Caroline Brown | University of Dundee (original) (raw)

Papers by Caroline Brown

Archives and Records, 2014

The American Archivist, 2016

Specialized primary source holdings, not only manuscripts and books but also audio and moving ima... more Specialized primary source holdings, not only manuscripts and books but also audio and moving images, are difficult to discover, often requiring users to navigate multiple search tools. These discovery challenges arguably lead to underutilization of specialized primary source holdings in the higher education curriculum. Faculty often include collections in their syllabi only if they have a direct relationship with an archivist or know of specific relevant collections. Similarly, archivists have the most success matching collections to courses when they have built individual relationships with professors, becoming familiar with course content. Particularly at a time when academic libraries are under increasing pressure to link their holdings to student outcomes, a new discovery paradigm to augment personal relationships is needed. This article suggests a conceptual model that would provide a mix of traditional methods and new data mining tools to increase access points to curricular content. The article consists of two parts: a review of existing methods, both human and computer, for connecting curriculum to library resources and a pilot of a software curriculum-to-collection crosswalk that matches course content to specialized primary source holdings via subject. The crosswalk creates recommendations of specialized primary source holdings relevant to specific courses for use by special collections librarians and archivists in working with faculty and students.

American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 1991

The effect of alternate airflow path designs on full-face mask air-purifying respirators was asse... more The effect of alternate airflow path designs on full-face mask air-purifying respirators was assessed in 14 healthy volunteers during submaximal exercise. Respirator designs included no respirator (N), full-face mask, dual-cartridge with no nasal deflector (FN), full-face mask respirator with nasal deflector (FD), and a powered air-purifying respirator (PA). Physiologic effects were measured by using respiratory inductive plethysmography and subjective responses by two visual analog scales. There were significant effects of airflow path design upon the physiologic parameters of ventilation, tidal volume, and mean flow rate. There were no significant physiologic or subjective differences between the full-face mask respirators with and without the nasal deflector in place. The PA had less physiologic impact than the nonpowered models but did not show significant subjective benefit. The study suggests that both subjective and objective physiologic responses must be utilized in assessing respirator design.

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2015

Background: The 2009 H1N1 pandemic highlighted the need to routinely monitor severe influenza, wh... more Background: The 2009 H1N1 pandemic highlighted the need to routinely monitor severe influenza, which lead to the establishment of sentinel hospital-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in several countries in Europe. The objective of this study is to describe characteristics of SARI patients and to explore risk factors for a severe outcome in influenza-positive SARI patients. Methods: Data on hospitalised patients meeting a syndromic SARI case definition between 2009 and 2012 from nine countries in Eastern Europe (Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Russian Federation and Ukraine) were included in this study. An exploratory analysis was performed to assess the association between risk factors and a severe (ICU, fatal) outcome in influenza-positive SARI patients using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Nine countries reported a total of 13,275 SARI patients. The majority of SARI patients reported in these countries were young children. A total of 12,673 SARI cases (95%) were tested for influenza virus and 3377 (27%) were laboratory confirmed. The majority of tested SARI cases were from Georgia, the Russian Federation and Ukraine and the least were from Kyrgyzstan. The proportion positive varied by country, season and age group, with a tendency to a higher proportion positive in the 15+ yrs age group in six of the countries. ICU admission and fatal outcome were most often recorded for influenza-positive SARI cases aged >15 yrs. An exploratory analysis using pooled data from influenza-positive SARI cases in three countries showed that age > 15 yrs, having lung, heart, kidney or liver disease, and being pregnant were independently associated with a fatal outcome.

Veterinary Pathology, 2005

Veterinary Pathology, 2001

The novel subgroup J of avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has emerged as a significant cause of myeloi... more The novel subgroup J of avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has emerged as a significant cause of myeloid neoplasia and weight suppression in broiler chickens. We investigated viral tropism using RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) in naturally infected chickens. Formalin-fixed tissues were collected from 12-day-old embryos (seven infected, two control) and from 0-week-old (four infected, one control), 3-week-old (five infected, one control), 6-week-old (five infected, one control), and 9-week-old (10 infected, two control) chickens naturally infected with ALV-J in ovo. A 636-base antisense riboprobe complementary to the 3' and 5' ends of the pol and env viral genes, respectively, was constructed. Strong positive staining was present in cardiac myocytes, Purkinje fibers, vascular and pulmonary smooth muscle, renal glomeruli, distal tubules, and pituitary glands. Light staining was present in gastrointestinal smooth muscle, thyroid and adrenal glands, and follicular medullae in the cloacal bursa. Staining was not present in any hematopoietic precursors. Tissues from newly hatched chicks exhibited the strongest and most consistent staining, whereas staining in embryos was minimal. RNA ISH confirmed the presence of ALV-J-specific nucleic acid within cytoplasmic inclusions in cardiac myocytes, Purkinje fibers, pituitary glands, and renal glomeruli. Viral tropism for cardiac myocytes and Purkinje fibers may relate pathogenetically to the cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure described in index chicken flocks infected with ALV-J. Viral tropism for endocrine organs may relate pathogenetically to the weight suppression associated with infection.

Vaccine, 2006

All laboratories participating in the Community Network of Reference Laboratories for Human Influ... more All laboratories participating in the Community Network of Reference Laboratories for Human Influenza in Europe (CNRL) co-ordinated by the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) should be able to perform a range of influenza diagnostics. This includes direct detection, culture, typing, subtyping and strain characterisation of influenza viruses, diagnostic serology and the creation of archives for clinical specimens and virus isolates. To improve the capacity and quality of the laboratories of the CNRL and to increase the consistency in performance among all 25 European Union countries plus Norway, Romania, and Switzerland, five task groups were set up in February 2005. These task groups developed work programmes in the areas of virus isolation, antibodies, molecular virology, quality control assessment and antiviral susceptibility testing. This report outlines the programmes and the results achieved in the first half-year of operation of the task groups. The action plans are challenging and it is expected that these efforts will lead to considerable improvements in the performance of the laboratories and in the standardisation of methods employed in Europe with regard to routine influenza surveillance and early warning for emerging viruses.

Nursing Research, 2012

b Background: The current fragmented healthcare system, characterized by a lack of collaborative,... more b Background: The current fragmented healthcare system, characterized by a lack of collaborative, patient-centered care processes, creates significant barriers to providing quality patient care. The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is theorized to provide clinical leadership at the point-of-practice to maintain cross-disciplinary collaborative processes that lead to integrated quality care. b Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of CNL integration into an acute care microsystem on care quality, as measured by patient satisfaction with care. b Methods: A short interrupted time series design was used to measure patient satisfaction with multiple aspects of care 10 months before and 12 months after integration of the CNL role on a progressive care unit, compared with a control unit. Data were obtained from Press Ganey surveys, and analysis was completed using a publicly available program for short time series data streams. b Results: Clinical nurse leader implementation was correlated with significantly improved patient satisfaction with admission processes (r = + .63, p = .02) and nursing care (r = + .75, p = .004), including skill level (r = .83, p = .003) and keeping patients informed (r = .70, p = .003). There was no significant correlation with improved patient satisfaction with physician care (r = .31, p = .14) or discharge processes (r = .33, p = .23) postimplementation. Control data showed no significant changes in patient satisfaction measures throughout the study time frame. b Discussion: The positive correlation between CNL-mediated collaborative care processes and improvements in patient satisfaction with care quality provides empirical evidence of outcomes achievable through CNL implementation. Research is needed to explore the full range of achievable outcomes and to determine the specific processes by which these outcomes are realized. b Key Words: clinical nurse leader & healthcare quality & microsystem redesign C urrent healthcare delivery is plagued by disciplinary silo approaches to patient care, including a lack of formal interdisciplinary collaborative processes. Until recently, overburdened healthcare providers were not educated to collaborate and build consensus regarding goals of care with the patient and members of an interdisciplinary team. This fragmented approach to patient care has been associated with preventable adverse outcomes, including increased mortality and morbidity, 30-day readmission rates, length of stay, and costs . In response to this evidence, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has identified creation of effective work teams as a priority for redesigning and improving healthcare (IOM, 2001). Teamwork and effective interdisciplinary collaboration have been linked to improved quality of care and patient outcomes ). Unfortunately, there is limited evidence describing effective processes for creating and sustaining a collaborative environment.

Nurse Education Today, 2010

Nursing students are strategically positioned to influence adoption of evidence-based practice wi... more Nursing students are strategically positioned to influence adoption of evidence-based practice within the nursing profession. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of knowledge, attitudes, use and future use of evidence-based practice among baccalaureate nursing students at two universities.

Journal of Professional Nursing, 2011

This study measured the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers to teaching evidencebased pr... more This study measured the knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers to teaching evidencebased practice (EBP) among nursing faculty at two schools of nursing with baccalaureate and master's level programs in southwestern United States. Survey instruments included a demographic survey, the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire, and the BARRIERS to Research Utilization Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression procedures were employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that master's prepared faculty had significantly higher mean scores in the practice of EBP as compared with doctorally prepared faculty, and although faculty positively viewed EBP, their attitude toward EBP was more positive than their knowledge/skills and practice of EBP. One of the major findings in the study was that traditional research knowledge and skills among faculty does not necessarily translate to a supportive attitude or knowledge of the EBP process or skills in acquiring and appraising evidence. Understanding faculty's knowledge, attitudes, and practice of teaching EBP is a critical step to successfully transforming the school's culture to an evidence-based framework for teaching nursing practice, integrating of EBP content into curricula, and ensuring student mastery and appreciation of EBP. (Index words: Evidence-based practice; Faculty knowledge; Teaching strategies; Barriers to evidence-based practice) J Prof Nurs 27:92-100, 2011.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1991

Adverse effects of respirators have been the focus of considerable research over the past decade.... more Adverse effects of respirators have been the focus of considerable research over the past decade. Individual research projects have generally focused on one specific category of effects: ventilatory, respiratory control, work limitation, subjective discomfort, psychologic effects, thermal loading, and cardiovascular changes. Most were studied in experimental laboratory situations rather than in actual worksites. Very little attention has been given to compliance with use and actual effectiveness in preserving health. Inasmuch as many types of effects have been demonstrated, there is a need to carefully define which type(s) of effects is/are most important for respirator design selection and worker medical certification in particular situations. In general, respirators should be assessed for their effect on all relevant variables.

Journal of Nursing Management, 2013

Aims To explore the feasibility and acceptability of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) role to improv... more Aims To explore the feasibility and acceptability of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) role to improve interdisciplinary collaboration (IC) within a fragmented acute-care microsystem. Background Fragmented patient care is associated with preventable adverse healthcare outcomes. IC decreases fragmentation and improves patient care quality. The CNL role is theorized to provide the necessary leadership and competency skill base to impact IC at the optimal organizational level, the point of care where most healthcare decisions are made. Methods This study used a descriptive non-experimental design. CNL daily workflow was developed to target empirical determinants of IC. Descriptive data were collected from multiple stakeholders using an investigator-developed survey.

JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 2010

This department expands nursing leaders&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;a... more This department expands nursing leaders&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; knowledge and competencies in health facility design. The editor of this department, Dr Jaynelle Stichler, asked guest authors, Drs Ecoff and Brown, to describe the process of using the conceptual models of a nursing evidence-based practice model and the Magnet Recognition Program® as a structured process to lead decision making in the planning and design processes and to achieve desired outcomes in hospital design.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2012

Pandemic preparedness; Pandemic influenza; Influenza a H1N1 subtype; Public health management; He... more Pandemic preparedness; Pandemic influenza; Influenza a H1N1 subtype; Public health management; Health emergency preparedness

Journal of Clinical Virology, 2005

Background: The increased need for accurate influenza laboratory surveillance data in the Europea... more Background: The increased need for accurate influenza laboratory surveillance data in the European Union required formalisation of the existing network of collaborating national influenza reference laboratories participating in the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS). Objective: To establish a Community Network of Reference Laboratories for Human Influenza in Europe (CNRL). Methods: Virologists in EISS defined the objective and tasks of the CNRL. Performance of the laboratories in the tasks was monitored by questionnaire-based inventories and quality control assessments (QCA). Subsequently, actions were defined to improve the performance of the CNRL. Results: The CNRL started in April 2003 and included as of May 2004 32 laboratories in 24 European countries. The objective is to provide high quality reference services for human influenza surveillance, early warning and pandemic preparedness in Europe. The defined basic tasks are direct detection, culture, typing, subtyping and strain characterisation of influenza virus, diagnostic influenza serology and storage of clinical specimens and virus isolates. The questionnaire-based inventories and QCAs revealed that the majority of CNRL laboratories perform well in most of the basic tasks, although improvements are needed in certain areas of virus testing. Therefore, task groups have been established to further improve the methods used in the network. The CNRL has proven its usefulness during the 2003-2004 season by the reporting of accurate data concerning the flu epidemic caused by A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2)-like viruses and by the rapid sharing of information, protocols and reagents during the A(H5N1) and A(H7N3) epizootics in Asia and Canada.