Markella Tsichla | Hellenic Open University (original) (raw)

Books by Markella Tsichla

Βάνιας , 2019

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να μελετηθεί το φαινόμενο της λογοκρισίας στην τέχνη και να ανα... more Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να μελετηθεί το φαινόμενο της λογοκρισίας στην τέχνη και να αναλυθούν οι περιπτώσεις λογοκρισίας στις εικαστικές τέχνες στη μεταπολεμική ελληνική τέχνη. Οι περιπτώσεις λογοκρισίας επιλέχθηκε να αναλυθούν ενταγμένες σε ένα γενικότερο διεθνοποιημένο πλαίσιο. Για το λόγο αυτό, διερευνήθηκαν οι όψεις, οι τύποι και οι κατηγορίες της λογοκρισίας που εμφανίζονται στην Ελλάδα και το εξωτερικό, ώστε να δημιουργηθεί ένα πλαίσιο ανάλυσης της λογοκρισίας στη διεθνή τέχνη αλλά και στις υπόλοιπες μορφές τέχνης στην Ελλάδα. Ως αποτέλεσμα το φαινόμενο της λογοκρισίας στην τέχνη, επιλέχθηκε να δοθεί συνθετικά, αξιοποιώντας την ελληνική και διεθνή εμπειρία. Τα περιστατικά λογοκρισίας στις εικαστικές τέχνες που αποτέλεσαν το αντικείμενο έρευνας, επιλέχθηκε να εξετασθούν θεματικά, δηλαδή με γνώμονα το κίνητρο που προκάλεσε τη λογοκρισία και κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν ως εξής: πολιτική λογοκρισία, ηθική λογοκρισία, θρησκευτική λογοκρισία, λογοκρισία εθνικών συμβόλων, οικολογική λογοκρισία, αισθητική λογοκρισία και φεμινιστική λογοκρισία.

Papers by Markella Tsichla

Macedonian Studies Journal, Special Edition, 2023

The Macedonian Struggle (1904-1908) was one of the most important national efforts of the 20th ce... more The Macedonian Struggle (1904-1908) was one of the most important national efforts of the 20th century and the one that prepared the ground for the liberation of Macedonia during the Balkan Wars (1912-13). It was trench warfare conducted by the Greeks both against the Ottoman Turks and the Bulgarian comitadjis who were plotting its lands. The Greekness of Macedonia was the dominant issue and many people from all over Greece gave their lives, including Pavlos Melas, whose premature and unjust sacrifice was a point of reference for all fighters. Thus, a new generation of heroes was “born”, and their descendants tried tenaciously to keep their memory alive. In order to honor and acknowledge the sacrifice of the Macedonian fighters, they created monuments in Macedonian cities, towns and villages that immortalized the protagonists and chronicled the events of the period. On the other hand, these works are not only historical monuments but also art monuments that enrich with their new elements the sculpture of historical subjects of Modern Greek art. In fact, their number is impressive and far exceeds works of this type that refer to other national moments of the Greek history.

The aim of this PhD dissertation is to investigate: a) the in-depth progress of the visual arts i... more The aim of this PhD dissertation is to investigate: a) the in-depth progress of the visual arts in the city of Thessaloniki, b) the historical and social conditions in which the artistic works were created, c) the analysis of the cultural data of the city, d) the intercultural examination of the artistic creation and e) the registration of the artistic works and the artistic potential active in Thessaloniki.The up to date scientific research on Art in Thessaloniki, is distinguished by its fragmentary and epidermal character, since it is referred almost exclusively to individual artists and works that were accepted only by a particular public without anyone getting deeper to factors that played a significant role in the evolution of art and culture in the city.After the Great War, historical and social conditions were changed in Thessaloniki. Specifically we can refer to the refugee issue and the Macedonian topic, the intercultural character of the city, the historical factors, the n...

World Journal of Education and Humanities, 2022

Philhellenism was a movement, its origins dating back to ancient times, that played a key role in... more Philhellenism was a movement, its origins dating back to ancient times, that played a key role in the 19th century and the outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821. The contribution of military philhellenism to the liberation struggle of the Greeks is well known, but equally important was the humanitarian philhellenism, manifested in the arts, literature and science and influenced the public opinion of Europe and America, preparing the ground for the perception of this Struggle as a Sacred Struggle against oppression and barbarism. The images painted by famous and anonymous artists back then reflect the atmosphere of that time and the feeling that this uneven battle of the Greeks against the Ottoman Turks was a symbol of the fight against all barbaric behavior, such as oppression, lack of freedom, the rise of the slaveholders, and questioning religious faith. These are images that generally express the desire of European public opinion, in accordance with the teachings of the Enlightenment, to defend human rights with the necessary respect for secularism and ethnic origin. At the same time, the dominant spirit of the time highlights the connection between Greece and Antiquity, as classical culture had a great influence on the artists and intellectuals of the time. As a result, the images with reference to the Greek Revolution and its protagonists have many characteristics that take the form of symbols either of the conflict between different cultures with reference to religious differences or the connection of modern and classical Greece. Undoubtedly, the artistic movement of Romanticism played a key role to all this and Eugene Delacroix emerged as the embodiment of this perception.

Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, 2021

The coronavirus pandemic, scientifically named Covid-19, was entirely a unique phenomenon that af... more The coronavirus pandemic, scientifically named Covid-19, was entirely a unique phenomenon that affected the lives of billions of people around the world The problem persists, with a happy ending not yet fully visible, even if, in due course, medical science discovers ways to reduce or eliminate this pandemic The negative impact of the disease on people’s lives has been enormous, with millions of dead people, while at the same time it affected the global economy as well as social cohesion, making life difficult for people Culture was also a major victim of the pandemic, as the direct contacts of artists and experts with the works of art of the world cultural heritage were immediately cut off Greece felt the negative consequences in this area, as its history and culture are linked to tourism and the promotion of its cultural heritage has suffered a major blow Masterpieces from the past, of great his-torical importance and aesthetic value, were found in isolation as the difficulties of...

Advances in Social Science and Culture

The Greek Revolution of 1821 was one of the most important issues in Europe of the early 19th cen... more The Greek Revolution of 1821 was one of the most important issues in Europe of the early 19th century on a political and military level. The outbreak of the Greek Revolution was not supported by the Great Powers of the time, since as a liberation struggle it violated the terms of the Holy Alliance (1815), however it managed to prevail thanks to the support of the people of Europe as they regarded this an effort of a small nation to claim its freedom and oppose to slavery and authoritarianism. After all, we are in the time of Romanticism and this kind of struggle enjoyed the support of intellectuals, collectives, and different groups of citizens. Philhellenism was on the rise, and painters like Delacroix made a huge impact with works that made a strong impression on Europe. After the success of the Revolution, many foreign artists came to Greece, some on their own initiative as travelers and others carrying out their King’s orders. Some of them were painters (both amateur and profess...

American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021

The collaboration between art and technology goes way back to the 19th century, but mainly from t... more The collaboration between art and technology goes way back to the 19th century, but mainly from the period of modernism onwards (dadaism, pop art and fluxus), when many artists used technological discoveries to create original and innovative images, to expandartistic horizons, to get closer to the “ masses” and to multiply theirchances to promote their work. In modern times, the outburst of this phenomenon was observed in the 1990’s, when high technology and computers invaded people’s lives and became part of their routine. One of the things that was directly influenced was visual arts and visual culture in general, which traditionally “resisted” the invasion of technological media in the name of the individuality of the work of art, its aesthetic quality and personal inspiration.
As a result, a new kind of art was born known as “Digital Art” (or “Art of New Media” and “Art of New Technologies”, terms often used in literature), with artists channeling their imagination through the computer. It was this, combined with the use of the Internet (World Wide Web), which dramatically expanded the opportunities for artistic expression, while providing the means to two-way communication, where the user participates in the development process of the project (Interaction). This form of art soon turned into a modern “art movement”, that relied heavily on the dominance of technology, which was also the case for other art forms, which critics reluctantly classified as Avant Garde. This means that contemporary digital works are also reviewedbased on the semantic range they contain as works of art. This type of art has become more and more popular and many artists abroad and in Greece, become dedicated to this form of art, while many museums choose to display their work. At the same time, a lot of universities and institutions have included computer science courses in their undergraduate and graduate programs.

International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies, 2021

The connection of art with science and technology is a constant and inevitable phenomenon that is... more The connection of art with science and technology is a constant and inevitable phenomenon that is connected with the character and the very existence of organized societies, with the default interactions of people and their achievements and of course has to do with the need of artists to express themselves as fully as possible and with innovative actions. The image, whether static or moving, is subject to influences, sometimes catalytic, so that the artistic data constantly change. Contemporary art is developing fast in this field today, as it is influenced by digital technology and new media as an additional indication of postmodern perception. Suddenly, the image became more complex, the movement was combined with the statics of some of its elements, such as constructions and installations, virtuality became the main part of expression, combining space and time, characteristics of cyberspace, and enriching the senses with new experiences. Digital art quickly became interactive, multifaceted, animated, participatory and multisensory, embracing through its digital nature, the mediums of video, photography, sculpture, as well as other types and categories of artistic expression, often assisted by music, cinema and speech. Greek artists from the 1980s onwards moved into this artistic landscape, with pioneering Greek artists living abroad and first coming into contact with the Art of the New Media. Entering the 21st century, this kind of art is constantly gaining ground as one of the main cognitive subjects of schools of fine arts and art workshops. On the other hand, the international shift to digitalism, gives the Art of New Media a cross-cultural aura and a greater proximity to globalization, which makes the interpretation of Digital Art multidimensional. The present study seeks to penetrate the aspects of Digital Art in Greece, from its first steps until today, to the pioneering artists who introduced it in Greece, the successors-representatives at the dawn of the 21st century, the art workshops that produce the Art of New Media and finally exhibitions-highlights, and events that have institutionalized Digital Art in the Greek art scene.

Advances in Social Science and Culture, 2021

The Greek Revolution of 1821 was one of the most important issues in Europe of the early 19 th ce... more The Greek Revolution of 1821 was one of the most important issues in Europe of the early 19 th century on a political and military level. The outbreak of the Greek Revolution was not supported by the Great Powers of the time, since as a liberation struggle it violated the terms of the Holy Alliance (1815), however it managed to prevail thanks to the support of the people of Europe as they regarded this an effort of a small nation to claim its freedom and oppose to slavery and authoritarianism. After all, we are in the time of Romanticism and this kind of struggle enjoyed the support of intellectuals, collectives, and different groups of citizens. Philhellenism was on the rise, and painters like Delacroix made a huge impact with works that made a strong impression on Europe. After the success of the Revolution, many foreign artists came to Greece, some on their own initiative as travelers and others carrying out their King's orders. Some of them were painters (both amateur and professional) that painted live portraits of the leading figures of the Revolution, leaving behind a remarkable oeuvre when seen from a historical, factual, and artistic point of view. And since at that point in Greece there could be no room for domestic artistic creation, the work of these artists is considered particularly important in terms of portraiture, history, facts, and artistic value. The most important out of the painters that were in Greece at that critical time are the Bavarians Karl Krazeisen and Peter von Hess, who painted portraits of Greek fighters and these portraits have since become the blueprints that other artists, painters, and sculptors based their work on resulting in the perpetuation of the historical memory. It is worth mentioning that in the 200 years of independence these works remain of enduring value when paying tribute and respect to the first martyrs of the Greek Struggle.

American Research Journal of Humanities and Social sciences, 2021

The cultural activity of the Municipality of Thessaloniki begins in the first postwar years and e... more The cultural activity of the Municipality of Thessaloniki begins in the first postwar years and especially in the 50's and later, in order to cover the inability of the Greek state to finance cultural activities outside the capital. This weakness is based on the fact that Greece came out devastated by the German occupation, but also by the civil war, which was the painful result of national division. On the other hand, it was considered a symptom of the Cold War. Consequently, the Municipality of Thessaloniki with its meager forces undertook the task of promoting and familiarizing its citizens with forms of contemporary culture and modern art, as the cultural heritage of the ancient Greek world was in the hands of of the central administration. Along the way, the Municipality of Thessaloniki and its departments take up the organization of art exhibitions, mainly of artists who came both from the city and from the Macedonian hinterland. The first concern of the Municipality was the creation of a gallery with works by contemporary artists and then it implemented a cultural activity, which was to become one of the most important cultural institutions in the country: Dimitria Festival, in the honor of the patron saint of Agios Dimitrios. During the Political Changeover, the Municipality of Thessaloniki increased its activities in the field of Culture as the economic situation of Greece significantly improved being a permanent member of the European Union since 1981. Thus, sponsorships were made by its citizens for the creation of new cultural infrastructure (Vafopouleio Cultural Center, History Center); the architectural wealth of the once prosperous Jewish community was used for cultural purposes, and also the Ottoman buildings, which are scattered throughout the city, were preserved.

World Journal of Education and Humanities, 2021

The villas of Thessaloniki, examples of eclecticism, are architectural "wonders" situated in east... more The villas of Thessaloniki, examples of eclecticism, are architectural "wonders" situated in eastern Thessaloniki, in the district of "Exoches" or "Pyrgoi", as it was called in the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Casa Bianca is well known to the people of Thessaloniki, not only for its unique architecture, which is impressive since it creates an aesthetically pleasing result, but also for the story of romance that unfolded inside it. Casa Bianca shifted between various owners and uses. Starting as a house that was given as a wedding present to the newlywed couple Diaz, it was later used as a school, while today it is occupied by the Municipal Gallery of Thessaloniki. The present study aims to approach Casa Bianca, from the point of museum pedagogy with references to the factual history and the history of Art. That can be accomplished by designing an educational program which aims to introduce the young and the elder to the building, to its architecture as well as the choice of its eclectic style by the architect Pietro Arrigoni, the importance of this style in Thessaloniki of that period, the multicultural characteristics and its connection to the composition of the population of that time, the story of romance that monopolized the press at the time, the choice of architect and the various uses of the building up to this day. The educational program designed for Casa Bianca is in sync with the requirements of our time and for this reason it was decided that it would be designed and implemented online (distance learning), i.e. via computer. The website, that was designed exclusively for the Casa Bianca educational program, with the use of various types of media such as text, image, video and

International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies (IJAHSS), 2020

It is well known that Greece has a long-standing tradition of cultural history and that its touri... more It is well known that Greece has a long-standing tradition of cultural history and that its tourism relies, to a large extent, on showcasing ancient art, as well as byzantine art, whose specimens can be found in a multitude of museums all over the country. Masterpieces from antiquity, famous architectural works that are part of the world’s cultural heritage, and works of art of considerable aesthetic value have been a magnet for expert scientists, art aficionados, and the wider public from all over the world who want to feel the “vibes” emitted from the works of art and feel, through their senses, the “aesthetic pleasure”, as the privilege and “talent” inherent to all human beings. The COVID-19 pandemic which emerged in most countries of the word in the past three months (from March to June 2020), together with the lockdown consequently imposed by most governments, has given rise to unprecedented situations not only in matters of health, the economy, and people’s interpersonal relationships, but also in terms of the reception of culture during such period. In Greece, for the first time, the most important and most popular museums in the country have implemented schemes allowing for virtual presentation of exhibits to such an extent that traffic on the relevant websites has skyrocketed as compared to the past. Online platforms, which in other cases had only been used for research purposes, have been sought in order to promote the “product”. All of a sudden, works of art were treated more like a consumer product, and this resulted in the citizens not feeling the charm of direct contact and personal emotion and functioning without any provocation of the senses. On the other hand, online visitors have been able to access cultural sites without any obligation whatsoever to reward the efforts of the many people involved and the cultural institutions themselves. The new situation has given rise to many questions, among which the most important relates to the concepts of “virtual” and “real” which are mostly under the current new state of affairs.

International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies (IJAHSS), 2020

Thessaloniki, the capital city of Greek Macedonia, is currently a large city, economically domina... more Thessaloniki, the capital city of Greek Macedonia, is currently a large city, economically dominant in Northern Greece, and the most important cultural centre in the Southern Balkans. A comparison to Athens reveals significant differences on the economic and cultural levels, in spite of the city being called “co-capital”, by analogy to the byzantine title of “Symvasileuousa” attributed to Thessaloniki with regard to Constantinople during the Byzantine period. Art in Thessaloniki presents certain characteristics which set it apart from the capital of the modern Greek state, and historians often refer to the “School of Thessaloniki”, a reference to the introvert nature of its art (literature and visual arts). The city’s proximity to Mount Athos and its rich cultural heritage has bestowed upon the artists in Thessaloniki a particular spirituality and a tendency towards abstractionism. On the other hand, Thessaloniki was liberated 90 years later than Athens and other parts of the country, and this deprived the city from an early connection to the West. Another restraining factor has been the military dictatorship imposed on the country in 1967 which lasted for seven years and has been a critical factor for the belated entrance of new modernist ideas in Greece. May of 1968 has been a social and cultural phenomenon but has had minimal influence on domestic art. Metamodernism has been a phenomenon which has been minimally present in the field of visual arts. Nevertheless, artists, such as Giorgos Lazongas, Yorgos Tsakiris, and Dimitris Xonoglou, professors of visual arts in various schools of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, are included among those who have demonstrated an admirable ability to adapt to the new reality.

Μακεδονικά

Μία από τις πιο σημαντικές στιγμές της νεότερης ιστορίας της Μακεδονίας είναι ο Μακεδονικός Αγώνα... more Μία από τις πιο σημαντικές στιγμές της νεότερης ιστορίας της Μακεδονίας είναι ο Μακεδονικός Αγώνας, που έλαβε χώρα σε περιοχές της κεντρικής και δυτικής Μακεδονίας ανάμεσα στα έτη 1904-1908 σε μια περίοδο οθωμανικής καταπίεσης των χριστιανικών πληθυσμών. Η προσπάθεια αφελληνισμού της περιοχής και η με κάθε τρόπο απόπειρα αλλοίωσης των εθνικών χαρακτηριστικών του πληθυσμού από ξένες δυνάμεις, που πρωτίστως επιβουλεύονταν την ελληνικότητα της Μακεδονίας, υποχρέωσε τις πατριωτικές δυνάμεις της ελεύθερης Ελλάδας να στηρίξουν την αντίσταση έναντι αυτών των σχεδίων. Έλληνες από την Μακεδονία μέχρι την Κρήτη έλαβαν μέρος στο εθνικό προσκλητήριο και στη γη της Μακεδονίας γράφτηκαν ηρωικές ιστορίες, που μαρτυρούν την αγάπη για την ελευθερία και τον μακεδονικό πολιτισμό. Στη διάρκεια των πολεμικών συγκρούσεων πολλοί έδωσαν τη ζωή τους με πρώτο απ’ όλους τον Παύλο Μελά. Η πατρίδα τίμησε την προσφορά τους με μνημεία, για να θυμίζουν στις νεότερες γενιές τη θυσία τους. Η Θεσσαλονίκη έγινε το επίκεντρο. Στις πλατείες και τα πάρκα της στήθηκαν ανδριάντες και προτομές Μακεδονομάχων, τη φιλοτέχνηση των οποίων ανέλαβαν δημόσιοι και ιδιωτικοί φορείς. Το ενδιαφέρον μας γι’ αυτά τα μνημεία τέχνης δεν είναι μόνο ιστορικό, αλλά και καλλιτεχνικό. Σπουδαίοι Έλληνες γλύπτες κλήθηκαν να δημιουργήσουν έργα, στα οποία αποτύπωσαν όχι μόνο την ατομικότητα των απεικονιζομένων προσώπων, αλλά και την ιστορική τους βαρύτητα ως εκπροσώπων μιας ηρωικής γενιάς που υπηρετούσε τις αξίες της αξιοπρέπειας και της ελευθερίας. Είναι μνημεία με βαρύνουσα σημασία στο χώρο της ιστορίας και του πολιτισμού.

3ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Ψηφιοποίησης Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, 2019

Η είσοδος των νέων τεχνολογιών στο χώρο των μουσείων οδήγησε στην αξιοποίησή τους, όχι μόνο στις ... more Η είσοδος των νέων τεχνολογιών στο χώρο των μουσείων οδήγησε στην αξιοποίησή τους, όχι μόνο στις εκπαιδευτικές πολυμεσικές εφαρμογές και τις στατικές ενημερωτικές ιστοσελίδες αλλά και στη δημιουργία εικονικών μουσείων σε δυναμικούς διαδικτυακούς ιστοτόπους. Η διαδικτυακή εικονική περιήγηση αποτελεί τη μετουσίωση της αντίληψης που θέλει το μουσείο, προσβάσιμο, προσιτό και ανοικτό σε όλους. Σε μία εικονική περιήγηση ο επισκέπτης έχει τη δυνατότητα, χωρίς χωροχρονικά όρια, να επισκεφθεί μουσειακές εκθέσεις, δίχως να απαιτείται η φυσική του παρουσία, αλλά και να διαδράσει, λαμβάνοντας κλιμακούμενη, σε εξειδίκευση, πληροφορία ανάλογα με τα ενδιαφέροντά του. Η εικονική διαδικτυακή περιήγηση επιτρέπει τη μη συνεχόμενη γραμμική επίσκεψη, καθώς ο επισκέπτης δημιουργεί ο ίδιος το προσωπικό του νοητικό δρομολόγιο στο εσωτερικό ενός υπερκειμένου, επιλέγοντας το δικό του τρόπο πλοήγησης. Παράλληλα η εικονική περιήγηση εισάγει τον επισκέπτη σε τρία διαφορετικά οντολογικά επίπεδα. Το πρώτο είναι η μίμηση, το δεύτερο η διασυνδετική διάταξη και το τρίτο η αληθινή οντότητα σε ένα δεύτερο επίπεδο εικόνας.
Οι επισκέπτες συνήθως χρειάζονται μια ευχάριστη και ουσιαστική εμπειρία προκειμένου να επικοινωνήσουν καλύτερα με τα εκθέματα. Η ικανότητά των πολυμέσων να συνδυάζουν εικόνες, ήχους, ταινίες, σχέδια, χάρτες, κείμενα και παιχνίδια προσφέρει σημαντικές δυνατότητες ερμηνείας, οι οποίες επιτρέπουν ποικίλα επίπεδα διάδρασης.

American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Volume-4 Issue-3, 2020

The Greek War of Independence, which upset the status quo in Europe in the early 19 th century, t... more The Greek War of Independence, which upset the status quo in Europe in the early 19 th century, triggered the interest of the European intelligentsia, because it brought to the forefront a country which had historically concerned European citizens since the time of the Renaissance. Classicism and romanticism, in particular, were two of the visual arts movements of that time that demonstrated particular interest in the history of a country that appeared to be on the verge of achieving its own national renaissance. It was not just ancient history and mythology that resonated with the artists' feelings; it was the uneven battle fought by the contemporary inhabitants of this small country against a powerful adversary, the Ottoman Turks. Correlating contemporary Greeks with ancients Greeks was inevitable. It was the language, the mores and customs, the historical places, and the ancient monuments gradually brought to light by archaeologists that made contemporary Europeans, in particular the literary and artistic intelligentsia, take part, in their own way, in the Greek War of Independence (mainly by providing financial and military support). The illustrative depictions that have been saved to this day have some distinctive features, regardless of whether they had been commissioned by Greek protagonists of the Revolution or originated from Western leaders: these include linking contemporary Greeks to ancient Greeks, showcasing the development of Greek civilisation through time, directly correlating the Christian Orthodox tradition and the Greek nation, exercising cultural "propaganda" in the form of contemporary cultural diplomacy, as well as the self-evident objective of integrating contemporary Greece into the West.

American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science Volume-03, Issue-01, 2020

The iconography of the Greek War of Independence is quite broad and it includes both real and ima... more The iconography of the Greek War of Independence is quite broad and it includes both real and imaginary themes. Artists who were inspired by this particular and extremely important historical event originated from a variety of countries, some were already well-known, such as Eugène Delacroix, others were executing official commissions from kings of Western countries, and most of them were driven by the spirit of romanticism. This paper shall not so much focus on matters of art criticism, but rather explore the manner in which facts have been represented in specific works of art, referring to political, religious and cultural issues, which are still relevant to this day. In particular, I shall comment on The Massacre at Chios by Eugène Delacroix, painted in 1824, the 39 Scenes from the Greek War of Independence by Peter von Hess, painted in 1835 and commissioned by King Ludwig I of Bavaria, and the frieze in the Trophy Room (currently Eleftherios Venizelos Hall) in Otto's palace in Athens, currently housing the Hellenic Parliament, themed around the Greek War of Independence and the subsequent events. This great work was designed by German sculptor Ludwig Michael Schantahaler in 1840 and "transferred" to the walls of the hall by a group of Greek and German artists. The following aspects shall be highlighted with regard to the aforementioned works: (a) the starting point of the war episodes "narrated" in these works is the clash of two worlds, diametrically opposite in religious, cultural, and moral terms, reduced to the conflict between good and evil, and they refer to the clash of civilisations, (b) the heroes of the Greek War of Independence are represented like saints of the Church as well as descendants of ancient Greek legendary figures, (c) the Greek-Orthodox Church is omnipresent, in particular in large figurative ensembles, inextricably linking its existence to the Greek Nation, and (d) certain illustrations show elements of exercising political and cultural diplomacy. Lastly, and as far as large ensembles are concerned, the leaders of the Greek War of Independence were aware of the iconographic programme-indeed, several of them were still alive at the time the works were created-and this shows how the historical facts relating to the Greek War of Independence were both received and perpetuated for generations to come.

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 3 | Issue 1, 2020

Censorship has been prevalent through time in various forms, at different historical periods all ... more Censorship has been prevalent through time in various forms, at different historical periods all over the world. It is negatively
perceived, and it is considered to undermine democracy and violate human rights. As a rule, it is a feature that characterises
conservative societies, totalitarian regimes, as well as individuals with ideological preconceptions. The areas mostly affected
by it include freedom of expression and free movement of ideas. Governments try to ward themselves against this phenomenon
in various manners, in particular by establishing laws that protect human goods and moral values, as those have been shaped
from the Age of Enlightenment onwards. However, in recent years, in the midst of the rapid dissemination of technology and the
swift development of social media, a tendency has emerged consisting in trying to influence the unsuspecting public opinion and
resulting in excluding from the public sphere opinions which are not pleasant to part of the media users, often serving “external”
interests. Therefore, the online medium, free par excellence and offering, in principle, the possibility to everyone to publicly and
courageously express their opinions, hinders and becomes an obstacle to the dissemination of “another” opinion, in spite of this
dissemination being the ultimate intellectual feature of contemporary societies. This type of censorship has now been included
in the long list of the many aspects of the phenomenon seen to this day.

International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 2019

Open-Air Sculpture Has Been A Relatively Recent Phenomenon In Thessaloniki. The First Public Monu... more Open-Air Sculpture Has Been A Relatively Recent Phenomenon In Thessaloniki. The First Public Monument Erected In The City Is Dated From 1915. It Is The Bust Of King George I, Assassinated In Thessaloniki Two Years Before. Since Then Most Monuments Have Had Historical Contents. They Refer, For The Most Part, To Persons Who Have Played A Particular Role In The City’s History. Thessaloniki Was Liberated 90 Years After Athens And Its History Is Directly Associated With National And International Events, Which, Because Of Its Location, Have Influenced The Ideology, The Aesthetics, As Well As The Reception By Its
Inhabitants Of All Forms Of Art. National Struggles Involving Its Northern Neighbours Have Been Constant, But They Intensified, On The Ideological Level, During The Cold War Period, When All Neighbouring Countries Had Fallen Within The Sphere Of Influence Of The Then Soviet Union. The City’s Streets And Squares Are Adorned With Sculptures (Statues And Busts), Referring To Historical Persons, Who, For Its Inhabitants, Have Marked Its Trajectory Through Time. Therefore, Statues Like Those Of Alexander The Great, King Philip II Of Macedon, And Aristotle Dominate The City As Reminders Of A Glorious Past. Ideological Reflexes Are Oriented Towards A Type Of Nationalistic Art Which Is Neither Susceptible To Aesthetic Exaggeration Nor Willing To Compromise With Avant-Garde Endeavours. Any Attempts To Deviate From These Principles Have Been Met With Strong Reactions. The Language Of Realism, Including All Its Shades And Idealistic Trends, Was The Only One That Could Be Tolerated.

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 6, Issue 7, 2019, 2019

Censorship is a word-wide and perennial phenomenon with a variety of (social, political, cultural... more Censorship is a word-wide and perennial phenomenon with a variety of (social, political, cultural) ramifications and many aspects relating, for the most part, to nation, religion, race, and gender, its occurrence undermining democracy itself, human rights, and the freedom of citizens. Political censorship is an aspect that has become increasingly widespread all over the world. In Greece, in particular, it has a significant and long-lasting background, including in modern times, and it is considered the fruit of problematical political situations and the causal result of the civil war, in the late 1940s, and the divisive climate that has since prevailed in Greek society. Political censorship has been mostly evident towards open-air sculptures in big cities, due to the resounding message they deliver and to their communication function, being works of art placed in public spaces. Actions against works of this type have included destruction and all kinds of vandalism. Such actions generally target monuments which refer to specific historical events or situations of particular historical significance, statues and busts representing persons who left their mark in history and are linked, one way or another, to specific actions that have had direct consequences for the country. Numerous examples may be cited from recent years and they involve works of art or monuments linked to the Holocaust of Jews in Thessaloniki or emblematic historical personalities, such as Harry Truman, President of the United States of America, and Alexander the Great, the famous Macedonian army general.

Βάνιας , 2019

Macedonian Studies Journal, Special Edition, 2023

World Journal of Education and Humanities, 2022

Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, 2021

Advances in Social Science and Culture

American Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021

International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies, 2021

Advances in Social Science and Culture, 2021

American Research Journal of Humanities and Social sciences, 2021

World Journal of Education and Humanities, 2021

International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies (IJAHSS), 2020

Μακεδονικά

3ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Ψηφιοποίησης Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, 2019

American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research Volume-4 Issue-3, 2020

American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science Volume-03, Issue-01, 2020

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 3 | Issue 1, 2020

International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 2019

International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 6, Issue 7, 2019, 2019

International Journal of Education and Social Science; Vol. 6 No. 6; June 2019, 2019

Many instances of censorship in art have been recorded in contemporary Greece which may be attrib... more Many instances of censorship in art have been recorded in contemporary Greece which may be attributed to various reasons: the arbitrary behaviour of institutional bodies, such as the police, the fanaticism of individuals, acting either separately or collectively, and, lastly, the misinterpretation of provisions of the Constitution and the laws. In Greece, a democratic country at the core of the European Union, freedom of expression is safeguarded in every possible way. Nevertheless, censorship, a phenomenon with legal, moral, and societal aspects, is also present, and it is difficult to describe the contradictions emanating from either the State and its institutions or collective bodies, acting in a manner that undermines the freedom of creators to express themselves on the basis of inspiration and talent. It is also difficult to reason with people moving in unclear political, cultural, national, and religious circles; more generally, it is difficult to understand the reasons for their reaction which provokes the collective sentiment. Setting aside many categories of reactions involving censoring behaviour, this paper focuses on instances in which organised groups of citizens have intervened, in a forceful and repressive manner, disregarding the law, in order to impose their own will as the correct one. This is brutal and, by definition, unlawful conduct by persons acting in the name of religion or nation, and it falls under the provisions of criminal law. The aim of these persons is to prevail on the public at large and to create another form of law. The Greek experience shows that the results are troubling, although particularly interesting from a historical point of view.

Η πολυπολιτισμικότητα της Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από την αρχιτεκτονική των μνημείων της, 2020

Ψηφιακή Ημερίδα Η πολυπολιτισμικότητα της Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από την αρχιτεκτονική των μνημείων τη... more Ψηφιακή Ημερίδα
Η πολυπολιτισμικότητα της Θεσσαλονίκης μέσα από την αρχιτεκτονική των μνημείων της
Εισηγητές:
Μιλτιάδης Παπανικολάου, Ομ. Καθηγητής Ισ το ρίας της Τέχνης, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Παλιά Μνημεία Αρχιτεκτονικής. Σύγχρονοι χώροι Πολιτισμού. Μελέτη Περίπτωσης: Λιμάνι Θεσσαλονίκης
Ευάγγελος Χεκίμογλου, Δρ. Οικον ομικής Ιστορίας, Έφορος του Εβραϊκού Μουσείου Θεσσαλονίκης, Αόρατα μνημεία ιστορικής παρουσίας: Οι ιστορικές συναγωγές της Θεσσαλονίκης, 1500 1920
Ευτυχία Μουράτη, Αρχαιολόγος Μουσειολόγος, Περιήγηση στα Οθωμανικά Μνημεία της Πόλης
Μαρκέλλα Ελπίδα Τσίχλα , Ιστορικός Τέχνης Μουσειολόγος Υποψ. Διδάκτωρ Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών, "Θεσσαλονίκη, Μητρόπολη της Μνήμης και της Ψυχής"
Μαρία Τερψίδου, Ιστορικός Τέχνης, Μέγαρο Μουσικής Θεσσαλονίκης: Ένας αρχιτεκτονικός διάλογος μεταξύ μοντέρνου και παραδοσιακού
Οργάνωση-Συντονισμός: Μαρκέλλα-Ελπίδα Τσίχλα

Platformes Project NET, 2020

The rapid development of technology and the digital world in recent decades has greatly affected ... more The rapid development of technology and the digital world in recent decades has greatly affected many aspects of human public life and has been linked to progress and development. One of the areas which was directly influenced was the visual arts and visual culture in general, which over time "resisted" the invasion of technological media in the name of the uniqueness of the work of art, its aesthetic quality and personal inspiration.

However, as a matter of fact, some discoveries in science and technology became attractive to artists to the extent that they improved their artistic creation, and facilitated its dissemination (like engraving, photography, video, etc.), although the "glamor" of the work of art, according to Walter Benjamin, "was the artist's unique vision" in the processing of objects. Scientific achievements have been used by artists since the late 19th century, such as for example, the discoveries, of the special and unique properties of color and light, which influenced entire movements (eg Impressionism and modernist trends). But even the deep philosophical dimension that was given in the concepts of space and time -in combination with the achievements of physics -, which was expressed mainly by cubism and other artistic movements of the 20th century. The harmony of artistic creation with scientific achievements is also revealed after the war by the later mechanical constructions of all kinds, which were autonomic parts of the artistic repertoire of artists of dadaism and successive forms and undoubtedly constitute the strong influence of technology on art.

7η Γιορτή Πολυγλωσσίας, 2019

Στην Ελλάδα η λογοκρισία ως σύστημα εποπτείας και ελέγχου έκφρασης στη δημόσια σφαίρα, αποτέλεσε ... more Στην Ελλάδα η λογοκρισία ως σύστημα εποπτείας και ελέγχου έκφρασης στη δημόσια σφαίρα, αποτέλεσε ισχυρό μέσο διατήρησης της εξουσίας και της προάσπισης του ιδεολογικού, πολιτικού και κοινωνικού αξιακού συστήματος της κρατικής, εκκλησιαστικής, πολιτικής ή άλλης εξουσίας. Η λογοκρισία συνεπώς, δεν ήταν άγνωστη στην Ελλάδα, από τη γέννηση του νέου ελληνικού κράτους και φτάνοντας στο αποκορύφωμά της την περίοδο της μεταξικής δικτατορίας, του εμφυλίου πολέμου και τέλος της δικτατορίας των συνταγματαρχών.

7η Γιορτή Πολυγλωσσίας, 2019

Η Θεσσαλονίκη είναι μία πόλη με πλούσια καλλιτεχνική παραγωγή, η οποία σημειώνεται από την Απελευ... more Η Θεσσαλονίκη είναι μία πόλη με πλούσια καλλιτεχνική παραγωγή, η οποία σημειώνεται από την Απελευθέρωσή της έως και σήμερα. Στη διαμόρφωση του ιδιαίτερου ύφους της τέχνης της Θεσσαλονίκης συνετέλεσαν αρκετοί παράγοντες, όπως οι ιδιαίτερες κοινωνικοπολιτικές συνθήκες, ο διαπολιτισμικός χαρακτήρας της πόλης, η επικοινωνία της με τα Βαλκάνια λόγω της γεωπολιτικής της θέσης, η ανάπτυξη της πόλης ως μεγάλο αστικό κέντρο και η επιρροή του εικαστικού ύφους του Αγίου Όρους.
Μετά τον πόλεμο στη Θεσσαλονίκη γεννήθηκαν πολιτιστικοί θεσμοί που ενίσχυσαν το πνευματικό επίπεδο της πόλης και βοήθησαν στην ανάπτυξη και την προβολή των εικαστικών τεχνών.