The Rise of the Small Investor in the United States and United Kingdom, 1895 to 1970 | Enterprise & Society | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)

References

Berle, Adolf A., and Means, Gardiner C.. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. New York: Macmillan, 1932. Reprint, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997.Google Scholar

Bernheim, A. L., and Schneider, M. G., eds. The Securities Markets. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1935.Google Scholar

Cheffins, Brian R. Corporate Ownership and Control: British Business Transformed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Google Scholar

Copeman, G. The Challenge of Employee Shareholding: How to Close the Gap between Capital and Labour. London: Business Publications, 1958.Google Scholar

Cottrell, Philip. Industrial Finance 1830–1914. London: Methuen, 1980.Google Scholar

Cox, Edwin. Trends in the Distribution of Stock Ownership. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963.Google Scholar

Daunton, Martin. Just Taxes: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1914–1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Graham, Benjamin, and Dodd, David L.. Security Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1934.Google Scholar

Huebner, S. S. The Stock Market. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1934.Google Scholar

Jefferys, James B. Business Organisation in Great Britain 1856–1914. New York: Arno Press, 1977.Google Scholar

Kidd, E. J. Women Never Go Broke. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1948.Google Scholar

Kimmel, Lewis. H. Share Ownership in the United States. New York: Brookings Institution, 1952.Google Scholar

Lough, William. Business Finance: A Practical Study of Financial Management in Private Business Concerns. New York: Ronald Press, 1920.Google Scholar

Lough, William. Corporation Finance. New York: Ronald Press, 1914.Google Scholar

Lowenfeld, Henry. Investment an Exact Science. London: Financial Review of Reviews, 1907.Google Scholar

Lowenfeld, Henry. Investment Practically Considered. London: Financial Review of Reviews, 1909.Google Scholar

Meeker, J. E. The Work of the Stock Exchange. Rev. ed. New York: Ronald Press, 1930.Google Scholar

Michie, Ranald. The London and New York Stock Exchanges. London: Allen & Unwin, 1987.Google Scholar

Morgan, E. Victor, and Thomas, W. A.. The Stock Exchange: Its History and Functions. London: Elek Books, 1962.Google Scholar

Ott, Julia C. When Wall Street Met Main Street: The Quest for Investors’ Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

Parkinson, Hargreaves. Ownership of Industry. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951.Google Scholar

Parkinson, Hargreaves. The Small Investor. London: Blackie & Son, 1930.Google Scholar

Reed, M. C. A History of James Capel & Co. London: Longman, 1975.Google Scholar

Sargant Florence, P. The Logic of British and American Industry: A Realistic Analysis of Economic Structure and Government. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1953.Google Scholar

Sargant Florence, P. Ownership, Control and Success of Large Companies: An Analysis of English Industrial Structure and Policy, 1936–51. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1961.Google Scholar

Sears, J. H. The New Place of the Stockholder. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1929.Google Scholar

Traflet, Janice. A Nation of Small Shareholders: Marketing Wall Street after World War II. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2013.CrossRef Google Scholar

Vernon, R. A., Middleton, M., and Harper, D. G.. Who Owns the Blue Chips? A Study of Shareholding in a Leading Company. Epping, UK: Gower Press, 1973.Google Scholar

Wilkins, Myra. The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914–1945. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.Google Scholar

Barber, Brad M., and O’Dean, Terrance. “Boys Will Be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence and Common Stock Investment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 116, no. 1 (February 2001): 261–292.Google Scholar

Chambers, David. “Financial Dependence and Firm Survival in Inter-War Britain.” Department of Economics Discussion Paper, Series 377 (December 2007), University of Oxford.Google Scholar

Clay, H. “The Distribution of Capital in England and Wales.” Transactions of the Manchester Statistical Society (1925): 53–80.Google Scholar

Creighton, Louisa. “Women and Finance.” Financial Review of Reviews 59 (1910): 15–21.Google Scholar

Devereux, F. L. “The Development of the Ownership of the Bell System.” Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York 11, no. 3 (1925): 63–69.Google Scholar

Ellinger, A. G., and Carter, C. F.. “The Anatomy.” Financial Times, March 1, 1949.Google Scholar

Ellinger, A. G., and Carter, C. F.. “The Owners of Industry.” Financial Times, February 28, 1949.Google Scholar

Ellinger, A. G., and Carter, C. F.. “How Many Investors Are There?” Financial Times, March 2, 1949.Google Scholar

Foreman-Peck, James, and Hannah, Leslie. “Extreme Divorce: The Managerial Revolution in UK Companies before 1914.” Economic History Review 65, no. 4 (2012): 1217–1238.Google Scholar

Foreman-Peck, James, and Hannah, Leslie. “Some Consequences of the Early Twentieth-Century British Divorce of Ownership from Control.” Business History 55, no. 4 (2013): 543–564.Google Scholar

Greig, J., and Gibson, M. V.. “Women and Investment.” Financial Review of Reviews (June 1917): 174–182.Google Scholar

Goetzmann, William N., and Ukhov, Alex. “British Investment Overseas 1870–1913: A Modern Portfolio Theory Approach.” Review of Finance 10 (2006): 265–291.Google Scholar

Hannah, Leslie. “A Global Corporate Census: Publicly Traded and Close Companies in 1910.” Economic History Review 68, no. 2 (2015): 548–573.Google Scholar

Hannah, Leslie. “The ‘Divorce’ of Ownership from Control from 1900 Onwards: Re-calibrating Imagined Global Trends.” Business History 49, no. 4 (2007): 404–438.Google Scholar

Harris, A. H. “The Diffusion of Stock Ownership of the New York Central Lines.” Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York 11, no. 3 (1925): 25–28.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hawkins, David F. “The Development of Modern Financial Reporting Practices Among American Manufacturing Corporations.” Business History Review 37, no. 3 (Autumn 1963): 135–168.CrossRef Google Scholar

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Shleifer, Andrei. “The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins.” Journal of Economic Literature 46 (2008): 285–332.CrossRef Google Scholar

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. “Legal Determinants of External Finance.” Journal of Finance 52 (1997): 1131–1150.Google Scholar

La Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy 106 (1998): 1113–1155.Google Scholar

Lipartito, Kenneth, and Morii, Yumiko. “Rethinking the Separation of Ownership from Management in American History.” Seattle University Law Review 33 (2010): 1025–1063.Google Scholar

Lowenfeld, Henry. “The Investor’s Mind.” Financial Review of Reviews 25 (November 1907): 14–26.Google Scholar

Maltby, Josephine, Green, David R., Ainscough, Steven, and van Mourik, Carien. “The Evidence for ‘Democratization’ of Share Ownership in Great Britain in the Early Twentieth Century.” In Men, Women, and Money: Perspectives on Gender, Wealth, and Investment, 1850–1930, edited by Green, David. R., Owens, Alastair, Maltby, Josephine, and Rutterford, Janette, pp. 184–206. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar

McCoy, Joseph S. “The U.S. Legion of Capitalists.” American Bankers’ Association Journal 19, no. 8 (February 1927): 559–628.Google Scholar

McCoy, Joseph S. “Sources of Prosperity.” American Bankers’ Association Journal 20, no. 7 (January 1930): 643–703.Google Scholar

Means, Gardiner C. “The Diffusion of Stock Ownership in the United States.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 44, no. 4 (August 1930): 561–600.CrossRef Google Scholar

Musacchio, Aldo, and Turner, John D.. “Does the Law and Finance Hypothesis Pass the Test of History?” Business History 55, no. 4 (2013): 524–542.Google Scholar

Navin, Thomas R., and Sears, Marian V.. “The Rise of a Market for Industrial Securities, 1887–1902.” Business History Review 29, no. 2 (June 1955): 105–138.Google Scholar

Neal, Larry, and Davis, Lance E.. “Why Did Finance Capitalism and the Second Industrial Revolution Arise in the 1890s?” In Financing Innovation in the United States, 1870 to the Present, edited by Lamoreaux, Naomi L. and Solokoff, Kenneth L., pp. 129–161. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.Google Scholar

O’Sullivan, Mary. “Funding New Industries: A Historical Perspective on the Financing Role of the U.S. Stock Market in the Twentieth Century.” In Financing Innovation in the United States, 1870 to the Present, edited by Lamoreaux, Naomi L. and Solokoff, Kenneth L., pp. 163–216. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.Google Scholar

Parkinson, Hargreaves. “Who Owns the Railways?” Financial News, October 31, 1944.Google Scholar

Perlo, Victor. “‘People’s Capitalism’ and Stock-Ownership.” American Economic Review 48, no. 3 (June 1958): 333–347.Google Scholar

Porter, Dilwyn. “A Trusted Guide of the Investing Public: Harry Marks and the Financial News 1884–1916.” Business History 29 no. 1 (1986): 1–17.Google Scholar

Powell, Ellis. “The Democratisation of Investment.” Financial Review of Reviews (1920): 241–249.Google Scholar

Robb, George. “Ladies of the Ticker: Women, Investment, and Fraud in England and America, 1850–1930.” In Victorian Investments: New Perspectives on Finance and Culture, edited by Henry, Nancy and Schmitt, Cannon, pp. 120–140. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009.Google Scholar

Robertson, Nancy. “‘The Principles of Sound Banking and Financial Noblesse Oblige’: Women’s Departments in U.S. Banks at the Turn of the 20th Century.” In Women and Their Money: 1700–1950, edited by Laurence, Anne, Maltby, Josephine, and Rutterford, Janette, pp. 243–253. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2009.Google Scholar

Robertson, Nancy, and Yohn, Susan. “Women and Money: The United States.” In Women and Their Money: 1700–1950, edited by Laurence, Anne, Maltby, Josephine, and Rutterford, Janette, pp. 218–225. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2009.Google Scholar

Roe, Mark J. “Legal Origins, Politics, and Modern Stock Markets.” Harvard Business Review 120, no. 2 (2006): 460–527.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette. “From Dividend Yield to Discounted Cash Flow: A History of UK and UK Equity Valuation Techniques.” Accounting, Business and Financial History 14, no. 2 (2004): 115–149.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette. “Gross or Net: The Impact of Taxation on the History of Equity Valuation.” Accounting History 15, no. 1 (2010): 41–64.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette. “Learning from One Another’s Mistakes: Investment Trusts in the UK and the US, 1868 to 1940.” Financial History Review 16, no. 2 (2009): 157–181.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette. “The Shareholder Voice: British and American Accents, 1890 to 1965.” Enterprise & Society 13, no. 1 (2012): 120–123.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, and Maltby, Josephine. “‘The Widow, the Clergyman and the Reckless’: Women Investors in England, 1830–1914.” Feminist Economics 12, no. 1/2 (2006): 111–138.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, Green, David, Owens, Alastair, and Maltby, Josephine. “Researching Shareholding and Investment in England and Wales: Approaches, Sources and Methods.” Accounting History 14, no. 3 (2009): 269–292.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, Green, David, Maltby, Josephine, and Owens, Alastair. “Who Comprised the Nation of Shareholders? Gender and Investment in Great Britain c. 1870–1935.” Economic History Review 64, no. 1 (2011): 157–187.Google Scholar

Smiley, Gene, and Keen, Richard H.. “Margin Purchases, Brokers’ Loans and the Bull Market of the Twenties.” Business and Economic History, 2nd ser., 17 (1988): 129–142.Google Scholar

Warshow, H. T. “The Distribution of Corporate Ownership in the United States.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 39, no. 1 (November 1924): 15–38.Google Scholar

Wendt, P. F. “The Classification and Financial Experience of the Customers of a Typical New York Stock Exchange Firm from 1933 to 1938.” PhD diss., University of Columbia, Ladyville, Tennessee, 1941.Google Scholar

Wright, A. “The State and the Small Investor.” Financial Review of Reviews (January–March 1930): 31–37.Google Scholar

Wright Robert, E. “Reforming the U.S. IPO Market: Lessons from History and Theory.” Accounting, Business, and Financial History (November 2002): 719–437.Google Scholar

Balogh, T., and Doblin, E.. Report on Investment Trusts in Great Britain. US House Document, 76th Congress, 1st Session, No. 380. Washington, DC, 1999.Google Scholar

Bower, F. B. Stock Ownership Plans for Workers. New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1953.Google Scholar

Davis, Eleanor. Employee Stock Ownership and the Depression. 3rd ed. Princeton, NJ: National Industrial Conference Board, 1935.Google Scholar

London Stock Exchange Fact Book . London Stock Exchange, 1965, 1968.Google Scholar

National Industrial Conference Board. Employee Stock Purchase Plans in the United States. New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1928.Google Scholar

Neymarck, Alfred. La Statistique Internationale des Valeurs Mobilières . Conference paper, July 1913. Reprint, Bulletin de l’Institut International de Statistique, Jasper, Vienna, 1915.Google Scholar

Number of Stockholders and Average Amount of Stock per Stockholder: Railways of the United States, June 30, 1914. Bureau of Railway Economics, Washington, DC, July 1915.Google Scholar

Ott, Julia. From “New Proprietorship” to New Era: Making a Shareholders’ Democracy in the United States 1921–1929. Paper presented at The New School Economic Department Colloquium, April 1, 2007.Google Scholar

The Poor Man’s Guide to the Stock Exchange . With an introduction by Jack Charlesworth. Labour Research Department Publications, 1959.Google Scholar

Report on Profit-Sharing and Labour Co-Partnership in the United Kingdom. Cmd. 544, 1920. Parliamentary Papers XXIII.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, and Sotiropoulos, Dimitris P.. “‘Like the Horses in a Race’: Financial Diversification before Modern Portfolio Theory.” Paper presented at the European Society of the History of Economic Thought, Paris, May 14, 2016.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, and Sotiropoulos, Dimitris P.. “Putting All Their Eggs in One Basket? Portfolio Diversification 1870 to 1902.” Paper presented at the Yannick Lemarchand Festschrift, Nantes, November 10, 2015.Google Scholar

Rutterford, Janette, and Maltby, Josephine. “‘That Wide-Eyed Sceptical Curiosity that Makes Women So Formidable’: Women’s Investment Behaviour Before and After the First World War.” Paper presented at the European Social Science History Association Conference, Lisbon, March 31, 2008.Google Scholar

Traflet, Janice. “Mom, Apple Pie, and the Market: How the NYSE Came to Court Women Investors.” Paper presented at Business History Conference, Sacramento, CA, April 11, 2008.Google Scholar

Watson, J. H. National Industrial Conference Board Stockholder Relations Survey. New York: NICB, 1950.Google Scholar