 ligand restricting space through hydrogen-securities and hydrophobic collaborations positionally isolated at two interfaces which lie in recently detailed potential connecting district of TLR5. The portrayed side chain of problem area buildup bsflagellin ???R89??? was found to make the greatest contacts and is demonstrated embedded inside the cavity shaped by hfTLR5 cooperating deposits. Out of six, three buildups of hfTLR5 (H264, G267, and N274) were discovered to be preserved in practically all the vertebrate classes and four out of six deposits of flagellin were discovered to be indistinguishable in flagellins of TLR5 enacting microscopic organisms. The perplexing consequently got may assist us with bettering comprehend the working of hfTLR5, accordingly overcoming any barrier in the development of species-explicit host-organism collaborations. Vertebrates involve an exceptional gathering that displays momentous species wealth and a wide scope of environmental variations from amphibian to earthly territories. Variation to the complex pathogenic climate is a significant part of the biological transformations of vertebrates, forcing regular developmental weights on particles that structure direct interfaces between the host and microorganisms, for instance, design acknowledgment receptors. Cost like receptors (TLRs) have a place with one of the most fundamental and practically most portrayed example acknowledgment receptors assuming a pivotal function in natural insusceptibility invertebrates. As TLRs are legitimately situated at the host–climate interface and are possibly liable to coevolutionary elements with their pathogenic partners, they give a brilliant model to contemplating the regular choice brought about by pathogenic microorganisms on the vertebrate genome. Moreover, vertebrate TLRs have been the focal point of extraordinary examination, to a great extent due to the connection between TLR brokenness and a few sicknesses in people. TLRs, named after the Toll protein originally found in the organic product fly Drosophila melanogaster, is a gathering of developmentally antiquated layer bound sensors limited to plasma films and endosomes. By and large, prototypical metazoan TLR proteins are basically described by three significant spaces: a hydrophobic couple leucine-rich rehash (LRR) extracellular area (ECD) that intervenes the acknowledgment of microbe related atomic examples (PAMPs); a short transmembrane (TM) area; and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) flagging area (ICD) needed for transmission of a sign to downstream pathway segments. After official of PAMPs, human TLRs by and large enact NF-κB motioning by enrolling cytoplasmic TIR space containing connector proteins, for example, MyD88 and TRIF. In the end, MyD88-and TRIF-subordinate pathways initiate the record factors NF-κB, AP-1, and IRFs to evoke provocative and antipathogen reactions. Albeit practically all human TLRs use the MyD88-subordinate pathway, TLR3 actuation animates the TRIF-subordinate pathway to apply antiviral impacts. It has been known for quite a while that TLRs and the TLR-to-NF-?B pathway parts that they start are available in a wide assortment of living beings, from numerous basal metazoans to well-evolved creatures. Genomic information from differing life forms recommends that prototypical TLRs with three spaces initially showed up inside the phylum Cnidaria. TLRs can be grouped depending on the number of cysteine bunches in their ECDs: different cysteine bunch TLRs (mccTLRs) and…

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Background Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic opt... more Background Metallic nanoparticles from different natural sources exhibit superior therapeutic options as compared to the conventional methods. Selaginella species have attracted special attention of researchers worldwide due to the presence of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids, biflavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, tannins and other secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Environment friendly green synthesised silver nanoparticles from Selaginella species provide viable, safe and efficient treatment against different fungal pathogens. Objective This systematic review aims to summarise the literature pertaining to superior antifungal ability of green synthesised silver nanoparticles using plant extracts of Selaginella spp. in comparison to both aqueous and ethanolic raw plant extracts by electronically collecting articles from databases. Methods The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items fo...

Pharmaceutics

Among the challenges to the 21st-century health care industry, one that demands special mention i... more Among the challenges to the 21st-century health care industry, one that demands special mention is the transport of drugs/active pharmaceutical agents across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The epithelial-like tight junctions within the brain capillary endothelium hinder the uptake of most pharmaceutical agents. With an aim to understand more deeply the intricacies of cell-penetrating and targeted peptides as a powerful tool for desirable biological activity, we provide a critical review of both CPP and homing/targeted peptides as intracellular drug delivery agents, especially across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Two main peptides have been discussed to understand intracellular drug delivery; first is the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the targeted delivery of compounds of interest (primarily peptides and nucleic acids) and second is the family of homing peptides, which specifically targets cells/tissues based on their overexpression of tumour-specific markers and are thus at ...

Journal of Molecular Modeling

International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2022

The harmful effects of processed food have seen a worldwide increase in the number of people fall... more The harmful effects of processed food have seen a worldwide increase in the number of people falling prey to lifestyle-related diseases. The latest in the row of diseases striking humans has been the deadly COVID-19, which also we would like to critique as a consequence of reduced immunities besides compromised health and sanitation restrictions being exercised. Ironically, Indigenous people, despite their greater challenges with the natural elements, lower levels of infrastructural and medicinal access, we're able to garner their coping mechanisms to curb death counts in their communities. It was observed that support groups at the village level emerged along with traditional food choices as well as them choosing holistic ways of healing. This paper is an attempt to the forefront the idea of ‘going back to basics along with our modern-day lifestyles, dietary preferences, and food consumption patterns.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, Feb 28, 2017

Total Environment Research Themes

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Dec 1, 2022

Immunomodulators and Human Health

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 2021

Agricultural azoles are preferred antifungals used by farmers due to their high efficiency agains... more Agricultural azoles are preferred antifungals used by farmers due to their high efficiency against broad range of plant diseases like leaf rust, leaf spots, and powdery mildews. The past few decades have witnessed an unprecedented rise in their usage for crop protection. These compounds can thrive in environment for several months and being fungistatic in nature, can cause imbalance in the ecology of fungal species in the environment. Further their heavy use can lead to contamination and residues in plants, water, soil, and development of human health risk. These azoles share the similar mode of action and structural properties with medical azoles that are used for the treatment of fungal infections. Recent years have also seen an exceptional surge in the number of multi-drug resistant nosocomial Candida infections, especially in immuno compromised patients. The present review is an attempt to show the plausible mechanism of cross resistance among Candida isolates to agricultural an...

Biotechnology in the Modern Medicinal System, 2021

January-July, 2021

The current review identifies key bacterial zoonoses, the understanding of comparative immunology... more The current review identifies key bacterial zoonoses, the understanding of comparative immunology, evolutionary trade-offs between emerging bacterial pathogens and their dynamics on both arms of immunity. The several gaps in the literature limit our understanding of spread of prominent bacterial zoonotic diseases and the host-pathogen interactions that may change in response to environmental and social factors. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of how anthropogenic activities affects the spread of emerging zoonotic diseases, is essential for predicting and mitigating future disease emergence through fine-tuning of surveillance and control measures with respect to different pathogens. This review highlights the urgent need to increase understanding of the comparative immunity of animal reservoirs, design of vaccines according to the homology in host-pathogen interactions, and the alternative strategies to counter the risk of bacterial pathogenic spillover to humans with even...

Fisheries Science, 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the direct effect of endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA... more The present study aimed to investigate the direct effect of endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA), on phagocytosis, superoxide production and nitric oxide release by splenic phagocytes of the teleost Channa punctatus. BPA is a xenoestrogen and has been identified as potent exotoxic agent in aquatic ecosystems. Our observations indicated differential immunomodulatory effects on teleost phagocyte activities. Fish splenic phagocytes were incubated in RPMI-1640 culture medium for 16 h with either BPA or E 2 at varying concentrations ranging from 10 −9 M to 10 −6 M. Incubation with both BPA and E 2 showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in superoxide production. Conversely, phagocytosis was depressed at all concentrations, while NO release was significantly less (P < 0.05) at 10 −8 M to 10 −7 M concentrations of BPA and 10 −9 M to 10 −6 M concentrations of E 2. The present study thus indicated that BPA can modulate innate immune responses in teleost C. punctatus by altering fish immune cell activities, thereby affecting general fitness of the entire population.

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 2016

Background Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation (SSCT) has become important for conserv... more Background Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation (SSCT) has become important for conservation of endangered species, transgenesis and for rejuvenating testes which have lost germ cells (Gc) due to gonadotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the prepubertal phase of life. Creating a germ cell-depleted animal model for transplantation of normal or gene-transfected SSC is a prerequisite for such experimental studies. Traditionally used intraperitoneal injections of busulfan to achieve this are associated with painful hematopoietic toxicity and affects the wellbeing of the animals. Use of testicular busulfan has been reported recently to avoid this but with a very low success rate of SSCT. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a more efficient method to achieve higher SSCT without any suffering or mortality of the animals. Methods A solution of busulfan, ranging from 25 μg/20 μl to 100 μg/20 μl in 50 % DMSO was used for this study. Each testis received two diagonally oppo...

General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2011

The receptor-coupled intracellular signaling mechanism of endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin (... more The receptor-coupled intracellular signaling mechanism of endogenous opioid peptide β-endorphin (β-end) is explored for the first time in ectothermic vertebrates using wall lizard as a model. β-End inhibited the percentage phagocytosis and phagocytic index of lizard splenic phagocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of β-end on phagocytosis was completely antagonized by non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone and also by selective μ-receptor antagonist CTAP. However, selective antagonists for other opioid receptors like NTI for δ-receptor and NorBNI for κ-receptor did not alter the effect of β-end on phagocytosis. This suggests that β-end mediated its inhibitory effect on phagocytic activity of splenic phagocytes exclusively through μ opioid receptors. The μ opioid receptor-coupled downstream signaling cascade was subsequently explored using inhibitors of adenylate cyclase (SQ 22536) and protein kinase A (H-89). Both SQ 22536 and H-89 abolished the inhibitory effect of β-end on phagocytosis in a concentration-related manner. Implication of cAMP as second messenger was corroborated by cAMP assay where an increase in intracellular cAMP level was observed in response to β-end treatment. It can be concluded that β-end downregulated the phagocytic activity of lizard splenic phagocytes through μ opioid receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway.