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Papers by Jacqueline Fear-Segal

Art, Observation, and an Anthropology of Illustration

Before-and-After Photography, 2020

Carlisle Indian Industrial School

A unique and astonishing chara cteristic of Shan Goshorn's work is the use of photographs that sh... more A unique and astonishing chara cteristic of Shan Goshorn's work is the use of photographs that she weaves into traditional Cherokee baskets. When I asked her if anyone else has done this before, she said, "I've never seen any work like that." 1 What first drew Goshorn to my attention was seeing the panoramic photograph of the Carlisle Indian School student body (1912), woven around the deep rim of the lid of Educational Genocide; The Legacy of the Carlisle Indian Boarding School (fig. 1), just shortly after this basket won the 2011 Red Earth Festival's Grand Award for Best in Show. 2 I was in the process of researching the Carlisle Indian School's extensive photographic archive and exploring how Native artists are reclaiming and reframing some of these disturbing, colonial images. 3 I was flabbergasted to discover that in Educational Genocide Goshorn had fused this nineteenth-century technology-photography-with the centuries-old tradition of Cherokee double-weave basket design. Educational Genocide measures almost two feet in length, and when looking at the image around the lid one can clearly make out the features of individual faces, the insignia and buttons of dark uniforms, and neat collars topping white blouses. The Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe was at the school in 1912, as was Goshorn's grandmother. Goshorn came across the photograph hanging in her cousin's restaurant in Cherokee, North Carolina. At this point, she had not yet woven any photographs, but she thought to herself, "That would wrap around a basket very nicely." She borrowed the photograph and took it to Kinkos to make a scan, which she then used for her basket (fig. 2). Goshorn had only very recently started weaving seriously and had completed just one single-weave and one double-weave basket; Educational Genocide was only her third basket. When she told her Mom, "I've got this idea.. .. I think I'm going to try to weave a photograph into a basket," her Mom just said, "Hah!" Goshorn explains that a double-weave basket is one basket sitting inside another, joined around the rim (fig. 3). Construction starts on the interior bottom, and weaving continues up the sides to the desired height and then back down the sides to be finished on the bottom. When I asked her if the double-weave design has any particular function in telling this history, she reflected and replied, "I like the fact that this is a Cherokee basket. I also like the sturdiness; it has more presence, more weight, more sense of self." The exterior of Educational Genocide is woven from beige paper splints printed with the words of the infamous "Kill the Indian, and save the man" speech made by Carlisle's founder and first superintendent, Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt (fig. 4). 4 Goshorn has sliced up the text to create the splints.

The foci of this chapter are the many troubling issues associated with indigenous student deaths ... more The foci of this chapter are the many troubling issues associated with indigenous student deaths at US and Canadian boarding/residential schools. These institutions were organized to strip students of their cultural traditions and loyalties, in preparation for assimilation into mainstream society. The cemetery of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School is used here as both case study and synecdoche, to address the larger geo-political and historical questions connected with this educational program of cultural genocide. By interweaving an investigation of physical changes to the cemetery with scrutiny of archival documents, the analysis reveals that behind the neat lines of cemetery stones stands a powerful but covert narrative of Native exclusion, segregation, and dispossession. The chapter argues that ongoing scrutiny of both the past and current physical site of the cemetery can supply information that is able (in part) to mitigate the silences, gaps, and pervasive deficiencies of ...

This interdisciplinary collection of essays, by both Natives and non-Natives, explores presentati... more This interdisciplinary collection of essays, by both Natives and non-Natives, explores presentations and representations of indigenous bodies in historical and contemporary contexts. Recent decades have seen a wealth of scholarship on the body in a wide range of disciplines. Indigenous Bodies extends this scholarship in exciting new ways, bringing together the disciplinary expertise of Native studies scholars from around the world. The book is particularly concerned with the Native body as a site of persistent fascination, colonial oppression, and indigenous agency, along with the endurance of these legacies within Native communities. At the core of this collection lies a dual commitment to exposing numerous and diverse disempowerments of indigenous peoples, and to recognizing the many ways in which these same people retained and/or reclaimed agency. Issues of reviewing, relocating, and reclaiming bodies are examined in the chapters, which are paired to bring to light juxtapositions and connections and further the transnational development of indigenous studies.

Museum Anthropology, 2010

The remains of 186 Native American children from nearly 50 nations are buried in the Carlisle Ind... more The remains of 186 Native American children from nearly 50 nations are buried in the Carlisle Indian School cemetery, which today stands just inside the main entrance of the U.S. Army War College, in Carlisle, PA. Taken in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from homes across the United States, these childrenFtrained for American citizenship and to reject their traditional culturesFdied and were buried far from home. The children remain historically and spiritually connected to native peoples across the United States, but the Carlisle Indian burial ground does not fall under NAGPRA. In this article, the complex history of this cemeteryFits creation, segregation, removal, contraction, transformation, and preservationFintroduces an account of its repossession by the students' descendants at ''Powwow 2000: Remembering the Carlisle Indian School.'' Parallels between the treatment of Indian dead in the Carlisle cemetery and the treatment of Indian ancestral remains are drawn; yet, although a study of loss and recovery, this is not a story of repatriation. Rather, it is an analysis of the history of a unique Indian burial site and its reclamation as a place for ceremony, healing, and recovery.

Journal of American Studies, 1999

From long experience and wide observation I have come to have little patience with the science of... more From long experience and wide observation I have come to have little patience with the science of ethnology that consigns a man, or race of men, to generations of slow development.

Journal of American Studies, 2000

Ethnohistory, 2008

... White man's club : schools, race, and the struggle of Indian accultu... more ... White man's club : schools, race, and the struggle of Indian acculturation / Jacqueline Fear-Segal. p. cm. ... Map of buildings of Carlisle Indian School at closure 189 11. Garrison Lane entrance to Carlisle Indian School, 1885 191 12. ...

Blue pencils & hidden hands: women editing …, 2004

Eyes in the Text: Marianna Burgess and The Indian Helper JACQUELINE FEAR-SEGAL Introduction IN 18... more Eyes in the Text: Marianna Burgess and The Indian Helper JACQUELINE FEAR-SEGAL Introduction IN 1879, Captain Richard Henry Pratt was indefinitely relieved of active duty in the United States Army to organize a living experiment. In the lush valley of the Susquehanna River in ...

Art, Observation, and an Anthropology of Illustration

Before-and-After Photography, 2020

Carlisle Indian Industrial School

A unique and astonishing chara cteristic of Shan Goshorn's work is the use of photographs that sh... more A unique and astonishing chara cteristic of Shan Goshorn's work is the use of photographs that she weaves into traditional Cherokee baskets. When I asked her if anyone else has done this before, she said, "I've never seen any work like that." 1 What first drew Goshorn to my attention was seeing the panoramic photograph of the Carlisle Indian School student body (1912), woven around the deep rim of the lid of Educational Genocide; The Legacy of the Carlisle Indian Boarding School (fig. 1), just shortly after this basket won the 2011 Red Earth Festival's Grand Award for Best in Show. 2 I was in the process of researching the Carlisle Indian School's extensive photographic archive and exploring how Native artists are reclaiming and reframing some of these disturbing, colonial images. 3 I was flabbergasted to discover that in Educational Genocide Goshorn had fused this nineteenth-century technology-photography-with the centuries-old tradition of Cherokee double-weave basket design. Educational Genocide measures almost two feet in length, and when looking at the image around the lid one can clearly make out the features of individual faces, the insignia and buttons of dark uniforms, and neat collars topping white blouses. The Olympic athlete Jim Thorpe was at the school in 1912, as was Goshorn's grandmother. Goshorn came across the photograph hanging in her cousin's restaurant in Cherokee, North Carolina. At this point, she had not yet woven any photographs, but she thought to herself, "That would wrap around a basket very nicely." She borrowed the photograph and took it to Kinkos to make a scan, which she then used for her basket (fig. 2). Goshorn had only very recently started weaving seriously and had completed just one single-weave and one double-weave basket; Educational Genocide was only her third basket. When she told her Mom, "I've got this idea.. .. I think I'm going to try to weave a photograph into a basket," her Mom just said, "Hah!" Goshorn explains that a double-weave basket is one basket sitting inside another, joined around the rim (fig. 3). Construction starts on the interior bottom, and weaving continues up the sides to the desired height and then back down the sides to be finished on the bottom. When I asked her if the double-weave design has any particular function in telling this history, she reflected and replied, "I like the fact that this is a Cherokee basket. I also like the sturdiness; it has more presence, more weight, more sense of self." The exterior of Educational Genocide is woven from beige paper splints printed with the words of the infamous "Kill the Indian, and save the man" speech made by Carlisle's founder and first superintendent, Lieutenant Richard Henry Pratt (fig. 4). 4 Goshorn has sliced up the text to create the splints.

The foci of this chapter are the many troubling issues associated with indigenous student deaths ... more The foci of this chapter are the many troubling issues associated with indigenous student deaths at US and Canadian boarding/residential schools. These institutions were organized to strip students of their cultural traditions and loyalties, in preparation for assimilation into mainstream society. The cemetery of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School is used here as both case study and synecdoche, to address the larger geo-political and historical questions connected with this educational program of cultural genocide. By interweaving an investigation of physical changes to the cemetery with scrutiny of archival documents, the analysis reveals that behind the neat lines of cemetery stones stands a powerful but covert narrative of Native exclusion, segregation, and dispossession. The chapter argues that ongoing scrutiny of both the past and current physical site of the cemetery can supply information that is able (in part) to mitigate the silences, gaps, and pervasive deficiencies of ...

This interdisciplinary collection of essays, by both Natives and non-Natives, explores presentati... more This interdisciplinary collection of essays, by both Natives and non-Natives, explores presentations and representations of indigenous bodies in historical and contemporary contexts. Recent decades have seen a wealth of scholarship on the body in a wide range of disciplines. Indigenous Bodies extends this scholarship in exciting new ways, bringing together the disciplinary expertise of Native studies scholars from around the world. The book is particularly concerned with the Native body as a site of persistent fascination, colonial oppression, and indigenous agency, along with the endurance of these legacies within Native communities. At the core of this collection lies a dual commitment to exposing numerous and diverse disempowerments of indigenous peoples, and to recognizing the many ways in which these same people retained and/or reclaimed agency. Issues of reviewing, relocating, and reclaiming bodies are examined in the chapters, which are paired to bring to light juxtapositions and connections and further the transnational development of indigenous studies.

Museum Anthropology, 2010

The remains of 186 Native American children from nearly 50 nations are buried in the Carlisle Ind... more The remains of 186 Native American children from nearly 50 nations are buried in the Carlisle Indian School cemetery, which today stands just inside the main entrance of the U.S. Army War College, in Carlisle, PA. Taken in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from homes across the United States, these childrenFtrained for American citizenship and to reject their traditional culturesFdied and were buried far from home. The children remain historically and spiritually connected to native peoples across the United States, but the Carlisle Indian burial ground does not fall under NAGPRA. In this article, the complex history of this cemeteryFits creation, segregation, removal, contraction, transformation, and preservationFintroduces an account of its repossession by the students' descendants at ''Powwow 2000: Remembering the Carlisle Indian School.'' Parallels between the treatment of Indian dead in the Carlisle cemetery and the treatment of Indian ancestral remains are drawn; yet, although a study of loss and recovery, this is not a story of repatriation. Rather, it is an analysis of the history of a unique Indian burial site and its reclamation as a place for ceremony, healing, and recovery.

Journal of American Studies, 1999

From long experience and wide observation I have come to have little patience with the science of... more From long experience and wide observation I have come to have little patience with the science of ethnology that consigns a man, or race of men, to generations of slow development.

Journal of American Studies, 2000

Ethnohistory, 2008

... White man's club : schools, race, and the struggle of Indian accultu... more ... White man's club : schools, race, and the struggle of Indian acculturation / Jacqueline Fear-Segal. p. cm. ... Map of buildings of Carlisle Indian School at closure 189 11. Garrison Lane entrance to Carlisle Indian School, 1885 191 12. ...

Blue pencils & hidden hands: women editing …, 2004

Eyes in the Text: Marianna Burgess and The Indian Helper JACQUELINE FEAR-SEGAL Introduction IN 18... more Eyes in the Text: Marianna Burgess and The Indian Helper JACQUELINE FEAR-SEGAL Introduction IN 1879, Captain Richard Henry Pratt was indefinitely relieved of active duty in the United States Army to organize a living experiment. In the lush valley of the Susquehanna River in ...