A review of the taxonomy and speciation of the genusEchinococcus Rudolphi 1801 (original) (raw)

• Batsch AJGC (1786) Naturgeschichte der Bandwurmgattung überhaupt und ihrer Arten insbesondere, nach den neuen Beobachtungen in einem systematischen Auszuge. Halle
• Beveridge I (1974) Aspects of the taxonomy of the genus_Taenia_ L. 1758 S. Str. Ph D Thesis, University of Melbourne
• Blood BD, Lelijveld JL (1969) Studies on sylvatic echinococcosis in southern South America. Z Tropenmed Parasitol 20:475–482
  Google Scholar
• Braun M (1894) In: Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, Band IV, Vermes: Abt 1 b, Cestodes, Leipzig, p Vii+927–1731
• Brumpt E, Joyeux C (1924) Déscription d'un nouve échinocoque:Echinococcus cruzi n. sp. Ann Parasitol 2:226–231
  Google Scholar
• Brunetti OA, Rosen MN (1970) Prevalence of_Echinococcus granulosus_ hydatids in California deer. J Parasitol 56:1138–1140
  Google Scholar
• Cameron TWM (1926) Observations on the genus_Echinococcus_ Rudolphi 1801. J Helminthol 4:13–22
  Google Scholar
• Cameron TWM (1960) The incidence and diagnosis of hydatid cyst in Canada.Echinococcus granulosus var.canadensis. Parassitologia 2:381–390
  Google Scholar
• Crites JL (1962) Morphology as a basis of identification and classification of parasites. J Parasitol 48:652–655
  Google Scholar
• D'Alessandro A, Rausch RL, Cuello C, Aristizabal N (1979)Echinococcus vogeli in man, with a review of polycystic hydatid disease in Colombia and neighbouring countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 28:303–317
  Google Scholar
• De Rycke PH, Van Grembergen G (1971)Echinococcus granulosus in cattle and swine. Congreso Mundial de Medicina Veterinary Zootecnia (XIX), Mexico City, 1971. Vol 1, p 136–139
• Dévé FG (1904) Le chat domestique, hôte éventuel du tenia échinocoque. Compt Rend Soc Biol 56:262–264
  Google Scholar
• Dévé FG (1912) Échinococcose alvéolaire et échinococcose hydatique. Ber 1 Internat Kongr Vergl Pathol, Paris, p 363–426
• Dévé F (1933) De L'existence de formes de transition entre L'échonococcose hydatique et l'échinococcose alvéolaire chez l'homme. Compt Rend Soc Biol 113:223–234
  Google Scholar
• Dévé FG (1934) Intermediate and transitional pathological forms between hydatid echinococcus and alveolar echinococcus (bavaro-tyrolienne) in man. Aust NZ J Surg 4:100–117
  Google Scholar
• Dévé FG (1939) Une récente observation islando-canadienne venant appuyer la doctrine de l'unité de l'échinococcose. Ann Anat Pathol 16:53–62
  Google Scholar
• Dévé FG (1940) Echinococcose hydatique et échinococcose alvéolaire Coexistence des deux lésions dans le systéme musculaire observée chez un Normand. Bol Inst Clin quir (Buenos Aires): 221–242
• Diesing KM (1863) Revision der Cephalocotyleen. Abteilung: Paramecocotyleen. Sitzungsb K Akad Wissensch Wien Math-Naturw Cl 48:200–345
  Google Scholar
• Dissanaike AS (1957) Some preliminary observations on_Echinococcus_ infection in local cattle and dogs. Ceylon Med J 4:69–75
  Google Scholar
• Dissanaike AS (1962) Observations on_Echinococcus_ infection in Ceylon. First regional symposium on scientific knowledge of tropical parasites, University of Singapore. p 223–240
• Durie PH, Riek RF (1952) The role of the dingo and wallaby in the infestation of cattle with hydatids [Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch 1786) Rudolphi 1801] in Queensland. Aust Vet J 28:249–254
  Google Scholar
• Eckert J (1981) Echinokokkose. Berl Münch Tierärztl Wschr 94:369–378
  Google Scholar
• Euzéby J (1981) De la biologie des “ténias échinocoques” des carnivores a l'étiologie et l'épidemiologie de l'hydatidose de l'homme. Journées de l'Hôpital Claude Bernard, 1981, p 109–135. Librairie Arnette Paris
• Gemmell MA (1960) Advances in knowledge on the distribution and importance of hydatid disease as world health and economic problems during the decade 1950–1959. Helminthol Abstr 29:1–15
  Google Scholar
• Gemmell MA (1978) Perspective on options for hydatidosis and cysticercosis control. Vet Med Rev 1:3–48
  Google Scholar
• Gemmell MA (1979) Hydatidosis control — a global view. Aust Vet J 55:118–125
  Google Scholar
• Gill HS, Rao BV (1967) On the biology and morphology of_Echinococcus granulosus_ (Batsch 1786) of buffalo-dog origin. Parasitology 57:695–704
  Google Scholar
• Graber M, Thal J (1980) L'échinococcose des artiodactyles de la République Centrafricaine: Existence probable d'un cycle lion-phacochére. Rev Elev Méd vét Pays trop 33:51–59
  Google Scholar
• Hatch C, Smyth JD (1975)Echinococcus granulosus equinus: attempted infection of sheep. Res Vet Sci 19:340
  Google Scholar
• Hosemann G (1928) Morphologie und Biologie des_Echinococcus cysticus_. In: Die Echinokokkenkrankheit. Hosemann G, Schwarz E, Lehmann JC, Posselt A (edit) Ferdinand Enke Stuttgart p 1–66
• Huber JC (1881) Studien und Beobachtungen über den multiloculären_Echinococcus_ der Leber und der Nebenniere. 26. Bericht Naturh Ver p 151–174, Augsburg
• Jones AW, Dvorak JA, Hossain MM, Huffman JL, Hutchins CP, Jones DED, Kisner RL (1963) Host relationships of radiation-induced mutant strains of_Hymenolepis diminuta_. Ann NY Acad Sci 113:343–359
  Google Scholar
• Küchenmeister F (1857) On animal and vegetable parasites of the human body. Soc Sydenham, 1:192–243 London
  Google Scholar
• Kumaratilake LM, Thompson RCA (1979) A standardised technique for the comparison of tapeworm soluble proteins by thin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, with particular reference to_Echinococcus granulosus_. Science Tools 26:21–24
  Google Scholar
• Kumaratilake LM, Thompson RCA, Dunsmore JD (1979) Intraspecific variation in_Echinococcus_: a biochemical approach. Z Parasitenkd 60:291–294
  Google Scholar
• Kumaratilake LM, Thompson RCA, Dunsmore JD (1980) Studies on the speciation of_Echinococcus_ granulosus in Australia. In: Proc 3rd European Multicolloquium Parasit, Cambridge, England, Sept 7–13
• Kuznetsov MI, Shubaderov V Ya, Tiltin BP (1975) Biological, morphological and immunological features of_E. granulosus_ from sheep and pigs in various regions of the U.S.S.R. Antropozoogelminozy Perspektivy ikh likvidatsii, Moscow, U.S.S.R. 1:45–49
  Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov MI, Gumen'shchikova VP, Shubaderov V Ya (1980) Epizootiological, biological and morphological differences in hydatidosis in Uzbekistan and in the western regions of the U.S.S.R. Helminthol Abstr 49, Ab No 5214
• LeRiche PD, Sewell MMH (1978) Identification of_Echinococcus granulosus_ strains by enzyme electrophoresis. Res Vet Sci 25:247–248
  Google Scholar
• Leuckart R (1886) Die Parasiten des Menschen und die von ihnen herrührenden Krankheiten. 2 Aufl., 1. Band, 1. Abt. S 578–592, GF Winter, Leipzig Heidelberg
  Google Scholar
• Liu IKM, Schwabe CW, Schantz PM, Allison MN (1970) The occurrence of_Echinococcus granulosus_ in coyotes (Canis latrans) in the central valley of California. J Parasitol 56:1135–1137
  Google Scholar
• Lopez-Neyra CR, Soler Planas MA (1943) Revision del genero_Echinococcus_ Rud y description de una especie nuéva Parasita intestinal del porro en Almeria. Rev Ibér Parasit 3:169–194
  Google Scholar
• Lühe M (1910) Cystotänien südamerikanischer Feliden. Zool Jahrb Suppl 12:687–710
  Google Scholar
• Lukashenko NP (1971) Problems of epidemiology and prophylaxis of alveococcosis (multilocular echinococcosis): a general review-with particular reference to the U.S.S.R. Int J Parasitol 1:125–134
  Google Scholar
• Matossian RM, Rickard MD, Smyth JD (1977) Hydatidosis: a global problem of increasing importance. Bull WHO 55:499–507
  Google Scholar
• Mayr E (1963) animal species and evolution. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, Cambridge
  Google Scholar
• Mayr E (1964) Systematics and the origin of species. Dover Publications, New York
  Google Scholar
• McManus DP (1981) A biochemical study of adult and cystic stages of_Echinococcus granulosus_ of human and animal origin from Kenya. J Helminthol 55:21–27
  Google Scholar
• McManus DP, Smyth JD (1978) Differences in the chemical composition and carbohydrate metabolism of_Echinococcus granulosus_ (horse and sheep strains) and_E. multilocularis_. Parasitology 77:103–109
  Google Scholar
• McManus DP, Smyth JD (1979) Isoelectric focusing of some enzymes from_Echinococcus granulosus_ (horse and sheep strains) and_E. multilocularis_. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 73:259–265
  Google Scholar
• Morin F (1857) Deux cas de tumeurs a echinocoques multiloculares Diss. Cited by Polydorou K (1979). Office international Des Epizooties XLVII General Session of the OIE Committee, Paris
• Nelson GS (1972) Human behaviour in transmission of parasitic disease. In: Behavioural aspects of parasite transmission, E.U. Canning and C.A. Wright (eds). p 109–122. Academic Press, London
  Google Scholar
• Nelson GS, Rausch RL (1963)Echinococcus infections in man and animals in Kenya. Ann Trop Med Parasit 57:136–149
  Google Scholar
• Ortlepp RJ (1934)Echinococcus in dogs from Pretoria and vicinity. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci 3:97–108
  Google Scholar
• Ortlepp RJ (1937) South African helminths. Part I. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci 9:311–366
  Google Scholar
• O'Leary P (1976) A five-year review of human hydatid cyst disease in Turkana District, Kenya. East African Med J 53:540–544
  Google Scholar
• Pandey VS (1972) Observations on the morphology and biology of_Echinococcus granulosus_ (Batsch 1786) of goat-dog origin. J Helminthol 46:219–233
  Google Scholar
• Paramananthan DC (1961) Some observations on brood capsules of hydatid cysts from local animals. Ceylon J Med Sci 10:57–59
  Google Scholar
• Paramananthan DC, Dissanaike AS (1961) Sylvatic hydatid infection in Ceylon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 55:483
  Google Scholar
• Petrov AM, Chertkova AN (1959) The distinctive features of alveolar and unilocular echinococci (Echinococcus multilocularis and_Echinococcus granulosus_) Trud usesoyuz Inst Gelmint 7:129
  Google Scholar
• Posselt A (1900) Zur pathologischen Anatomie des Alveolar-Echinococcus. Z Heilk Abt Interne Med (neue Folge 1) 21:121–187
  Google Scholar
• Posselt A (1936) Sur la nature de l'echinococcose alvéolaire et la differenciation avec l'echinococcose hydatique. 3rd Int Cong Path Comp Sect Med Hum Athens 1:25–55
  Google Scholar
• Rao BV (1968) Experimental transmission of_Echinococcus_ of buffalo origin to foxes (Vulpes bengalensis) Vet Rec 83:56–57
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL (1953) The taxonomic value and variability of certain structures in the cestode genus_Echinococcus_ (Rud. 1801) and a review of recognised species. Thapar Commen Vol, Lucknow, pp 233–246
• Rausch RL (1959) Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. 30. The occurrence of_Echinococcus multilocularis_ Leuckart 1863 on the mainland of Alaska. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5:1086–1092
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL (1967) A consideration of infraspecific categories in the genus_Echinococcus_ Rudolphi 1801 (Cestoda: Taeniidae). J Parasitol 53:484–491
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL, Bernstein JJ (1972)Echinococcus vogeli spp. n. (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the bush dog,Speothos venaticus (Lund.). Z Tropenmed Parasitol 23:25–34
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL, Nelson GS (1963) A review of the genus_Echinococcus_ Rudolphi, 1801. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 57:127–135
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL, Schiller EL (1954) Studies on the helminth fauna of Alaska. 24.Echinococcus sibiricensis n. sp. from St. Lawrence Island. J Parasitol 40:659–662
  Google Scholar
• Rausch RL, Rausch VR, D'Allessandro A (1978) Discrimination of larval stages of_Echinococcus oligarthrus_ (Diesing 1863) and_E. vogeli_ Rausch and Bernstein 1972 (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 27:1195–1201
  Google Scholar
• Rico CM (1961) El unicismo en la evolución hidática. Arch Int Hidat 20:183–193
  Google Scholar
• Rico CM (1963) Valoración crítica sobre la unidad o dualismo del parásito equinococósico. Arch Int Hidat 21:170–175
  Google Scholar
• Polydorou K (1979)E. multilocularis: A growing problem and its importance. XLVIIth General Session, Office International Des Epizooties Committee, Paris
• Romano MN, Brunetti OA, Schwabe CW, Rosen MN (1974) Probable transmission of_Echinococcus granulosus_ between deer and coyotes in California. J Wild Dis 10:225–227
  Google Scholar
• Romero-Torres R, Campbell JR (1965) An interpretive view of the surgical treatment of hydatid disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 121:851–864
  Google Scholar
• Saimot AG, Hay JM, Meulemans A, Mohler J (1981) Les tentatives de traitement médical des échinococcoses. Etat actual, perspectives et apports des études pharmacocinétiques. Journées de l'Hôpital Claude Bernard, 1981, p 191–214. Librairie Arnette Paris
• Schantz PM, Colli C (1973)Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing 1863) from Geoffroy's cat (Felis geoffroyi, D'Orbigny y Gervais) in temperate South America. J Parasitol 59:1138–1140
  Google Scholar
• Schantz PM, Colli C, Cruz-Reyes A, Prezioso U (1976) Sylvatic echinococcosis in Argentina. 2. Susceptibility of wild carnivores to_Echinococcus granulosus_ (Batsch 1786) and host-induced morphological variation. Tropenmed Parasitol 27:70–78
  Google Scholar
• Schantz PM, Cruz-Reyes A, Colli C, Lord RD (1975) Sylvatic echinococcosis in Argentina. 1. On the morphology of strobilar_Echinococcus granulosus_ (Batsch 1786) from domestic and sylvatic animal hosts. Tropenmed Parasitol 26:334–344
  Google Scholar
• Schantz PM, Lord RD, Zavaleta O (1972)Echinococcus in the South American red fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) and the European hare (Lepus europaeus) in the province of Neuquén, Argentina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 66:479–485
  Google Scholar
• Schwabe CW (1968) Epidemiology of echinoccosis. Bull WHO 39:131–135
  Google Scholar
• Schwabe CW (1969) Veterinary medicine and human health. Williams and Wilkins, New York
  Google Scholar
• Shol' VA (1963) Fauna gel'mintov kabanov (Sus scrofa L.) Kazakhstana [Helminth fauna of wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) of Kasakhstan]. Trudy Instituta Zool Akad Nauk Kaz SSR 19:97–100 (in Russian)
  Google Scholar
• Shul'ts RS (1962) On the epidemiology of echinococcosis and methods of its control. Med Parasit Moscow 31:272
  Google Scholar
• Slepnev NK (1975) Host specificity of_Echinococcus granulosus_ from swine in Belorussia. Trudy (Nauchnye Trudy) Nauchno-Issledovatel'skego Veterinarnogo Instituta Belorusskoi SSSR 13:113–116
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD (1977) Strain differences in_Echinococcus granulosus_, with special reference to the status of equine hydatidosis in the United Kingdom. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 71:93–100
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD (1979) An in vitro approach to taxonomic problems in trematodes and cestodes, especially_Echinococcus granulosus_. Symp British Soc Parasit 17:75–101
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD, Davies Z (1974) Occurrence of physiological strains of_Echinococcus granulosus_ demonstrated by in vitro culture of protoscoleces from sheep and horse hydatid cysts. Int J Parasitol 4:443–445
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD, Smyth MM (1964) Natural and experimental hosts of_Echinococcus granulosus_ and_E. multilocularis_ with comments on the genetics of speciation in the genus_Echinococcus_. Parasitology 54:493–514
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD, Smyth MM (1968) Some aspects of host specificity in_Echinococcus granulosus_. Helminthologia 9:519–528
  Google Scholar
• Smyth JD, Smyth MM (1969) Self-insemination in_E. granulosus_ in vivo. J Helminthol 43:383–388
  Google Scholar
• Sousa OE, Thatcher VE (1969) Observations on the life cycle of_Echinococcus oligarthrus_ (Diesing 1863) in the Republic of Panama. Ann Trop Med Parasit 63:165–175
  Google Scholar
• Stoimenov K, Kaloyanov ZH (1980) Biological differences between_Echinococcus granulosus_ obtained from sheep and pigs. Helminthol Abstr 49, Ab No 5394
• Stunkard HW (1957) Intraspecific variation in parasitic flatworms. Syst Zool 6:7–18
  Google Scholar
• Sweatman GK, Williams RJ (1963) Comparative studies on the biology and morphology of_Echinococcus granulosus_ from domestic livestock, moose and reindeer. Parasitology 53:339–390
  Google Scholar
• Szidat L (1960)Echinococcus patagonicus sp. nov. (Cestoda) parasito del zorro_Dusicyon culpaeus culpaeus_ (Mol.). Neotropica 6:13–16
  Google Scholar
• Szidat L (1963) Studien über den Erreger der alveolären Echinococcenkrankheit des Menschen in Südamerika. Z Parasitenkd 23:80–91
  Google Scholar
• Szidat L (1967)Echinococcus pampeanus — Una nueva especie de la Argentina, parasito de_Felis colocolo pajeros_ Desmarest 1916 (Cestoda) Neotropica 13:90–96
  Google Scholar
• Szidat L (1971)Echinococcus cepanzoi sp. nov. (Cestoda, Taeniidae) del zorro gris,Dusicyon gymnocercus, de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Neutropica 17:1–4
  Google Scholar
• Thatcher VE, Sousa OE (1966)Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing 1863) in Panama and a comparison with a recent human hydatid. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 60:405–416
  Google Scholar
• Thatcher VE, Sousa OE (1967)Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing 1863) from a Panamanian jaguar (Felis onca L.). J Parasitol 53:1040
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA (1975) Studies on equine hydatidosis in Great Britain. Ph D thesis, University of London
• Thompson RCA (1976) The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as a laboratory host for the cystic stage of_Echinococcus granulosus_ of British horse origin Int J Parasitol 6:505–511
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA (1977a), Growth, segmentation and maturation of the British horse and sheep strains of_Echinococcus granulosus_ in dogs. Int J Parasitol 7:281–285
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA (1977b) Hydatidosis in Great Britain (review article). Helminthol Abstr 46:837–861
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA (1978) Aspects of speciation in_Echinococcus granulosus_. Vet Parasitol 4:121–125
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA (1979) Biology and speciation of_Echinococcus granulosus_. Aust Vet 55:93–98
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA, Kumaratilake LM (1982) Intraspecific variation in_Echinococcus granulosus_: the Australian situation and perspectives for the future. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76:13–16
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA, Smyth JD (1975) Equine hydatidosis: a review of the current status in Great Britain and the results of an epidemiological survey. Vet Parasitol 1:107–127
  Google Scholar
• Thompson RCA, Smyth JD (1976) Attempted infection of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with the British horse strain of_Echinococcus granulosus_. J Helminthol 50:175–177
  Google Scholar
• Verster A (1962) Hydatidosis in the Republic of South Africa. South African J Sci 58:71–74
  Google Scholar
• Verster A (1965) Review of_Echinococcus_ species in South Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Sci 37:7–118
  Google Scholar
• Virchow R (1856) Die multiloculäre, ulcerirende Echinokokkengeschwulst der Leber. Verh phys med Ges (Sitg. vom 10.3. u. 12.5.1855) Würzburg 6:84–95
  Google Scholar
• Vogel H (1957) Über den_Echinococcus multilocularis_ Süddeutschlands. I. Das Bandwurmstadium von Stämmen menschlicher und tierischer Herkunft. Z Tropenmed Parsitol 8:404–454
  Google Scholar
• Vogel H (1977) Über den_Echinococcus multilocularis_ Süddeutschlands. II. Entwicklung der Larvenstadien und histopathologische Reaktionen in der Feldmaus_Microtus arvalis_. Tropenmed Parasitol 28:409–427
  Google Scholar
• von Siebold T (1853) Über die Verwandlung der Echinococcus-Brut in Taenien. Z Wiss Zool 4:409–424
  Google Scholar
• Webster GA, Cameron TWM (1961) Observations on experimental infections with_Echinococcus_ in rodents. Can J Zool 39:877–889
  Google Scholar
• Williams RJ, Sweatmen GK (1963) On the transmission, biology and morphology of_Echinococcus granulosus equinus_, a new subspecies of hydatid tapeworm in horses in Great Britain.
• WHO (1968) Research needs in echinococcosis (hydatidosis). Bull WHO 39:101–113
  Google Scholar
• WHO (1976) Joint FAO/UNEP/WHO consultations on field control of taeniasis and echinococcosis. Nairobi, June 2–4, 1976
• WHO (1979) Parasitic zoonoses. Report of a WHO expert committee with the participation of FAO. WHO, Geneva, Tech Rep Ser No. 637
• WHO (1981) FAO/UNEP/WHO guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of echinococcosis/hydatidosis. WHO, Geneva
  Google Scholar
• Williams RJ, Sweatmen GK (1963) On the transmission, biology and morphology of_Echinococcus granulosus equinus_, a new subspecies of hydatid tapeworm in horses in Great Britain. Parasitology 53:391–407
  Google Scholar
• Wray JR (1958) Note on human hydatid disease in Kenya. East African Med J 35:37–39
  Google Scholar
• Wright AI (1962)Echinococcus granulosus from English dogs. Can J Zool 40:195–198
  Google Scholar
• Yamashita J, Ohbayashi M, Konno S (1956) Studies on echinococcosis. III. On experimental infection in dogs, especially on the development of_Echinococcus granulosus_ (Batsch 1786). Jpn J Vet Res 4:113–122
  Google Scholar
• Young E (1975) Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) in wild animals of the Kruger National Park. J South African Vet Ass 46:181–183
  Google Scholar
• Zeller E (1854) Alveolarcolloid der Leber. Inaugural dissertation, Tübingen
• Zenkov AV (1975) Some biological differences of_E. granulosus_ from pigs and sheep. Helminthol Abstr 44, Ab No 474