Efthimios Zervas | Hellenic Open University (original) (raw)
International Journal Papers by Efthimios Zervas
We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the hospitalization rates for acute ex... more We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the hospitalization rates for acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) during the first imposed lockdown in Athens, Greece. Patient characteristics and the concentration of eight air pollutants [namely, NO (nitrogen monoxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5), PM10 (particulate matter 10), O3 (ozone), SO2 (sulfur dioxide) and benzene] were considered. A total of 153 consecutive hospital admissions were studied. Reduced admissions occurred in the Lockdown period compared to the Pre-lockdown 2020 (p < 0.001) or the Control 2019 (p = 0.007) period. Furthermore, the concentration of 6/8 air pollutants positively correlated with weekly hospital admissions in 2020 and significantly decreased during the lockdown. Finally, admitted patients for asthma exacerbation during the lockdown were younger (p = 0.046) and less frequently presented respiratory failure (p = 0.038), whereas patients with COPD presented higher blood eosinophil percentage (p = 0.017) and count (p = 0.012). Overall, admissions for asthma and COPD exacerbations decreased during the lockdown. This might be partially explained by reduction of air pollution during this period while medical care avoidance behavior, especially among elderly patients cannot be excluded. Our findings aid in understanding the untold impact of the pandemic on diseases beyond COVID-19, focusing on patients with obstructive diseases.
Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropoge... more Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropogenic interventions and climate variabilities. The result of these pressures is reflected in the sustainability of natural resources. Significant scientific efforts during the recent years focus on mitigating the effects of these pressures and on increasing the sustainability of natural resources. Hence, there is a need to develop specific indices and indicators that will reveal the areas having the highest risks. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI) was developed for this purpose. WLDI consists of eleven indicators and its outcome results from the spatiotemporal performance of these indicators. The WLDI is based on the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The WLDI is applied for the period from October 1983 to September 1996, considering Greece as a study area. The results of the application of this index reveal the areas with the highest risks, especially in the agricultural sector, with less than the needed water quantities due to extensive periods of droughts. This index could be used by scientists, but also by policy makers, to better and more sustainably manage environmental pressures.
Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban enviro... more Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban environment, built heritage and natural environment and is also related to important properties of the cities. The paper studies the associations between the inhabitants' perceptions of UI and their socio-demographic profile. The city of Thessaloniki is the case study of this research. The research was based on data collection via structured questionnaires, and the results were statistically analyzed using: descriptive statistics, χ 2 analysis, crosstabs method, regression analysis and discriminant analysis. The results show that UI, being a generally unknown term to the public, incorporates the notions of history and culture, urban environment, social behavior and everyday life, and it is influenced by social and economic factors. The perceptions on the city's identity are associated with gender, age and family status, as well as the way people spend their spare time. It emerges that, in Thessaloniki, a policy mix is necessary to preserve and upgrade the historical assets of the city, along with the improvement of its every day functions.
European Journal of Geography, 2020
Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Promet - Traffic & Transportation, 2020
The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of... more The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of the country , including transportation. The present study focuses on the impact of economic crisis on the long distance transportation between the island of Crete in Greece, the largest Greek island and one of the largest in the Med-iterranean Sea, and the Greek mainland. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the opinions of the Cretans on the way the economic crisis influenced their transportation to the Greek mainland. The results of the survey show that the frequency of the Cretans' travels was significantly limited, owing to the increased direct or indirect associated cost, due to the economic crisis. Especially for those who struggled to make ends meet, the transportation to the mainland dropped to the bare essentials. Furthermore, the respondents deemed that the deregulation of the Greek maritime and airline markets was also to blame for the high fares, thus they favoured a regulated public transport sector and were against privatization. Inevitably, financially vulnerable individuals were the most preoccupied with these issues. A feeling of isolation and exclusion was revealed by the sample on occasions when the scheduled trips were cancelled by the operators due to exogenous parameters.
Urban Water Journal, 2019
Waste management and Research, 2020
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020
Environ Dev Sustain, 2020
Journal of Political Ecology, 2018
Fuel, Jan 1, 2011
Engines of new passenger cars are tuned at the sea level. However, in several countries, a signif... more Engines of new passenger cars are tuned at the sea level. However, in several countries, a significant part of the engine operation is performed at higher altitudes than that of the sea level. The different air density can have a significant impact on fuel consumption. In the case of gasoline engines, the higher altitude theoretically leads to lower fuel consumption due to lower throttle frictions due to the wider throttle opening. From the other side, as the air is less dense at higher altitudes, the vehicle aerodynamic is changed and this also leads to lower fuel consumption. This work studies the impact of high altitude on the fuel consumption of a gasoline passenger car. The impact of higher altitude is studied on three regulated driving cycles. The impact of changed vehicle aerodynamics of higher altitudes, through the change of deceleration times, on fuel consumption is also estimated.
Journal of Advances in Vehicle Engineering, 2018
This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exh... more This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exhaust emissions by employing bibliometric techniques based on the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis was performed for Year, Subject Area, Document Type, Source Title, Affiliation, Country/Territory, Source Type, and keywords. The investigation was focused on five keywords: “fuel”, “combustion”, “diesel”, “gasoline” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”).
In all five keywords, a significant increase of the scientific production occurs with time. Engineering is the most productive subject area in all five cases followed by Energy in “fuel”, “combustion” and “gasoline” and by Environmental Science in “diesel” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”). Moreover, during the last years Energy and Environmental Science show an increasing trend.
SAE Technical Papers has the highest number of works in all keywords followed by International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy, Combustion And Flame, Fuel, Oil and Gas Journal and Atmospheric Environment in “fuel”, “combustion”, “diesel”, “gasoline” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”), respectively. USA has a leading position, followed by China and Japan in all five cases, except for “diesel” where India instead of Japan possesses the third position. The most productive institution is Chinese Academy of Sciences for “fuel” and “combustion”, Tianjin University for “diesel” and “gasoline” and United States Environmental Protection Agency for “exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”. The keywords of the categories associated with “Air pollution”, “Air pollution control”, “Engine”, “Vehicles” and “Fuels” are the most commonly used in all five cases. The results of this study shows the trends in scientific issues are related to environmental issues “Air pollution” and “Air pollution control” and can help scientists and policy makers to establish future research priorities.
We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the hospitalization rates for acute ex... more We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the hospitalization rates for acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) during the first imposed lockdown in Athens, Greece. Patient characteristics and the concentration of eight air pollutants [namely, NO (nitrogen monoxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), PM2.5 (particulate matter 2.5), PM10 (particulate matter 10), O3 (ozone), SO2 (sulfur dioxide) and benzene] were considered. A total of 153 consecutive hospital admissions were studied. Reduced admissions occurred in the Lockdown period compared to the Pre-lockdown 2020 (p < 0.001) or the Control 2019 (p = 0.007) period. Furthermore, the concentration of 6/8 air pollutants positively correlated with weekly hospital admissions in 2020 and significantly decreased during the lockdown. Finally, admitted patients for asthma exacerbation during the lockdown were younger (p = 0.046) and less frequently presented respiratory failure (p = 0.038), whereas patients with COPD presented higher blood eosinophil percentage (p = 0.017) and count (p = 0.012). Overall, admissions for asthma and COPD exacerbations decreased during the lockdown. This might be partially explained by reduction of air pollution during this period while medical care avoidance behavior, especially among elderly patients cannot be excluded. Our findings aid in understanding the untold impact of the pandemic on diseases beyond COVID-19, focusing on patients with obstructive diseases.
Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropoge... more Natural resources are gradually coming under continuous and increasing pressure due to anthropogenic interventions and climate variabilities. The result of these pressures is reflected in the sustainability of natural resources. Significant scientific efforts during the recent years focus on mitigating the effects of these pressures and on increasing the sustainability of natural resources. Hence, there is a need to develop specific indices and indicators that will reveal the areas having the highest risks. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index (WLDI) was developed for this purpose. WLDI consists of eleven indicators and its outcome results from the spatiotemporal performance of these indicators. The WLDI is based on the Standardized Drought Vulnerability Index (SDVI) and the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Index (ESAI). The WLDI is applied for the period from October 1983 to September 1996, considering Greece as a study area. The results of the application of this index reveal the areas with the highest risks, especially in the agricultural sector, with less than the needed water quantities due to extensive periods of droughts. This index could be used by scientists, but also by policy makers, to better and more sustainably manage environmental pressures.
Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban enviro... more Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban environment, built heritage and natural environment and is also related to important properties of the cities. The paper studies the associations between the inhabitants' perceptions of UI and their socio-demographic profile. The city of Thessaloniki is the case study of this research. The research was based on data collection via structured questionnaires, and the results were statistically analyzed using: descriptive statistics, χ 2 analysis, crosstabs method, regression analysis and discriminant analysis. The results show that UI, being a generally unknown term to the public, incorporates the notions of history and culture, urban environment, social behavior and everyday life, and it is influenced by social and economic factors. The perceptions on the city's identity are associated with gender, age and family status, as well as the way people spend their spare time. It emerges that, in Thessaloniki, a policy mix is necessary to preserve and upgrade the historical assets of the city, along with the improvement of its every day functions.
European Journal of Geography, 2020
Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Promet - Traffic & Transportation, 2020
The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of... more The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of the country , including transportation. The present study focuses on the impact of economic crisis on the long distance transportation between the island of Crete in Greece, the largest Greek island and one of the largest in the Med-iterranean Sea, and the Greek mainland. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the opinions of the Cretans on the way the economic crisis influenced their transportation to the Greek mainland. The results of the survey show that the frequency of the Cretans' travels was significantly limited, owing to the increased direct or indirect associated cost, due to the economic crisis. Especially for those who struggled to make ends meet, the transportation to the mainland dropped to the bare essentials. Furthermore, the respondents deemed that the deregulation of the Greek maritime and airline markets was also to blame for the high fares, thus they favoured a regulated public transport sector and were against privatization. Inevitably, financially vulnerable individuals were the most preoccupied with these issues. A feeling of isolation and exclusion was revealed by the sample on occasions when the scheduled trips were cancelled by the operators due to exogenous parameters.
Urban Water Journal, 2019
Waste management and Research, 2020
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020
Environ Dev Sustain, 2020
Journal of Political Ecology, 2018
Fuel, Jan 1, 2011
Engines of new passenger cars are tuned at the sea level. However, in several countries, a signif... more Engines of new passenger cars are tuned at the sea level. However, in several countries, a significant part of the engine operation is performed at higher altitudes than that of the sea level. The different air density can have a significant impact on fuel consumption. In the case of gasoline engines, the higher altitude theoretically leads to lower fuel consumption due to lower throttle frictions due to the wider throttle opening. From the other side, as the air is less dense at higher altitudes, the vehicle aerodynamic is changed and this also leads to lower fuel consumption. This work studies the impact of high altitude on the fuel consumption of a gasoline passenger car. The impact of higher altitude is studied on three regulated driving cycles. The impact of changed vehicle aerodynamics of higher altitudes, through the change of deceleration times, on fuel consumption is also estimated.
Journal of Advances in Vehicle Engineering, 2018
This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exh... more This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exhaust emissions by employing bibliometric techniques based on the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis was performed for Year, Subject Area, Document Type, Source Title, Affiliation, Country/Territory, Source Type, and keywords. The investigation was focused on five keywords: “fuel”, “combustion”, “diesel”, “gasoline” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”).
In all five keywords, a significant increase of the scientific production occurs with time. Engineering is the most productive subject area in all five cases followed by Energy in “fuel”, “combustion” and “gasoline” and by Environmental Science in “diesel” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”). Moreover, during the last years Energy and Environmental Science show an increasing trend.
SAE Technical Papers has the highest number of works in all keywords followed by International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy, Combustion And Flame, Fuel, Oil and Gas Journal and Atmospheric Environment in “fuel”, “combustion”, “diesel”, “gasoline” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”), respectively. USA has a leading position, followed by China and Japan in all five cases, except for “diesel” where India instead of Japan possesses the third position. The most productive institution is Chinese Academy of Sciences for “fuel” and “combustion”, Tianjin University for “diesel” and “gasoline” and United States Environmental Protection Agency for “exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”. The keywords of the categories associated with “Air pollution”, “Air pollution control”, “Engine”, “Vehicles” and “Fuels” are the most commonly used in all five cases. The results of this study shows the trends in scientific issues are related to environmental issues “Air pollution” and “Air pollution control” and can help scientists and policy makers to establish future research priorities.
4th Scientific Forum for Disaster Risk Reduction in Greece, 2021
Maltepe University International Student Congress, HUMSOS, 2021
Maltepe University International Student Congress, ENSAD, 2021
Maltepe University International Student Congress, ENSAD, 2021
Maltepe University International Student Congress, ENSAD, 2021
Maltepe University International Student Congress, ENSAD, 2021
International Initiative for Promoting Political Economy, 2021
International Initiative for Promoting Political Economy, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
ERS International Congress, 2021
6th ENVECON Conference, 2021
6th ENVECON Conference, 2021
6th ENVECON Conference, 2021
6th ENVECON Conference, 2021
29th Greek Respiratory Congress, 2020
29th Greek Respiratory Congress, 2020
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007
SAE Technical Paper, Jan 1, 2010
Abstract: Passenger cars emit exhaust emissions of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx in the case ... more Abstract: Passenger cars emit exhaust emissions of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx in the case of gasoline engines and also particulate matter (PM) in the case of diesel engines); however, they also emit several other pollutants which are not regulated (non-regulated ...
SAE Technical Paper Series, 2010
SAE Technical Paper, Jan 1, 2009
... Relationships Between CO 2 Emitted from New Passenger Cars in European Union and Their Engine... more ... Relationships Between CO 2 Emitted from New Passenger Cars in European Union and Their Engine and Vehicle Characteristics. Date Published: 2009-06-15. Paper Number: 2009-01-1825. DOI: 10.4271/2009-01-1825. Citation: ...
SAE Technical Paper, Jan 1, 2008
... Impact of the Fast Engine Cooling of a Gasoline Engine on Exhaust Emissions andFuel Consumpti... more ... Impact of the Fast Engine Cooling of a Gasoline Engine on Exhaust Emissions andFuel Consumption. Date Published: 2008-10-06. Paper Number: 2008-01-2441. DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-2441. Citation: Zervas, E., "Impact of the ...
SAE International Journal of Fuels …, Jan 1, 2009
Analysis of New Passenger Cars Market of UK and of Their Co 2 Emissions. ... ezervas{at}env.duth.... more Analysis of New Passenger Cars Market of UK and of Their Co 2 Emissions. ... ezervas{at}env.duth.gr. Abstract. This work analyses the new passenger cars' market of Great Britain during last years. The sales of new passenger ...
SAE transactions, Jan 1, 2005
... Titre du document / Document title. Comparison between the exhaust particles massdetermined b... more ... Titre du document / Document title. Comparison between the exhaust particles massdetermined by the European regulatory gravimetric method and the mass estimated by ELPI. Auteur(s) / Author(s). ZERVAS Efthimios (1) ; DORLHENE ...
SAE Technical …, Jan 1, 2005
... Author(s): Efthimios Zervas - Renault; Pascal Dorlène - Renault; Laurent Forti - IFP; Cyriaqu... more ... Author(s): Efthimios Zervas - Renault; Pascal Dorlène - Renault; Laurent Forti - IFP; Cyriaque Perrin - IFP; Jean-Claude Momique - PSA; Richard Monier ... Johnson JW, Berlowitz PJ, Ryan DF, Wittenbrink RJ, Genetti WB, Ansell LL, Kwon Y., Rickeard DJ, 2001, Emissions from ...
SAE Technical …, Jan 1, 2005
An extensive research program involving the French passenger car and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles man... more An extensive research program involving the French passenger car and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles manufacturers, sponsored by ADEME and realized by IFP, aimed to characterize in terms of size and composition the particulate emitted by the different engine technologies currently or ...
SAE Paper, Jan 1, 2004
... of technology (Euro2 and Euro3, Diesel and gasoline vehicles, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF ... more ... of technology (Euro2 and Euro3, Diesel and gasoline vehicles, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF ... The repeatability of these measurements is determined at the entire particle distribution. ... FRANC, Session: PM Characterization in Exhaust Gas of Diesel & Gasoline Engines (Part A&B). ...
Introduction: Imposed quarantines for COVID19 and the «staying home»campaign reduced COVID19 spre... more Introduction: Imposed quarantines for COVID19 and the «staying home»campaign reduced COVID19 spread. However, there is concern about medical avoidance behavior with consequent delay in the diagnosis-treatment in lung cancer (Ca) patients. Aim: To study the rate of hospital admissions for new lung Ca diagnosis during the first imposed quarantine in Athens. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of all consecutive patients hospitalized and diagnosed with lung Ca during the 8-week quarantine and comparison with the relative period before and after quarantine as well as the respective 2019period. Hospital admissions per week for each respective period were compared using Poisson regression. Results: 78 hospitalizations for first lung Ca diagnosis were recorded. The majority of patients were diagnosed with NSCLC stage 3-4 or extended SCLC in all studied periods (79% in 2020, 77% in 2019). As depicted in fig, during quarantine there was a non-significant reduction in lung Ca diagnosis compared to the respective 2019 period. However, a rebound 122% increase in admissions was recorded at the post-quarantine period (p=0.047). Conclusion: During quarantine hospital admissions for newly diagnosed lung cancer showed a non-significant reduction, with concomitant rebound increase at the post quarantine period. There is an implication of medical avoidance behavior during quarantine resulting in delayed diagnosis of lung cancer.
Introduction: Imposed quarantines for COVID-19 modifies viral infections and air pollution, major... more Introduction: Imposed quarantines for COVID-19 modifies viral infections and air pollution, major triggers of asthma/COPD exacerbations (A/CE).There is concern that fear for COVID19 infection raises a medical avoidance behavior. Aim: To study the rate of hospital admissions for A/CE during the first imposed quarantine in Athens. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of all consecutive patients hospitalized with acute A/CE during the 8-week quarantine and comparison with the relative period before and after quarantine as well as the respective 2019 period. Patient population characteristics and air pollutants concentration (CO, NO, NO2, O3 PM2.5, PM10, SO2and benzene) were recorded. Results: 153 hospitalizations were recorded. A reduction in hospitalization for A/CE-more prominent in asthmatics-was observed during the quarantine compared to either the pre-post quarantine period or the respective 2019 periods (fig). Concentration of air pollutants was reduced during quarantine and positively correlated with the reduction in hospital admissions. Although first wave quarantine (March 9th-May 3rd) co insists with pollination period of spring pollens, hospitalizations for asthma were reduced, reflecting adherence to quarantine measures. During Quarantine asthmatics were younger and exhibited less frequent respiratory failure at admission, whereas patients with COPD presented higher blood eosinophils. Conclusion: Admissions for A/CE decreased during the Quarantine, a finding more prominent in asthmatics. We believe that improvement in air quality may have contributed to the observed reduction of exacerbations.
Introduction: Asthma attacks constitute a major cause of Emergency Room (ER) visits and a potenti... more Introduction: Asthma attacks constitute a major cause of Emergency Room (ER) visits and a potential danger to patients' life. Additionally, asthma exacerbations pose a severe economic burden for public health. Consequently, identifying the specific characteristics of this patient subgroup may lead to better patient management and subsequently less asthma attacks occurrence. Methods: Patients treated for an asthma exacerbation at the ER during four months (2019) were assessed for a definite asthma diagnosis at the outpatient clinic. The study included patients that the diagnosis of asthma was confirmed. Parameters reported at Figure 1a. Results: A total of 70 patients were enrolled, with 36,2% of them having an asthma diagnosis for the first time. Reexamination, carried out at least 3 months after the attack, revealed that the majority of patients had mild asthma. Specifically, 73,5% had stage I or II, 9,4% stage III and only 17% stage IV or V. Hospital admission occurred in 13,3% of patients (of which 50% stage I-II, 13% stage III and 37% of stage IV-V). Among patients with a previous diagnosis of asthma, prescribed medication included ICS-LABA (16,8%), ICS-LABA & LAMA (10%), SABA monotherapy (26,6%) whereas 30% did not receive any medication. 25,5% were exposed to passive smoking. Specific characteristics available at Figure 1b. Conclusion: The vast majority of patients with asthma attacks visiting ER were either not diagnosed for asthma or if they were diagnosed, they abused SABA and lacked proper medication. Most of them belong to stage II. Smoking, psychopathology, poor therapy adherence, lack of action plan and a new diagnosis where the most common characteristics.
European Respiratory Journal , 2019
European Respiratory Journal , 2018
European Respiratory Journal , 2018
European Respiratory Journal , 2018
European Respiratory Journal , 2018
European Respiratory Journal, 2018
European Respiratory Journal , 2017
European Respiratory Journal, 2017
European Respiratory Journal, 2015
European Respiratory Journal, 2014
Η τάση για ιδιωτικοποίηση κρατικών εταιριών εμφανίζεται στη δεκαετία του ’80 όταν νέοι τρόποι και... more Η τάση για ιδιωτικοποίηση κρατικών εταιριών εμφανίζεται στη δεκαετία του ’80 όταν νέοι τρόποι και μέθοδοι αναζητήθηκαν για την ανάκαμψη των εθνικών οικονομιών και την αποδέσμευση του κράτους από δραστηριότητες που μέχρι τότε χρηματοδοτούνταν αποκλειστικά από το δημόσιο τομέα (Pagoulatos, 2005).
Τα βασικά επιχειρήματα που διατυπώνονται υπέρ της ιδιωτικοποίησης των κρατικών υποδομών είναι η αύξηση της αποδοτικότητας, η ενίσχυση του ανταγωνισμού, η μείωση των ελλειμμάτων στους κρατικούς προϋπολογισμούς και διαχρονικά του χρέους των χωρών και, σε επέκταση, η οικονομική ανάπτυξη των χωρών. Ωστόσο, η ιδιωτικοποίηση των κρατικών υποδομών παρουσιάζει πολλά μειονεκτήματα, όπως το υψηλό πολιτικό και οικονομικό κόστος, το υψηλό κόστος ελέγχου της δράσης του εντολοδόχου από τους εντολείς, η μονοθεματικότητα, η κυριαρχία της επιχειρηματικής λογικής στην παροχή δημοσίων αγαθών, η αποσπασματική συμβολή στο συνολικό αναπτυξιακό προγραμματισμό καθώς και η μειωμένη δημοκρατική νομιμοποίηση και λογοδοσία. Οι ιδιωτικοποιήσεις και η εκχώρηση υπηρεσιών σε ιδιώτες, που αποσκοπούν κυρίως στην αυτοσυντήρηση τους και στην αποκομιδή κερδών από την πώληση υπηρεσιών, δεν αποτελούν πανάκεια. Αντιθέτως, η ευρωπαϊκή εμπειρία υποδεικνύει ότι αυτή η τακτική συνεπάγεται, συχνά, αύξηση του κόστους για τους πολίτες και το κράτος, υποβάθμιση της ποιότητας των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών και διεύρυνση της ανισότητας στην διανομή του εθνικού εισοδήματος.
Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι, αρχικά, η προσέγγιση των απόψεων γύρω από το θέμα των ιδιωτικοποιήσεων των υποδομών. Περεταίρω, επιχειρείται να διερευνηθεί η αντίληψη των πολιτών για την ιδιωτικοποίηση των υποδομών και ο βαθμός της κοινωνικής αποδοχής των ιδιωτικοποιήσεων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, πραγματοποιείται στατιστική έρευνα που βασίζεται στη χρήση κατάλληλα διαμορφωμένου ερωτηματολογίου σε δείγμα πεντακοσίων ατόμων στο νομό Αττικής, ώστε να διερευνηθούν οι πεποιθήσεις και αντιλήψεις του κοινωνικού συνόλου για τις ιδιωτικοποιήσεις των υποδομών, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα δημογραφικά και προσωπικά χαρακτηριστικά των ερωτώμενων.
Sustainability, 2021
The Greek National Energy and Climate Plan was validated by the Greek Governmental Committee of E... more The Greek National Energy and Climate Plan was validated by the Greek Governmental Committee of Economic Policy on 23 December 2019. The decisions included in this plan will have a significant impact on the Greek energy mix as the production of electricity from lignite combustion ceases in 2028, when lignite will be replaced by natural gas (NG) and renewable energy sources (RES). This work presents an assessment of the Greek National Energy and Climate Plan by analyzing its pros and cons. The main critiques made are focused on the absence of risk analysis and alternative scenarios, the proposed energy mix, the absence of other alternatives on the energy mix and energy storage, the low attention given to energy savings (transport, buildings), the future energy prices, and the economic and social impacts. This analysis shows that delaying this transition for some years, to better prepare it by taking into consideration the most sustainable paths for that transition, such as using more...
Atmosphere, 2022
Natural resources degradation poses multiple challenges particularly to environmental and economi... more Natural resources degradation poses multiple challenges particularly to environmental and economic processes. It is usually difficult to identify the degree of degradation and the critical vulnerability values in the affected systems. Thus, among other tools, indices (composite indicators) may also describe these complex systems or phenomena. In this approach, the Water and Land Resources Degradation Index was applied to the fifth largest Mediterranean island, Crete, for the 1999–2014 period. The Water and Land Resources Degradation Index uses 11 water and soil resources related indicators: Aridity Index, Water Demand, Drought Impacts, Drought Resistance Water Resources Infrastructure, Land Use Intensity, Soil Parent Material, Plant Cover, Rainfall, Slope, and Soil Texture. The aim is to identify the sensitive areas to degradation due to anthropogenic interventions and natural processes, as well as their vulnerability status. The results for Crete Island indicate that prolonged wate...
Tobacco, smoking control and health education, 2021
Since 2008 a new economic crisis is present is the entire planet. This crisis affects several dom... more Since 2008 a new economic crisis is present is the entire planet. This crisis affects several domains of the economic but also of the social life. Consumption decreases due to the lack of necessary resources of households to increase their expenditures. The car manufacturing is one of the main industrial activities in European Union (EU) and the present crisis particularly affects it. The present study examines the correlations between several socio-economic indicators and car market in European Union. The target is to find out the impact of the present economic crisis on the car market in EU.
This paper focuses on the use of Delphi technique in building consensus in practice. More specifi... more This paper focuses on the use of Delphi technique in building consensus in practice. More specifically, it reviews some fuzzy issues regarding the expert’s panel selection and the questionnaire design, while it provides two case examples for the consensus measurement. Hence, examining some controversies, it makes obvious that the purpose of the study and the homogeneity of the sample are crucial factors when designing the Delphi procedure. However, what still remains unclear is the approach in measuring consensus, which varies from study to study. In this case, the present paper recommends a complementary use of three measures to assess consensus, since each one separately could not be thought of as a good proxy of it. These measures are: (i) the interquartile range, (ii) the standard deviation and (iii) the 51 % percentage of respondents lying in the ‘highly important ’ or ‘strongly agreeing ’ category.
European Journal of Geography, 2020
The scope of the study is to detect spatial changes in the forested areas over six decades (1945 ... more The scope of the study is to detect spatial changes in the forested areas over six decades (1945 - 2010) of two completely different landscapes in Greece (pilot areas). The first pilot area is Kastoria which is a relatively remote and mountainous area located northwestern on the Greek peninsula, while the second one is Propontida which is a coastal area in the Chalkidiki peninsula (central Macedonia, Greece). High resolution orthorectified aerial images are used to detect the general types (classes) of land use/land cover (LULC) in these pilot areas. The results reveal that during the examined period, a notable spatial growth and thickening of the forest areas was found (10,51%) in the pilot area of Kastoria. The spatial homogeneity of the forested areas in Kastoria decreased only by 2,11%. Regarding Propontida, the forested areas decreased in total about 13,02% while the agricultural and arable land has increased by 12,10%.
This aim of this paper is to help explain the differences between the terms “sustainable developm... more This aim of this paper is to help explain the differences between the terms “sustainable development” and “green growth”. The concept of “sustainable development” was developed during the 80s and was based on three pillars: economy, environment and society. The concept of “green growth” is a more recent one. The two concepts have several differences. The first difference is that, from sustainable development to green growth, there is a degradation of the objectives. This is because the latter looses the social component of the former, as green growth is based only on the environment and the economy. The second difference is that green growth concerns only growth and not development, which is a broader concept. Green growth is only an economic growth based on the exploitation of the environment and can severely damage the environment. It is also one of the solutions proposed from the OECD to face the current economic crisis. For this last reason, green growth is accompanied by other ...
A spark ignition engine is used to determine the influence of fuel composition on the exhaust emi... more A spark ignition engine is used to determine the influence of fuel composition on the exhaust emissions of regulated pollutants and specific hydrocarbons. Two specific fuel matrixes are used: the first contains eight hydrocarbons and the second also four oxygenated compounds. Fuel aromatics increase the exhaust CO, HC and NOx. The addition of oxygenated compounds can decrease exhaust CO, HC and NOx up to 30%, 50% and 60% respectively. Under these conditions, the addition of 5% of 2-propanol is the most effective for the reduction of CO, the addition of 20% of ethanol for the reduction of HC and this of 5% of methyl-tri-butyl-ester (MTBE) for the NOx. The influence of fuel composition on the emission of more than 20 individual hydrocarbons is also presented. The emissions of all HC generally decrease with the addition of oxygenated compounds, except sometimes in the case of methane, ethane, ethylene, propylene, isobutene and cyclohexane, which increase. The percentages of these HC in the exhaust gas of the commercial fuel are calculated. Several models correlating the exhaust concentration of these pollutants with the fuel composition are also presented.
This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exh... more This paper investigates and analyzes the world scientific production on fuels, combustion and exhaust emissions by employing bibliometric techniques based on the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis was performed for Year, Subject Area, Document Type, Source Title, Affiliation, Country/Territory, Source Type, and keywords. The investigation was focused on five keywords: “fuel”, “combustion”, “diesel”, “gasoline” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”). In all five keywords, a significant increase in scientific production occurs with time. Engineering is the most productive subject area in all five cases followed by Energy in “fuel”, “combustion” and “gasoline” and by Environmental Science in “diesel” and (“exhaust gas” OR “exhaust emission”). Moreover, during the last years, Energy and Environmental Science show an increasing trend. SAE Technical Papers has the highest number of works in all keywords followed by International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy, Combustion And Flame,...
European Respiratory Journal, 2020
During the last few years, and under the pressure of the economic crisis, there has been a shift ... more During the last few years, and under the pressure of the economic crisis, there has been a shift to wood burning for domestic heating in Greece. This shift has a negative impact on Athens' air quality, resulting in intense "smog" events in Athens' atmosphere during winter time. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of residents' annoyance due to atmospheric pollution and its variation over time.
Tobacco, smoking control and health educ., 2020
Tobacco, smoking control and health educ., 2020
Conclusions Carbonyl compounds are emitted from ecigs and inhaled from the users. These compounds... more Conclusions Carbonyl compounds are emitted from ecigs and inhaled from the users. These compounds are known to be toxic and are products of thermal decomposition of both propylene glycol and glycerol. The sope of this work is to determine the impact of e-liquid composition on the emissions of carbonyl compounds.
INTRODUCTION: Unlike most countries smoking ban in closed public places in Greece has been ineffe... more INTRODUCTION: Unlike most countries smoking ban in closed public places in Greece has been ineffective since its enactment in 2009. AIM: This study aims to assess the degree of public acceptance of the recent smoking ban in Greece and analyze the parameters influencing its acceptance. METHODS: This research is based on 540 valid questionnaires collected between February and April 2011 in Athens area and suburbs. Respondents have been chosen as a representative human sample from the last census of Greece. Statistical analysis was initially based on the mean values of the responses concerning smoking habits and opinions about smoking ban. Comparison of responses and correlation with respondents9 personal data have been made. RESULTS: • 42% of the respondents were smokers with 20% among them being highly addicted (FTND: Fangestrom Test Of Nicotine Dependence). • 65% of the respondents agree with a smoking ban in all closed public places. • 50% believe that smoking restrictions could no...
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for various types of environment... more The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for various types of environmental degradation in the relative literature. This paper focuses on the studies dealing with CO2 emissions, because CO2 is the major greenhouse gas. CO2 is directly connected with the use of energy, which is one of the most important parameters of the economic development of countries. The results indicate that the EKC concept may be inappropriate to describe the particular relationship between economic growth and carbon
Tobacco, smoking control and health education, 2021
Tobacco, smoking control and health education, 2021
Monitoring airway disease, 2021
This paper focuses on the use of Delphi technique in building consensus in practice. More specifi... more This paper focuses on the use of Delphi technique in building consensus in practice. More specifically, it reviews some fuzzy issues regarding the expert’s panel selection and the questionnaire design, while it provides two case examples for the consensus measurement. Hence, examining some controversies, it makes obvious that the purpose of the study and the homogeneity of the sample are crucial factors when designing the Delphi procedure. However, what still remains unclear is the approach in measuring consensus, which varies from study to study. In this case, the present paper recommends a complementary use of three measures to assess consensus, since each one separately could not be thought of as a good proxy of it. These measures are: (i) the interquartile range, (ii) the standard deviation and (iii) the 51% percentage of respondents lying in the ‘highly important’ or ‘strongly agreeing’ category.
URBAN DESIGN International, 2021
Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban enviro... more Urban identity (UI) is a multi-faceted concept that encompasses different aspects of urban environment, built heritage and natural environment and is also related to important properties of the cities. The paper studies the associations between the inhabitants' perceptions of UI and their socio-demographic profile. The city of Thessaloniki is the case study of this research. The research was based on data collection via structured questionnaires, and the results were statistically analyzed using: descriptive statistics, χ 2 analysis, crosstabs method, regression analysis and discriminant analysis. The results show that UI, being a generally unknown term to the public, incorporates the notions of history and culture, urban environment, social behavior and everyday life, and it is influenced by social and economic factors. The perceptions on the city's identity are associated with gender, age and family status, as well as the way people spend their spare time. It emerges that, in Thessaloniki, a policy mix is necessary to preserve and upgrade the historical assets of the city, along with the improvement of its every day functions.
Computers in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2022
The concept of ecological debt describes the ecological relations between industrialized (develop... more The concept of ecological debt describes the ecological relations between industrialized (developed) and developing countries and the environment. It refers to the responsibility held by those who live in industrialized countries, as well as their accomplices in the South, for the continuing destruction of the planet due to production and consumption patterns. Ecological debt is a potentially powerful tool for re-discussing relations between North and South and for rethinking sustainable development policies. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the public's knowledge, attitude towards, and perceptions of topics related to the concept of ecological debt. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire among residents of Athens, the capital of Greece. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that this issue has been explored, with regard to public opinion and this is the beginning of a discussion on public understanding of ecological debt. The survey reveals that the concept of ecological debt is not widely understood; but the participants seem to agree on the causes of its generation and on its association with external financial debt. The research findings guide alternative proposals to relevant social movements and/or organizations for the design of wake-up policies.
Le concept de dette écologique décrit les relations écologiques entre les pays industrialisés (développés) et en développement et l'environnement naturel. Il fait référence à la responsabilité de ceux qui vivent dans les pays industrialisés, ainsi que de leurs complices du Sud, pour la poursuite de la destruction de la planète due aux modes de production et de consommation. La dette écologique est un outil potentiellement puissant pour repenser les relations entre le Nord et le Sud et pour repenser les politiques de développement durable. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'évaluer les connaissances, l'attitude et les perceptions du public à l'égard de sujets liés au concept de dette écologique. Une enquête a été menée à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré auprès des résidents d'Athènes, la capitale de la Grèce. À notre connaissance, c'est la première fois que cette question a été explorée, en ce qui concerne l'opinion publique. Ceci est le début d'une discussion sur la compréhension publique de la dette écologique. L'enquête révèle que le concept de dette écologique n'est pas bien compris. mais les participants semblent s'accorder sur les causes de sa génération et sur son association avec la dette financière extérieure. Les résultats de cette recherche peuvent fournir aux mouvements sociaux et/ou organisations des propositions alternatives pour la construction de programmes de sensibilisation sociale.
Με την έννοια του οικολογικού χρέους επιχειρείται η περιγραφή των οικολογικών σχέσεων μεταξύ βιομηχανικών (ανεπτυγμένων) και αναπτυσσόμενων χωρών και του περιβάλλοντος. Το οικολογικό χρέος αναφέρεται στην ευθύνη των κατοίκων των βιομηχανικών χωρών, καθώς και των συνεργατών τους στο Νότο, για τη συνεχιζόμενη καταστροφή του πλανήτη λόγω των ακολουθούμενων μοντέλων παραγωγής και κατανάλωσης. Το οικολογικό χρέος αποτελεί ένα δυνητικά ισχυρό εργαλείο για την επανεξέταση των σχέσεων μεταξύ Βορρά και Νότου και για την επανεξέταση των πολιτικών βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης. Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η εκτίμηση της γνώσης, της στάσης και των αντιλήψεων του κοινού σε θέματα που σχετίζονται με την έννοια του οικολογικού χρέους. Η έρευνα διεξήχθη με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίου το οποίο απευθύνθηκε στους κατοίκους της Αθήνας, πρωτεύουσα της Ελλάδας. Από όσο γνωρίζουμε, είναι η πρώτη φορά που διερευνάται αυτό το θέμα, όσον αφορά στην άποψη των πολιτών. Έτσι η παρούσα εργασία φιλοδοξεί να συνεισφέρει στη έναρξη του διαλόγου για την έννοια του οικολογικού χρέους, καθώς και την ευαισθητοποίηση του κοινού. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας προκύπτει ότι η έννοια του οικολογικού χρέους δεν είναι ευρέως διαδεδομένη, αλλά αναλύοντας την μέσω επιμέρους ερωτήσεων, οι συμμετέχοντες φαίνεται να συμφωνούν με τα αίτια της γένεσής του, καθώς και με τη σύνδεσή του με το εξωτερικό οικονομικό χρέος. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της έρευνας μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως εναλλακτικές λύσεις σε κοινωνικά κινήματα και οργανώσεις για την κατάστρωση προγραμμάτων και πολιτικών κοινωνικής αφύπνισης.
29ο Πανελλήνιο Πνευμονολογικό Συνέδριο, 2020
Οι παροξύνσεις βρογχικού άσθματος αποτελούν κύρια αιτία επίσκεψης στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικ... more Οι παροξύνσεις βρογχικού άσθματος αποτελούν κύρια αιτία επίσκεψης στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών (ΤΕΠ) και πιθανό κίνδυνο για την ζωή του ασθενούς. Η διερεύνηση των χαρακτηριστικών των ασθενών με παροξύνσεις άσθματος θα οδηγήσει στην καλύτερη διαχείριση τους και πιθανά σε μείωση των παροξύνσεων. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ Οι ασθενείς που επισκέφτηκαν το ΤΕΠ με κλινική διάγνωση παρόξυνση άσθματος κλήθηκαν μετά από 3 μήνες για επανεξέταση στα εξωτερικά ιατρεία. Στους ασθενείς που επιβεβαιώσαμε τη διάγνωση του άσθματος μελετήσαμε τις παραμέτρους που φαίνονται στον πίνακα 1. Συμπεριλήφθηκαν 100 ασθενείς στη μελέτη. Αλλεργική ρινίτιδα είχε το 51,5%, ΓΟΠ το 26,5% ενώ το 25,9% ήταν παχύσαρκοι (BMI >30). Σχετικά με το ιστορικό καπνίσματος, 40,4% των ασθματικών ασθενών ήταν ενεργοί καπνιστές, 24,2% πρώην καπνιστές ενώ το 31,4% των μη καπνιστών αναφέρει έκθεση σε παθητικό κάπνισμα. Εκτίμηση της ψυχοπαθολογίας με βάση το ερωτηματολόγιο HAD'S ανέδειξε την αγχώδη διαταραχή (cut-off>11) σε 31,2% και την κατάθλιψη (cut-off>11) σε 12,5%. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ ➢ Οι ασθενείς με διάγνωση άσθματος συμμορφώνονταν κατά 62,3% στη θεραπεία. ➢ Η πλειοψηφία των ασθενών με παροξύνσεις άσθματος που οδηγήθηκαν στα ΤΕΠ ανήκαν στο στάδιο Ι και ΙΙ και είχαν ως συχνότερα χαρακτηριστικά την αλλεργική ρινίτιδα και την παχυσαρκία. ➢ Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι σημαντικά ποσοστά ασθματικών είχαν άγχος και κατάθλιψη (χωρίς κάποιοι να το γνωρίζουν) ➢ Σημαντικό επίσης είναι το γεγονός ότι οι ασθματικοί ασθενείς καπνίζουν σε υψηλό ποσοστό. Πιστεύουμε πως το γεγονός ότι σημαντικός αριθμός παροξύνσεων στα ΤΕΠ αφορά ασθενείς με ήπιο άσθμα μπορεί να αποδοθεί σε παράγοντες όπως: • η έλλειψη διάγνωσης • η ελλιπής συμμόρφωση • το κάπνισμα • οι συννοσηρότητες • η κατάθλιψη • το άγχος • η παχυσαρκία Περισσότερη έρευνα απαιτείται για να τεκμηριωθούν τα αίτια των παροξύνσεων άσθματος που οδηγούν τους ασθματικούς στα ΤΕΠ και προοπτικές μελέτες για να αποδείξουν ότι η βελτίωση αυτών των παραγόντων θα οδηγήσει σε μείωση των παροξύνσεων. (1) Εθνικό Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα (2) Μονάδα Πνευμονολογίας και Αναπνευστικής Ανεπάρκειας Α' ΚΕΘ, ΓΝΑ Ευαγγελισμός, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα (3) Πνευμονολογική Κλινική, ΓΝΑ Ευαγγελισμός , Αθήνα, Ελλάδα (4) Ιατρική Σχολή ΕΚΠΑ, Αθήνα, Ελλάδα (5) Πνευμονολογική Κλινική Τρικάλων (6) Ελληνικό Ανοικτό Πανεπιστήμιο (7) West London NHS Trust;
29ο Πανελλήνιο Πνευμονολογικό Συνέδριο, 2020
Εισαγωγή Ως φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του τσιγάρου εννοούνται οι διαστάσεις και το βάρος. Οι νομοθετι... more Εισαγωγή Ως φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του τσιγάρου εννοούνται οι διαστάσεις και το βάρος. Οι νομοθετικά ορισμένες εκπομπές είναι του μονοξειδίου του άνθρακα, της πίσσας και της νικοτίνης. Τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτά και οι εκπομπές αυτές λαμβάνουν ορισμένες τιμές οι οποίες παρουσιάζουν κάποιες συσχετίσεις μεταξύ τους και επίσης μεταβάλλονται με τον χρόνο. Μεθοδολογία Η εργασία αυτή αναλύει τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά και τις εκπομπές των τσιγάρων που έχουν δηλωθεί στην γαλλική αγορά, μίας από τις μεγαλύτερες του κόσμου, από το 2016 μέχρι το 2019, σύμφωνα με τα δεδομένα του Γαλλικού Φορέα ΑNSES. Αποτελέσματα Σε αυτή την αγορά έχουν κυκλοφορήσει συνολικά 2,400 διαφορετικοί τύποι τσιγάρων. Στο διάστημα υπάρχουν 11 διαφορετικοί τύποι πακέτων τσιγάρων. Η πλειοψηφία των πακέτων περιέχουν 20 τσιγάρα, ωστόσο, το ποσοστό των τσιγάρων με 20 τσιγάρα μειώνεται, ενώ αυτό των 30 τσιγάρων αυξάνεται. Το μήκος του τσιγάρου και του φίλτρου και της διαμέτρου του τσιγάρου εμφανίζουν 14, 9 και 16 διαφορετικές τιμές αντίστοιχα. Λίγες μόνο τιμές αυτών των παραμέτρων εκπροσωπούν το 90% των συνολικών τύπων τσιγάρων. Το 9.8% όλων των τύπων αντιστοιχούν στα «ελαφριά» τσιγάρα. Το μέσο μήκος τσιγάρου και του φίλτρου καθώς και της διαμέτρου είναι 86.03mm, 24.33mm 7.56mm αντίστοιχα. Όλα τα τσιγάρα χωρίς φίλτρο έχουν μήκος 69mm. Οι μέσες τιμές και των τριών χαρακτηριστικών παραμένουν σταθερές κατά τη διάρκεια της τετραετίας. Η ανάλυση των λόγων του μήκους/διαμέτρου του τσιγάρου και του μήκους του φίλτρου/μήκος τσιγάρου δείχνει ότι υπάρχει γραμμική συσχέτιση μεταξύ του μήκους φίλτρου και του μήκους τσιγάρου. Ωστόσο, υπάρχει μια ομάδα τύπων τσιγάρου με σταθερό μήκος διαμέτρου και φίλτρου ανεξάρτητο από το μήκος τσιγάρου, ενώ δυο άλλες ομάδες παρουσιάζουν μείωση της διαμέτρου σε σχέση με το μήκος του τσιγάρου και σταθερό μήκος τσιγάρου ανεξάρτητο από το μήκος του φίλτρου (Σχήμα 1). Το βάρος του καπνού και του τσιγάρου παρουσιάζουν μεγάλη ποικιλομορφία με 227 και 314 τιμές αντίστοιχα. Το μέσο βάρος του καπνού και του τσιγάρου όλων των τύπων τσιγάρων είναι 582.51mg και 809mg αντίστοιχα, με μικρή σχετικά διασπορά των τιμών. Καμμιά διακριτή τιμή δεν εμφανίζει μεγάλη συχνότητα, ενώ τα «ελαφριά» τσιγάρα αντιστοιχούν περίπου στο 10% όλων των τύπων τσιγάρων. Οι μέσες τιμές του βάρους του καπνού και του τσιγάρου παραμένουν σταθερές αυτό το διάστημα. Παρατηρείται ότι το βάρος του τσιγάρου είναι ανάλογο του βάρους του καπνού, όπως επίσης το βάρος του τσιγάρου καθώς και το βάρος του καπνού αυξάνονται καθώς αυξάνεται το συνολικό μήκος του τσιγάρου, το μήκος του τσιγάρου χωρίς το φίλτρο και της διαμέτρου του τσιγάρου. Οι εκπομπές πίσσας, νικοτίνης και CO κοινοποιούνται σε περίπου 25 διαφορετικές τιμές, ενώ τρεις τιμές καταλαμβάνουν το 75-80% όλων των κοινοποιήσεων. Τα περισσότερα τσιγάρα παράγουν τους παραπάνω ρύπους σε ποσότητες κοντά στο ανώτερο νομοθετικό οροί, ενώ οι μέσες τιμές εκπομπής της πίσσας, της νικοτίνης και του CO είναι 8.43, 6.99 και 8.63mg αντίστοιχα. Οι τιμές των εκπομπών της πίσσας και της νικοτίνης είναι κοντά στη μέση τιμή τους, ενώ αυτές του CO είναι πιο διάσπαρτες. Κάθε τσιγάρο θα έχει είτε υψηλές τιμές, είτε χαμηλές τιμές ρύπων. ωστόσο, οι μέσες τιμές παραμένουν αρκετά σταθερές από το 2016 έως το 2019 (Σχήμα 2). Συμπεράσματα Η αγορά τσιγάρων αποτελείται από προϊόντα συγκεκριμένων χαρακτηριστικών τα οποία έχουν κάποιες συσχετίσεις μεταξύ τους.
29ο Πανελλήνιο Πνευμονολογικό Συνέδριο, 2020
Τα θερμαινόμενα καπνικά προϊόντα θερμαίνουν καπνό ώστε να απελευθερωθεί η νικοτίνη. Θεωρητικά δεν... more Τα θερμαινόμενα καπνικά προϊόντα θερμαίνουν καπνό ώστε να απελευθερωθεί η νικοτίνη. Θεωρητικά δεν υπάρχει καύση και δεν εκλύονται άλλες ενώσεις. Όμως, η βιβλιογραφία έχει δείξει ότι και καύση λαμβάνει χώρα και άλλες ενώσεις εκλύονται.
29ο Πανελλήνιο Πνευμονολογικό Συνέδριο, 2020
Εισαγωγή Τα ηλεκτρονικά τσιγάρα αποτελούνται από έναν ή περισσότερους διαλύτες, τη νικοτίνη και π... more Εισαγωγή Τα ηλεκτρονικά τσιγάρα αποτελούνται από έναν ή περισσότερους διαλύτες, τη νικοτίνη και πιθανά αρώματα και άλλες ουσίες. Η θέρμανση αυτών των υγρών μετατρέπει τα συστατικά αυτά σε ατμούς που εισπνέονται από τον χρήστη. Όμως, εκτός από αυτούς τους ατμούς, και άλλες ουσίες εισπνέονται, ως προϊόντα θερμικής διάσπασης των συστατικών των υγρών. Μεθοδολογία Οι βάσεις Scopus και Pubmed χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για να προσδιοριστούν οι εκπομπές των ηλεκτρονικών τσιγάρων που έχουν αναφερθεί στη βιβλιογραφία. Η αναζήτηση που έγινε ήταν: "ecig OR e-cig OR "electronic cigarette*" OR e-cigarette* OR "Vape pen*" OR "Vaping device" OR "electronic nicotine delivery system*" AND emission* OR vapor OR aerosol OR voc OR pollutant* OR particle* OR "particulate matter" OR pm", με άρθρα μετά το 2010 και μόνο στα αγγλικά. Αποτελέσματα Βρέθηκαν 222 σχετικά άρθρα που δημοσιεύτηκαν σε 85 διαφορετικά περιοδικά. Συνολικά 1,398 συγγραφείς εμπλέκονται, με μέσο όρο 6.30 συγγραφείς/άρθρο, με ελάχιστο 1 και μέγιστο 63 συγγραφείς. Τα 165 άρθρα αναφέρουν εκπομπές αερίων, τα 31 μετάλλων και τα 76 σωματιδίων, ενώ πολλά άρθρα αναφέρουν πάνω από μία κατηγορία. Τα 93 άρθρα παρήχθησαν μόνο από έναν φορέα, τα 57 από δύο, ενώ τα υπόλοιπα από 3 μέχρι και 6 φορείς. Από τα 222 έγγραφα, τα 32 (14,4%) είναι έγγραφα που συνδέονται με την καπνοβιομηχανία, από μία μόνο εταιρεία (21 έγγραφα) ή με άλλους εταίρους (11 έγγραφα), ενώ τα υπόλοιπα 190 (85,6%) είναι συνδεδεμένα με Πανεπιστήμια, Οργανισμούς (Εθνικά Ιδρύματα, Άλλους Οργανισμούς κ.λπ.) ή άλλες Εταιρείες. Από τις 222 εργασίες, τα 58 δεν δηλώνουν χρηματοδότηση, ενώ τα άλλα έχουν από 1 έως 7 χρηματοδοτικά ιδρύματα. Από αυτά τα 222 έργα, τα 58 δεν δηλώνουν χρηματοδότηση και τα υπόλοιπα 164 έλαβαν χρηματοδότηση. Από τα 58 πρώτα άρθρα, τα 12 είναι συνδεδεμένα με τις καπνοβιομηχανίες, ενώ τα άλλα 46 όχι. Από τα 164 έγγραφα που δηλώνουν χρηματοδότηση, τα 20 έλαβαν χρηματοδότηση από την καπνοβιομηχανία (3 είναι συνδεδεμένα με την καπνοβιομηχανία και 17 όχι), τα 12 δηλώνουν χρηματοδότηση από πανεπιστήμιο (κανένα με affiliation καπνοβιομηχανίας), τα 126 από εθνικό, διεθνές κ.λπ. οργανισμό (μόνο ένα με καπνοβιομηχανία) και 6 από εταιρεία (εταιρεία e-cigs κ.λπ., 2 από αυτά είναι συνδεδεμένα με την καπνοβιομηχανία). Συνολικά, αυτά τα άρθρα περιέχουν 558 διαφορετικές αέριες ενώσεις πολλές από τις οποίες είναι τοξικές, 60 διαφορετικά μέταλλα (3 διαφορετικά ισότοπα ουρανίου και δύο μείγματα μετάλλων) και 36 διαφορετικά μέτρα για τον προσδιορισμό των σωματιδίων (αριθμός, μάζα κ.λπ.). Συμπεράσματα Τα ηλεκτρονικά τσιγάρα εκπέμπουν πλήθος άλλων ενώσεων εκτός από τους ατμούς των υγρών τους, κάποιες από τις οποίες είναι τοξικές.
1ο Διαδικτυακό Συνέδριο για την Ενεργειακή Φτώχεια, 2020
Περίληψη Η θέρμανση των κατοικιών αποτελεί ένα κρίσιμο αγαθό για την ευημερία των ανθρώπων και η ... more Περίληψη Η θέρμανση των κατοικιών αποτελεί ένα κρίσιμο αγαθό για την ευημερία των ανθρώπων και η μη επαρκής επίτευξής της έχει συνδεθεί με αυξημένα ποσοστά νοσηρότητας και θνησιμότητας. Η οικονομική κρίση που πλήττει τα τελευταία χρόνια τις περισσότερες χώρες έχει οδηγήσει σε αύξηση της τιμής του πετρελαίου θέρμανσης, που αποτελεί ένα από τα κύρια μέσα θέρμανσης, καθώς και σε κατακόρυφη μείωση των εισοδημάτων των πολιτών. Ως αποτέλεσμα πολλά νοικοκυριά αντιμετωπίζουν αδυναμία πρόσβασης σε συνθήκες επαρκούς θέρμανσης και ζουν σε συνθήκες ενεργειακής ένδειας με αρνητικές επιπτώσεις για την υγεία τους. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η συγκριτική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων τεσσάρων διακριτών ερευνών που διερευνούν τις απόψεις των κατοίκων της Αθήνας για τον τρόπο θέρμανσης των νοικοκυριών τους. Οι έρευνες διεξήχθησαν κατά την χειμερινή περίοδο με τη χρήση του ίδιου ερωτηματολογίου, το οποίο απευθύνθηκε σε μόνιμους κατοίκους της Αττικής. Με την στατιστική ανάλυση και σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων επιχειρείται ο εντοπισμός πιθανών διαφοροποιήσεων όσον αφορά στην επιλογή τρόπου θέρμανσης και στη διερεύνηση της ανθεκτικότητας των απόψεων στο χρόνο. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας αναδεικνύουν ότι η πλειοψηφία των μεταβλητών που εξετάστηκαν παραμένουν περίπου σταθερές στο χρόνο και δεν παρουσιάζουν σημαντικές μεταβολές. Καταγράφεται ένα σημαντικό ποσοστό συμμετεχόντων που διαχρονικά δηλώνει αδυναμία επαρκούς θέρμανσης της κατοικίας είτε μην έχοντας τη δυνατότητα προμήθειας πετρελαίου θέρμανσης είτε θερμαίνοντας επιλεκτικά κάποιους χώρους. Επίσης σημαντική μερίδα των ερωτηθέντων δηλώνει πως άλλαξαν μαζικά τρόπο θέρμανσης στην αρχή της κρίσης, ενώ ο τρόπος αυτός τείνει σταδιακά να σταθεροποιηθεί. Λέξεις-κλειδιά: ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση, τρόπος θέρμανσης, απόψεις του κοινού 1. Εισαγωγή Η θέρμανση θεωρείται ένα βασικό κοινωνικό αγαθό απαραίτητο για ποιοτική και άνετη διαβίωση των ανθρώπων. Σύμφωνα με το Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Υγείας (ΠΟΥ) η θερμοκρασία των 20 ο c θεωρείται ιδανική για την επίτευξη συνθηκών θερμικής άνεσης (WHO, 2009). Οι πολύ χαμηλές ή πολύ υψηλές θερμοκρασίες εσωτερικού χώρου έχουν σοβαρές επιπτώσεις στην ποιότητα του περιβάλλοντος των εσωτερικών χώρων και συνδέονται με την αύξηση της θνησιμότητας και της νοσηρότητας (Clinch and. Healy, 2000; Healy, 2003). Υπολογίζεται ότι περίπου 1,3 με 2,6 εκ. άνθρωποι στον πλανήτη δεν έχουν πρόσβαση συνθήκες επαρκούς θέρμανσης (ΙΕΑ, 2015). Το πρόβλημα της ανεπαρκούς ή μη πρόσβασης σε υπηρεσίες ενέργειας εντοπίζεται κυρίως στις αναπτυσσόμενες χώρες. Ωστόσο, αποτελεί πλέον σημαντικό πρόβλημα και για τις αναπτυγμένες χώρες, το οποίο έχει ενταθεί την τελευταία δεκαετία λόγω
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
The issue of sustainability in the context of higher education is a relatively recent theme. The ... more The issue of sustainability in the context of higher education is a relatively recent theme. The 2030 Agenda established by the UN General Assembly in 2015 and the associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicate that higher education institutions (HEIs) should, more than ever, engage in the implementation of sustainable development in all thematic areas (Montenegro, 2020). The aim of this study is to present the definition of a Sustainable University and the practices that govern it.
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
There is a huge demand on public infrastructure and services world wide, while the government bud... more There is a huge demand on public infrastructure and services world wide, while the government budget of any country is always limited. In addition, the public sector often lacks the technologies, skills and expertise required for efficient infrastructure development (Kerf et al., 2018). As a result, many countries are turning to infrastructure privatization or in the public-private partnerships (PPPs). Delivering infrastructure projects through private sector participation via public-private partnerships (PPPs) is arguably an efficient way of fulfilling public infrastructure needs (Mazher et al., 2018). In this study we investigate the opinion of the inhabitants of Athens, the capital of Greece, about infrastructure privatization. This work is focused on the main sectors: transport (ports, airports and highways), education, health, energy, water supply, telecommunications, public administration and municipal services (e.g. waste management).
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
Noise pollution is one of the most important environmental problems with severe impacts on human ... more Noise pollution is one of the most important environmental problems with severe impacts on human health and quality of life. The present research examines the annoyance caused by noise pollution in Athens, the capital of Greece. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire addressed to 470 inhabitants of Athens. Annoyance from noise pollution and its main sources have been investigated in both residential and working environments. The results show that the main noise pollution sources in residence areas are traffic, neighborhood noise, civil works and entertainment, while the corresponding sources in working environments are traffic and construction works. Finally, results show that a significant portion of the population of Athens suffers from a high level of noise annoyance.
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
The objective of this study is to investigate the correlations between the frequency of deaths an... more The objective of this study is to investigate the correlations between the frequency of deaths and the ambient temperature. For this purpose, the data of ambient temperature and deaths in Greece were analyzed for the period 2014-2016. The data regarding the number and cause of deaths were obtained from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). The deaths were classified according to gender and age groups (every five years). Two main categories of diseases were considered as causes of death in this work: heart diseases and respiratory diseases. The temperature data were obtained from the Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS), for the stations Florina, Mikra, Alexandroupoli, Ioannina, Larissa, Mytilini, Araxos, Tripoli and Tatoi, covering the entire Greece. An average daily temperature of these stations were used. The deaths were subsequently correlated with temperature data. For both genders and for all age groups, the total number of deaths in 2014 and 2015 show a U form, with a minimum at about 20-21 o C. The same trend is observed in the case of deaths from cardiac of respiratory causes for both men and women.
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
Up until now some authors have examined the physical characteristics of cigarettes and the possib... more Up until now some authors have examined the physical characteristics of cigarettes and the possible correlations between tar, nicotine and CO emissions, by taking a sample of a market. No complete analysis of the cigarettes of a market and their characteristics has been performed so far. This work analyzes the physical characteristics of cigarettes, tar, nicotine and CO emissions, and their probable correlations. More specifically, all types of cigarettes notified to the French market during the period 2016-2019 are analyzed. Their physical characteristics regarding pack type, number of cigarettes per pack, dimension (cigarette length, filter length and diameter and their ratios), weight (tobacco and cigarette weight) and the ratios weight/dimensions are analyzed and the average values of each parameter, as well as the standard deviation of these values and the evolution in time is presented. The emissions of tar, nicotine and CO are also analyzed, and the probable correlations between them and the physical characteristics of cigarettes are examined. This analysis shows that there is a limited number of distinct values for length, diameter, weigh and emissions. The evolution in time is quite limited. Some dimensions and weights are related to each other. Emissions are related to each other, but not to the physical characteristics of cigarettes.
1st International Conference On Environmental Design, 2020
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented measures affecting the everyday... more The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented measures affecting the everyday life, the practices and the perceptions of the global population significantly. The aim of this paper is to investigate the perceptions, experiences and practices of active population regarding everyday life in the context of the first wave of the pandemic, by focusing on people that live and work in Greek cities. The presented analysis was based on the data collected using a structured questionnaire, addressed to the active population. The paper intends to identify impacts on everyday activities, working conditions, mobility, as well as on perceptions about urban space and urban policies and correlates the findings with the profile of the respondents. The results of the analysis can provide useful information to policy-makers and show that there is a necessity to radically rethink on aspects of urban space and urban mobility, in relation with the multiple problems and dynamics of the active population.
ERS International Congress, 2020
During the last few years, and under the pressure of the economic crisis, there has been a shift ... more During the last few years, and under the pressure of the economic crisis, there has been a shift to wood burning for domestic heating in Greece. This shift has a negative impact on Athens' air quality, resulting in intense "smog" events in Athens' atmosphere during winter time. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of residents' annoyance due to atmospheric pollution and its variation over time.
ERS International Congress, 2020
ERS International Congress, 2020
Conclusions Carbonyl compounds are emitted from ecigs and inhaled from the users. These compounds... more Conclusions Carbonyl compounds are emitted from ecigs and inhaled from the users. These compounds are known to be toxic and are products of thermal decomposition of both propylene glycol and glycerol. The sope of this work is to determine the impact of e-liquid composition on the emissions of carbonyl compounds.