Digenean parasites of deep-sea teleosts: a review and case studies of intrageneric phylogenies | Parasitology | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)

Summary

Studies on the digenean parasites of deep-sea (> 200 m depth) teleosts are reviewed and two case study generic phylogenies are presented based on LSU rDNA and ND1 mtDNA sequences. The phylogeny of the lepocreadiid genus Lepidapedon, the most common deep-sea digenean genus, is not clearly resolved as the two gene trees are not compatible. It can be inferred, however, that the genus has radiated in the deeper waters off the continental shelf, mainly in fishes of the gadiform family Macrouridae. Steringophorus, a fellodistomid genus, is better resolved. In this case a deep-sea radiation is also indicated, but the pattern of host-specificity is not clear, with evidence of much host-switching. Results of studies of the parasites of the macrourid fish Coryphaenoides (Nematomirus) armatus from various depths have reinforced recent views on the lack of zoned depth-related communities in the deep-sea. The diversity of deep-sea digeneans is relatively low with only 18 families (of about 60) reported. Little, or nothing, is known from most deep-sea areas and nothing from trenches and mid-ocean ridge systems.

References

Amosova, I. S. (1955). [On the occurrence of metacercariae of digenetic trematodes in certain polychactes in the Barents Sea.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 34, 286 290 (In Russian).Google Scholar

Angel, M. V. (1997). What is the deep sea? In Deep-sea Fishes (ed. Randall, D. J. & Farrell, A. P.), pp. 1–41. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar

Bell, E. J. (1887). Description of new species of Distomum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5th series) 19, 116–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blend, C. K., Dronen, N. O. & Armstrong, H. W. (2000). Six new species of Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from deep-sea macrourid fishes from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, with revised keys to the species of the genus. Systematic Parasitology 45, 29–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. (1985). Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: Families Gorgoderidae, Zoogonidae, Cephaloporidae, Acanthocolpidae and Lepocreadiidae (Digenea). Journal of Natural History 19, 377–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

BRAY, R. A. (1991). The helminth parasites of the deep-sea macrourid Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus. In Abstracts of reports. IIIrd International Symposium “Problems of Fish Parasitology” (Petrozavodsk). Petrozavodsk and Leningrad, Biological Institute KSC and Zoological Institute Academy of Sciences USSR, 11–12.Google Scholar

Bray, R. A. (1995 a). Annotated checklist of digenean parasites of Macrouridae (Teleostei, Gadiformes). Ada Parasitologica 40, 169–192.Google Scholar

Bray, R. A. (1995 b). Observations on the genus Steringophorus Odhner, 1905 (Digenea: Fellodistomidae) in deep-sea fishes from the northeastern Atlantic, with the description of Steringophorus margolisi n. sp. In Parasites of Aquatic Organisms: a Festschrift dedicated to Dr. Leo Margolis, O.C., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. (ed. Arthur, J. R.). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52 (Suppl. 1), 71–77.Google Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Campbell, R. A. (1995). Fellodistomidae and Zoogonidae (Digenea) from deep-sea fishes of the NW Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Parasitology 31, 201–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Gaevskaya, A. V. (1993). Balhymonorchis polyipni (Reimer, 1985) n. g., n. comb. (Digenea: Monorchiidae) from bathypelagic fishes of the eastern mid-Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Parasitology 26, 91–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (1980). The Fellodistomidae (Digenea) of fishes from the north-east Atlantic. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology Series) 37, 199–293.Google Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (1991). The Lepocreadiidac (Digenea) of fishes from the north-cast Atlantic: Profundivcrmis intercalarius n. gen., n.sp. from the marine fish Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus (Hector) (Macrouridae) from the Porcupine Abyssal Plane. Systematic Parasitology 18, 121 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (1995). The Lepocreadiidac (Digenea) of fishes of the north-cast Atlantic: a review of the genus Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904. Systematic Parasitology 31, 81–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Gibson, D. I. (1997). The Lepocrcadiidae Odhner, 1905 (Digenea) of fishes from the north-east Atlantic: summary paper, with keys and checklists. Systematic Parasitology 36, 223–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bray, R. A. & Merrett, N. R. (1998). Prodistomum priedei n. sp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from the deepwater cardinalfish Epigonus telescopus (Perciformes: Fpigonidae) in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Systematic Parasitology 41, 71–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Broad, W. J. (1997). The Universe Below. Discovering the Secrets of the Deep-sea. New York, TouchstoneGoogle Scholar

Campbell, R. A. (1977). Degeneria haiosauri (Bell, 1887) gen. ct comb, nov. (Digenea: Gorgodcridae) from the deep-sea teleost IIalosauropsis macrochir. Journal of Parasitology 63, 76–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, R. A. (1983). Parasitism in the deep sea. In The Sea. Volume 8 (ed. Rowe, G. T.), pp. 473 552. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Campbell, R. A. (1990). Deep water parasites. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 65 (suppl. I), 65 68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Campbell, R. A., Haedrich, R. L. & Mcnroe, T. A. (1980). Parasitism and ecological relationships among deep-sea benthic fishes. Marine Biology 57, 301–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chlbrik, G. K. (1966). [Fauna and ecology of trematode larvae from molluscs in the Barents and White Seas.] Trudy Murmanskii Morskoi Biologicheskii Institute 10(14), 78–166 (In Russian).Google Scholar

Collarid, S. B. (1970). Some aspects of host-parasite relationships in mesopelagic fishes. In A Symposium on Diseases of Fishes and Shellfishes (ed. Snieszko, S. F.), pp. 41 56. Washington, D.C., American Fisheries Society, Special publication 5.Google Scholar

Cribb, T. H., Bray, R. A., Littlewood, D. T. J., Pichelin, S. P. & Hermou, E. A. (In press). The Digenea. In Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes (ed. Littlewood, D. T. J & Bray, R. A.). London, Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar

Cunningham, C. W. (1997). Can three incongruence tests predict when data should be combined? Molecular Biology and Evolution 14, 733–740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dronen, N. O., Blend, C. K. & Mceachran, J. D. (1994). Echinobreviceca coelorhynchae n. gen., n. sp. (Echinobrevicecinae n. subf.), fellodistomid from Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus (Macrouridae) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 80, 309–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ekman, S. (1953). Zoogeography of the Sea. London, Sidgwick & Jackson.Google Scholar

Eriksson, T. (1998). Autodecay version 4.0 (program distributed by the author). Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm.Google Scholar

Farris, J. S., Källersjö, M., Khuge, A. G. & Bult, C. (1994). Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gage, J. D. & Tyler, P. A. (1991). Deep-sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at the Deep-sea Floor. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gartner, J. V. Jr & Zwerner, D. E. (1989). The parasite faunas of meso- and bathypelagic fishes of Norfolk Submarine Canyon, western North America. Journal of Fish Biology 34, 79 95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gibson, D. I. & Bray, R. A. (1994). The evolutionary expansion and host-parasite relationships of the Digenea. International Journal for Parasitology 24, 1213 1226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Girola, C. V., Martorelli, S. R. & Sardella, N. H. (1992). Presencia de metacercarias de Monascns filiformis (Digenea, Fellodistomidae) en hidromedusas del Océano Atlántico Sur. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 65, 409–415.Google Scholar

Grassle, J. F. & Maciolek, N. J. (1992). Deep-sea species richness: regional and local diversity estimates from quantitative bottom samples. American Naturalist 139, 313–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gusev, A. V. (1957). [Parasitological investigations on some deepwater fishes of the Pacific Ocean.] Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 27, 362–366 (In Russian).Google Scholar

Haedrich, R. L. (1997). Distribution and population ecology. In Deep-sea Fishes (ed. Randall, D. J. & Farrell, A. P.), pp. 79–114. San Diego, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hall, K. A., Cribb, T. H. & Barker, S. C. (1999). V4 region of small subunit rDNA indicates polyphyly of the Fellodistomidae (Digenea) which is supported by morphology and life-cycle data. Systematic Parasitology 43, 81–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harrison, C. M. H (1996). On the first halosaur leptocephalus: from Madeira. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology) 14, 441 486.Google Scholar

Hessler, R. R., Wilson, G. D. & Thistle, D. (1979). The deep-sea isopods: a biogeographic and phylogenetic overview. Sarsia 64, 67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howes, G. J. (1991). Biogeography of gadoid fishes. Journal of Biogeography 18, 595 622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huelsenbeck, J. P., Bull, J. P. & Cunningham, C. W. (1996). Combining data in phylogenetic analysis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 152–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Køie, M. (1979). On the morphology and life-history of Monascns [ = _Haploeladus_] filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1907 and Steringophorus furciger (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1905 (Trematoda, Fellodistomidae). Ophelia 18, 113–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Køie, M. (1982). The redia, ccrcaria and early stages of Aporocotyle simplex Odhner, 1900 (Sanguinicolidae) -a digenetic trematode which has a polychaete annelid as the only intermediate host. Ophelia 21, 115 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Køie, M. (1985). On the morphology and life-history of Lepidapedon elongatum (Lebour, 1908) Nicoll, 1910 (Trematoda: Lepocreadiidae). Ophelia 24, 135 153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kinzig, R. (1999). The Restless Sea. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Linklater, E. (1972). The Voyage of the Challenger. London, John Murray.Google Scholar

Linton, E. (1898). Notes on trematocie parasites of fishes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 20, 507–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Littlewood, D. T. J, Rohde, K. & Clough, K. A. (1997). Parasite speeiation within and between host species ? phylogenetic evidence from site-specific polystome monogeneans. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 1289–1297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lumb, S. M., Bray, R. A. & Rollinson, D. (1993). Partial small subunit (18S) rRNA gene sequences from fish parasites of the families Lepocreadiidae and Fellodistomidae (Digenea) and their use in phylogenetic analyses. Systematic Parasitology 26, 141–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Manter, H. W. (1934). Some digenetic trematodes from deep-water fish of Tortugas, Florida. Papers from Tortttgas Laboratory 28, 257–346.Google Scholar

Manter, H. W. (1954). Some digenetic trematodes from fishes of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82, 475–568.Google Scholar

Markle, D. F. (1989). Aspects of character homology and phylogeny of the Gadiformes. In Papers on the Systematic of Gadiform Fishes (ed. Cohen, D. M.), pp. 59–88. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science series, 32.Google Scholar

Martorelli, S. R. & Cremonte, F. (1998). A proposed three-host life history of Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea: Fellodistomidae) in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, 1198–1203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mccauley, J. E. (1968). Six species of Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904 (Trematoda: Lepocreadiidae) from deep-sea fishes. Journal of Parasitology 54, 496–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merrett, N. R. & Haedrich, R. L. (1997). Deep-sea Demersal Fish and Fisheries. London, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar

Morgan, J. A. T & Blair, D. (1998). Mitochondrial ND1 gene sequences used to identify echinostome isolates from Australia and New Zealand. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 493 502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Moseley, H. N. (1880). Deep-sea dredging and life in the deep-sea. III. Nature 21, 591–593.Google Scholar

Nelson, J. S. (1994). Fishes of the World (Third Edition). New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Noble, E. R. (1973). Parasites and fishes in a deep-sea environment. Advances in Marine Biology 11, 121–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Odhner, T. (1911). Zum natürlichen System der digenen Trematoden. H. Zoologischen Anzeiger 37, 237–253.Google Scholar

Page, R. D. M & Charleston, M. A. (1997). From gene to organismal phylogeny: reconciled trees and the gene tree/species tree problem. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7, 231–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rex, M. A. (1973). Deep-sea species diversity: decreased gastropod diversity at abyssal depths. Science 181, 1051–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rowe, G. T. (1983). Biomass and production of the deep-sea macrobenthos. In The Sea. Volume 8 (ed. Rowe, G. T.), pp. 97–121. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar

Saiki, R. F., Gelfand, D. H., Stofeel, S., Scharf, S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Miullis, K. B. & Erlich, A. H. (1988). Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239, 489–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Silzveriserg, R. (1991). The Face of the Waters. London: GraftonBooks.Google Scholar

Smith, J. W. (1997). The blood flukes (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae and Spirorchiidae) of cold-blood vertebrates: Part 1. A review of the literature published since 1971, and bibliography. Helminthological Abstracts 66, 255 294.Google Scholar

Smyth, J. D. & Halton, D. W. (1983). The Physiology of Trematodes. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Somero, G. N. (1998). Adaptation to cold and depth: contrasts between polar and deep-sea animals. In Cold Ocean Physiology (ed. Pörtner, H. O. & Playle, R. C.), pp. 33–57. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Swofford, D. L. (1998). PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and other methods), version 4.0. Massachussetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL-W improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tyler, P. A. (1995). Conditions for the existence of life at the deep-sea floor: an update. Oceanography and Marine Biology 33, 221–244.Google Scholar

Vincx, M., Bett, B. J., Dinet, A., Ferrero, T., Gooday, A. J., Lambshead, P. J. D., Pfannkuche, O., Soltwedel, T. & Vanreusel, A. (1994). Meiobenthos of the deep northeast Atlantic. Advances in Marine Biology 30, 1–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

von Linstow, O. (1888). Report on the Entozoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 1876 23, 1–18.Google Scholar

Wagener, G. R. (1852). Enthelminthica No. III. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin, 555–569.Google Scholar

Weitzman, S. H. (1997). Systematics of deep-sea fishes. In Deep-sea Fishes (ed. Randall, D. J. & Farrell, A. P.), pp. 43–77. San Diego, Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Woodward, A. S. (1898). The antiquity of the deep-sea fish-fauna. Natural Science 12, 257–260.Google Scholar

Yamaguttl, S. (1938). Studies on the Helminth Fauna of Japan. Part 21. Trematodes of Fishes, IV. Kyoto, Satyû Yamaguti.Google Scholar

Zdzitowikcki, K. (1997 a). Antarctic Digenea parasites of fishes. Synopses of the Antarctic Benthos 8, 1–156.Google Scholar

Zozitowiecki, K. (1997 b). Digenea of fishes of the Weddell Sea. V. Two new species of the genus Steringophorus (Fellodistomidae). Acta Parasitologica 42, 144–148.Google Scholar

Zdzitowiecki, K. & Cielecka, D. (1997). Digenea of fishes of the Weddell Sea. I. Parasites of Macrourus whitsoni (Gadiformes, Macrouridae). Ada Parasitologica 42, 23–30.Google Scholar

Zubchenko, A. V. (1981 a). Use of parasitological data in studies of the local groupings of rock grenadier, Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunner. In Abstracts. Symposium on Parasitoiogy and Pathology of Marine Organisms (ed. Bauer, O. N.), pp. 25–32. Leningrad: Nauka, Leningrad Branch (In Russian: English translation (1985) NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 25, 19–23).Google Scholar

Zubchknko, A. V. (1981 b). Parasitic fauna of some Macrouridae in the northwest Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science 2, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zubchenko, A. V. (1984). Ecological peculiarities of parasite fauna of some Alepocephalidae. In Ecological-parasitological Investigations of Northern Seas (ed. Polyansky, Y. I., Galaktionov, K. V. & Dobrovolsky, A. A.), pp. 77–81. Apatity, Kola Branch of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Murmansk Biological Institute (In Russian).Google Scholar