Koizuma M. True antisense oligonucleotides with modified nucleotides restricted in the N-conformation. Curr Top Med Chem 2007; 7(7): 661–5 Article Google Scholar
Mouritzen P, Nielsen AT, Pfundheller HM, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using locked nucleic acid (LNA). Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2003 Jan; 3(1): 27–38 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Petersen M, Wengel J. LNA: a versatile tool for therapeutics and genomics. Trends Biotechnol 2003 Feb; 21(2): 74–81 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jepsen JS, Wengel J. LNA-antisense rivals siRNA for gene silencing. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel 2004; 7(2): 188–94 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kauppinen S, Vester B, Wengel J. Locked nucleic acid: high-affinity targeting of complementary RNA for RNomics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2006; (173): 405–22
Koshkin AA, Nielsen P, Meldgaard M, et al. LNA (locked nucleic acid): an RNA mimic forming exceedingly stable LNA. LNA duplexes. J Am Chem Soc 1998; 120: 13252–3 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Koshkin AA, Singh SK, Nielsen P, et al. LNA (locked nucleic acids): synthesis of the adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5-methylcytosine, thymine and uracil bicyclonucleoside monomers, oligomerisation, and unprecedented nucleic acid recognition. Tetrahedron 1998; 54: 3607–30 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Obika S, Nanbu D, Hari Y, et al. Stability and structural features of the duplexes containing nucleoside analogues with a fixed N-type conformation, 2′-O,4′-C-methyleneribonucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 1998; 39: 5401–4 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Braasch DA, Corey DR. Locked nucleic acid (LNA): fine-tuning the recognition of DNA and RNA. Chem Biol 2001 Jan; 8(1): 1–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kurreck J, Wyszko E, Gillen C, et al. Design of antisense oligonucleotides stabilized by locked nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 2002 May 1; 30(9): 1911–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Elayadi AN, Braasch DA, Corey DR. Implications of high-affinity hybridization by locked nucleic acid oligomers for inhibition of human telomerase. Biochemistry 2002 Aug 6; 41(31): 9973–81 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Petersen M, Bondensgaard K, Wengel J, et al. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) recognition of RNA: NMR solution structures of LNA. RNA hybrids. J Am Chem Soc 2002 May 29; 124(21): 5974–82 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Petersen M, Nielsen CB, Nielsen KE, et al. The conformations of locked nucleic acids (LNA). J Mol Recognit 2000 Jan–Feb; 13(1): 44–53 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Sorensen MD, Kvaerno L, Bryld T, et al. Alpha-L-ribo-configured locked nucleic acid (alpha-L-LNA): synthesis and properties. J Am Chem Soc 2002 Mar 13; 124(10): 2164–76 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Crinelli R, Bianchi M, Gentilini L, et al. Design and characterization of decoy oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acids. Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Jun 1; 30(11): 2435–43 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kumar N, Nielsen KE, Maiti S, et al. Triplex formation with alpha-L-LNA (alpha-L-ribo-configured locked nucleic acid). J Am Chem Soc 2006 Jan 11; 128(1): 14–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kurreck J. Antisense technologies: improvement through novel chemical modifications. Eur J Biochem 2003 Apr; 270(8): 1628–44 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wahlestedt C, Salmi P, Good L, et al. Potent and nontoxic antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000 May 9; 97(10): 5633–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fluiter K, ten Asbroek AL, de Wissel MB, et al. In vivo tumor growth inhibition and biodistribution studies of locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Feb 1; 31(3): 953–62 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nulf CJ, Corey D. Intracellular inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation by peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) [published erratum appears in Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Sep 14; 32 (16): 4954]. Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Jul 19; 32(13): 3792–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Elayadi AN, Demieville A, Wancewicz EV, et al. Inhibition of telomerase by 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl) RNA oligomers: effect of length, phosphorothioate substitution and time inside cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2001 Apr 15; 29(8): 1683–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Orom UA, Kauppinen S, Lund AH. LNA-modified oligonucleotides mediate specific inhibition of microRNA function. Gene 2006 May 10; 372: 137–41 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Arzumanov A, Walsh AP, Rajwanshi VK, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 tat-dependent trans activation by steric block chimeric 2′-O-methyl/LNA oligoribonucleotides. Biochemistry 2001 Dec 4; 40(48): 14645–54 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Braasch DA, Liu Y, Corey DR. Antisense inhibition of gene expression in cells by oligonucleotides incorporating locked nucleic acids: effect of mRNA target sequence and chimera design. Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Dec 1; 30(23): 5160–7 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Grunweller A, Wyszko E, Bieber B, et al. Comparison of different antisense strategies in mammalian cells using locked nucleic acids, 2′-O-methyl RNA, phosphorothioates and small interfering RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Jun 15; 31(12): 3185–93 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Simoes-Wust AP, Hopkins-Donaldson S, Sigrist B, et al. A functionally improved locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide inhibits Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression and facilitates tumor cell apoptosis. Oligonucleotides 2004; 14(3): 199–209 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Hansen JB, Westergaard M, Thrue CA, et al. Antisense knockdown of PKC-alpha using LNA-oligos. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003 May–Aug; 22(5-8): 1607–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jepsen JS, Pfundheller HM, Lykkesfeldt AE. Downregulation of p21 (WAF1/ CIP1) and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 cells by antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid (LNA). Oligonucleotides 2004; 14(2): 147–56 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Obika S, Hemamayi R, Masuda T, et al. Inhibition of ICAM-1 gene expression by antisense 2′,4′-BNA oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2001; (1): 145–6
Fluiter K, Frieden M, Vreijling J, et al. On the in vitro and in vivo properties of four locked nucleic acid nucleotides incorporated into an anti-H-Ras antisense oligonucleotide. Chembiochem 2005 Jun; 6(6): 1104–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Chan JA, Krichevsky AM, Kosik KS. MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2005 Jul 15; 65(14): 6029–33 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Vester B, Lundberg LB, Sorensen MD, et al. LNAzymes: incorporation of LNA-type monomers into DNAzymes markedly increases RNA cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2002 Nov 20; 124(46): 13682–3 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Vester B, Hansen LH, Lundberg LB, et al. Locked nucleoside analogues expand the potential of DNAzymes to cleave structured RNA targets. BMC Mol Biol 2006 Jun 5; 7: 19 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Fluiter K, Frieden M, Vreijling J, et al. Evaluation of LNA-modified DNAzymes targeting a single nucleotide polymorphism in the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. Oligonucleotides 2005 Dec; 15(4): 246–54 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Fahmy RG, Khachigian LM. Locked nucleic acid modified DNA enzymes targeting early growth response-1 inhibit human vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Apr 23; 32(7): 2281–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schubert S, Gül DC, Grunert HP, et al. RNA cleaving ‘10-23’ DNAzymes with enhanced stability and activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Oct 15; 31(20): 5982–92 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Frieden M, Christensen SM, Mikkelsen ND, et al. Expanding the design horizon of antisense oligonucleotides with alpha-L-LNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Nov 1; 31(21): 6365–72 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Di Giusto DA, King GC. Strong positional preference in the interaction of LNA oligonucleotides with DNA polymerase and proofreading exonuclease activities: implications for genotyping assays. Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Feb 18; 32(3): e32 Article Google Scholar
Orum H, Jakobsen MH, Koch T, et al. Detection of the factor V Leiden mutation by direct allele-specific hybridization of PCR amplicons to photoimmobilized locked nucleic acids. Clin Chem 1999 Nov; 45(11): 1898–905 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jacobsen N, Fenger M, Bentzen J, et al. Genotyping of the apolipoprotein B R3500Q mutation using immobilized locked nucleic acid capture probes. Clin Chem 2002; 48(4): 657–60 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Jacobsen N, Bentzen J, Meldgaard M, et al. LNA-enhanced detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E. Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Oct 1; 30(19): e1OO Article Google Scholar
Kole R, Williams T, Cohen L. RNA modulation, repair and remodeling by splice switching oligonucleotides. Acta Biochim Pol 2004; 51(2): 373–8 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Aartsma-Rus A, Kaman WE, Bremmer-Bout M, et al. Comparative analysis of antisense oligonucleotide analogs for targeted DMD exon 46 skipping in muscle cells. Gene Ther 2004 Sep; 11(18): 1391–8 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Roberts J, Palma E, Sazani P, et al. Efficient and persistent splice switching by systemically delivered LNA oligonucleotides in mice. Mol Ther 2006 Oct; 14(4): 471–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Ittig D, Liu S, Renneberg D, et al. Nuclear antisense effects in cyclophilin A premRNA splicing by oligonucleotides: a comparison of tricyclo-DNA with LNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Jan 15; 32(1): 346–53 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Childs JL, Disney MD, Turner DH. Oligonucleotide directed misfolding of RNA inhibits Candida albicans group I intron splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Aug 20; 99(17): 11091–6 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Valoczi A, Hornyik C, Varga N, et al. Sensitive and specific detection of microRNAs by northern blot analysis using LNA-modified oligonucleotide probes. Nucleic Acids Res 2004 Dec 14; 32(22): e175 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Castoldi M, Schmidt S, Benes V, et al. A sensitive array for microRNA expression profiling (miChip) based on locked nucleic acids (LNA). RNA 2006 May; 12(5): 913–20 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wienholds E, Kloosterman WP, Miska E, et al. MicroRNA expression in zebrafish embryonic development. Science 2005 Jul 8; 309(5732): 310–1 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Kloosterman WP, Wienholds E, de Bruijn E, et al. In situ detection of miRNAs in animal embryos using LNA-modified oligonucleotide probes. Nat Methods 2006 Jan; 3(1): 27–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nelson FT, Baldwin DA, Kloosterman WP, et al. RAKE and LNA-ISH reveal microRNA expression and localization in archival human brain. RNA 2006 Feb; 12(2): 187–91 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Nakamura TM, Morin GB, Chapman KB, et al. Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human. Science 1997 Aug 15; 277(5328): 955–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Shay JW, Wright WE. Telomerase therapeutics for cancer: challenges and new directions. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006 Jul; 5(7): 577–84 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Christoph T, Gillen C, Mika J, et al. Antinoceptive effect of antisense oligonucleotides against VR1/TRPV1. Neurochem Int 2007 Jan; 50(1): 281–90 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Christoph T, Grunweller A, Mika J, et al. Silencing of vanilloid receptor TRPV1 by RNAi reduces neuropathic and visceral pain in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 Nov 10; 350(1): 238–43 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Grunweller A, Hartmann RK. RNA interference as a gene-specific approach for molecular medicine. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12(26): 3143–61 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Rapozzi V, Cogoi S, Xodo LE. Antisense locked nucleic acids efficiently suppress BCR/ABL and induce cell growth decline and apoptosis in leukemic cells. Mol Cancer Ther2006 Jul; 5(7): 1683–92 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Schubert S, Furste JP, Werk D, et al. Gaining target access for deoxyribozymes. J Mol Biol 2004 May 28; 339(2): 355–63 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Charlier TD, Ball GF, Balthazart J. Inhibition of steroid receptor coactivator-1 blocks estrogen and androgen action on male sex behavior and associated brain plasticity. J Neurosci 2005 Jan 26; 25(4): 906–13 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Krutzfeldt J, Poy MN, Stoffel M. Strategies to determine the biological function of microRNAs. Nat Genet 2006 Jun; 38 Suppl.: S14–9 ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Oncomirs: microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006 Apr; 6(4): 259–69 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Hrdlicka PJ, Babu BR, Sorensen MD, et al. Multilabeled pyrene-functionalized 2′-amino-LNA probes for nucleic acid detection in homogeneous fluorescence assays. J Am Chem Soc 2005 Sep 28; 127(38): 13293–9 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Elmen J, Thonberg H, Ljungberg K, et al. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) mediated improvements in siRNA stability and functionality. Nucleic Acids Res 2005 Jan 14; 33(1): 439–47 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Mouritzen P, Noerholm M, Nielsen PS, et al. ProbeLibrary: a new method for faster design and execution of quantitative real-time PCR. Nature Methods 2005; 2: 313–6 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Morandi L, Ferrari D, Lombardo C, et al. Monitoring HCV RNA viral load by locked nucleic acid molecular beacons real time PCR. J Virol Methods 2007 Mar; 140(1-2): 148–54 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Wang L, Yang CJ, Medley CD, et al. Locked nucleic acid molecular beacons. J Am Chem Soc 2005 Nov 16; 127(45): 15664–5 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar
Frieden M, Orum H. The application of locked nucleic acids in the treatment of cancer. IDrugs 2006 Oct; 9(10): 706–11 PubMedCAS Google Scholar
Swayze EE, Siwkowski AM, Wancewicz EV, et al. Antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid improve potency but cause significant hepatotoxicity in animals. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35(2): 687–700 ArticlePubMedCAS Google Scholar