Basil Y . Mustafa | Erbil Polytechnic University (original) (raw)

Papers by Basil Y . Mustafa

مجلة جامعة دهوك, Jul 20, 2017

This research presents a method for computing daily, monthly and annual runoff volume (annual inf... more This research presents a method for computing daily, monthly and annual runoff volume (annual inflow) for Gamesman dam catchment area on Bastora stream in Erbil Governorate. The procedure is developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) which depends on physical parameters of the catchment area and daily rainfall depth data in Shaqlawa Meteorological station within the catchment area. The advantage of this method is being straightforward to apply, and the physical parameters are easily determined. The runoff depth and volume was computed upon collecting and determining physical parameters (such as drainage area, land uses, soil type and soil infiltration rate) for the catchment area. The results were compared with estimated depth and volume of runoff suggested by (Sogreah) empirical equation used in the design planning report for Gomspan dam prepared by the Project’s Consultancy team. The results of the comparison revealed the fact that the depth and volume of runoff was over estimated in the planning report.

مجلة جامعة دهوك, Jul 20, 2017

Eurasian journal of science and engineering, 2018

PolyTechnic, Oct 30, 2019

Eurasian Journal of Science & Engineering, 2018

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2018

International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2020

In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high... more In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high agricultural potential. The main objectives are to determine the crop water required (C.W.R.) for Bakrajo area, and to characterize the selected area in Sulaimniya city with particular references to climate, geology, vegetation, soil, and crop rotation with its intensity. Full climatological data and weather variables are not available continuously, in this research, two methods that require minimum climatological data have been used, i.e. Hargreaves and Blaney-Criddle methods, in order to calculate the crop water requirements. The obtained result can be used in the design of the hydraulic structures waterway (Regulator, fall, and intake structure) and in defining the irrigation conveyance canal parameters. The procedure of calculation depends on the minimum climatological data especially minimum and maximum daily air temperature in order to obtain the average reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The results show a good accuracy when the mean average value of the two methods is compared with the other basic methods such as Penman equation.

The Journal of The University of Duhok, 2017

Eurasian Journal of Science and Engineering, 2018

Polytechnic Journal

The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time ser... more The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time series data from 1963–1964 to 2018–2019 for Erbil city rainfall gauging station. The trend analysis was conducted for only rainy months (from October to May) using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, whereas a non-parametric Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. A functional relationship has been developed between variables using linear regression analysis to determine a linear trend of rainfall for the study area. The annual trend analysis revealed negative (decreasing) trend because the Kendall’s tau (Z) value and the Sen’s slope estimator magnitude were both negative and found to be −0.093 and −1.37, respectively, and the slope of the linear regression analysis was also negative and equal to −0.9148 mm/year, which represents the rate of yearly annual rainfall decreasing trend. Considering the result of monthly rainfall, the trend analysis of rainfall h...

LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-620-0-25354-5, 2019

Crop Water Requirement for Bakrajo Area in Sulaimaniya Governorate, Mar 31, 2020

In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high... more In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high agricultural potential. The main objectives are to determine the crop water required (C.W.R.) for Bakrajo area, and to characterize the selected area in Sulaimniya city with particular references to climate, geology, vegetation, soil, and crop rotation with its intensity. Full climatological data and weather variables are not available continuously, in this research, two methods that require minimum climatological data have been used, i.e. Hargreaves and Blaney-Criddle methods, in order to calculate the crop water requirements. The obtained result can be used in the design of the hydraulic structures waterway (Regulator, fall, and intake structure) and in defining the irrigation conveyance canal parameters. The procedure of calculation depends on the minimum climatological data especially minimum and maximum daily air temperature in order to obtain the average reference evapotranspiration (ET o). The results show a good accuracy when the mean average value of the two methods is compared with the other basic methods such as Penman equation.

Polytechnic Journal , Oct 30, 2019

The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time ser... more The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time series data from 1963–1964 to 2018–2019 for Erbil city rainfall gauging station. The trend analysis was conducted for only rainy months (from October to May) using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, whereas a non-parametric Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. A functional relationship has been developed between variables using linear regression analysis to determine a linear trend of rainfall for the study area. The annual trend analysis revealed negative (decreasing) trend because the Kendall’s tau (Z) value and the Sen’s slope estimator magnitude were both negative and found to be −0.093 and −1.37, respectively, and the slope of the linear regression analysis was also negative and equal to −0.9148 mm/year, which represents the rate of yearly annual rainfall decreasing trend. Considering the result of monthly rainfall, the trend analysis of rainfall has suggested that there is a trend variation of rainfall in the rainy months. Further, the analysis revealed a negative (decreasing) trend for months November, January, February, March, April, and May and positive (increasing) trend for months October and December. This study is important as it greatly contributes in water resources system planning and management in this region. Furthermore, the results obtained in this work are promising and might help hydraulic civil and water resource engineers in the design of hydraulic structures.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2007

This research presents a method for computing flood discharge (QPT) for different return periods ... more This research presents a method for computing flood discharge (QPT) for different return periods (T) using unit hydrograph (UH) techniques and data of 24hr maximum rainfall depth for two un gauged watersheds (Hujran, and Qapachian) in Erbil Governorate which can be used for the design of hydraulic structures (drainage ways, culverts, weirs and small dams). The procedure is similar to that developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) which depends on physical parameters of the watershed and 24hr maximum rainfall depth. This method · should be limited to watersheds with a drainage area of approximately 50 km2 or less. The flood discharges were computed after collecting and determining physical parameters (drainage area, land uses, time of concentration, soil type and soil infiltration rate) for each watershed and calculating of 24hr maximum rainfall depth from adjacent rainfall gauging stations to each watershed by U.S. weather Bureau equation. A semi log equation was developed between (QPT) and (T) for each watershed. The results showed good accuracy when compared with other methods of computing flood discharge.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2005

The effect of sediment transport on friction factor in pipes was studied in this paper. Dimension... more The effect of sediment transport on friction factor in pipes was studied in this paper. Dimensional analysis was used to find the most effecting variables on the flow friction factor in the pipes with sediment transport using a special statistic computer software (SPSS). A statistical dimensionless model was proposed for each variable affecting the friction factor. The equations showed good accuracy for the available data, i.e. the determination coefficients R2 were varied from 0.992 to 0.998 for all models, and all variables were tasted for significance by F-test, i.e. the computed F-ratio for the variable was compared
with tabulated critical F-ratio.
Finally, four available equations were used to calculate the resistance to flow (Howard, Duarnd - Condolios, Newitt et al and Kriegel et al), and the results were compared with measured experimental values. The comparison showed disagreement between the measured and computed resistance to flow.

First Scientific Research Conference of Brayati Center in Cooperation with Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq, May, 2001 , 2001

As the water is the life force, essential for every living creature on the earth, saving and prot... more As the water is the life force, essential for every living creature on the earth, saving and protecting it are the basic necessities. This paper study the characteristics of sewage of Erbil city, and also study methods of treatment by stabilization ponds and aerated ponds and comparing between them for reusing
it for irrigation of total gross area about 2000 donum within the boundary of Erbil city and also to reduce pollution hazards.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 1998

The evaluation of Arbi l city ground water quality was conducted. The city was divided into four ... more The evaluation of Arbi l city ground water quality was conducted. The city was divided into four main zones; fifty wells were selected in these zones for this purpose. The date of physio-chemical and biological tests was collected such as turbidity. total hard ness. electrical conductivity. concentration of some ions and cautions. and most probable number (MPN) . . . etc. The results were compared with the criteria and the standards issued by international regulations interested in this field, and reveal that surveyed ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic purpose. Empirical equations were obtained to show the relation between total dissolved sol ids and electrical conductivity for all zones.

Eurasian Journal of Science & Engineering, 2018

Abstract: This research presents hydrological study and analysis for two proposed farm dams (Chal... more Abstract: This research presents hydrological study and analysis for two proposed farm dams (Chaluk
and Zurgazraw) located in Erbil Governorate - Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Many site visits were made to
the Chaluk and Zurgazraw areas to select the most suitable site for the farm dams. The area and
properties of the catchment area for both farm dams were measured by arc GIS software and were
equal to 1.99, and 3.97 km2 for Chaluk and Zurgazraw farm dams, respectively. The topographic study
and surveying of the selected sites aimed to construct the contour maps of the sites, determine the
capacity of the reservoir for different heights of the farm dam embankment, and locate the centerline of
the dam and spillway. In the hydrological analysis, as the proposed farm dam’s streams are ungauged
streams with no runoff data records, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method was used to find
the annual runoff yield. This method depends on physical parameters of the catchment area and daily
rainfall depth data taken from Erbil Meteorological station; the calculated minimum, maximum, and
average runoff yield were equal to 16556, 233407, and 103957 m3
for Chaluk, and 33030, 456641, and,
207393 m3, Zurgazraw farm dam. The Australian (ARR) organization method was used to determine the
50 year return period peak discharge for the farm dams catchment area, which were equal to 14.71, and
24.07 m3/sec for Chaluk, and Zurgazraw farm dams, respectively. Based on the calculated average
annual inflow and calculated annual sediment inflow into farm dams by Universal Soil Loss Equation,
the dead, and live storages elevations, and volumes were fixed to be equal to 411, and 418 m.a.s.l. (meters
above sea level) and 7741, and 103425 m3 for Chaluk, and 404, and 412 m.a.s.l 20863, and 293822m3 for
Zurgazraw farm dam.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2018

This study is a numerical investigation in which a meshfree computational method known as the Smo... more This study is a numerical investigation in which a meshfree computational method known as the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is applied to examine its efficiency and accuracy in predicting the flow field variables of free surface flow passing a sluice gate. For this purpose, the numerical 2D SPHysics model, as an implementation of the computational SPH method, is adopted. The numerical code is validated against the theoretical and experimental results of previous works. The validation is performed taking into consideration the conjugate flow depths and velocities for different total upstream heads passing under a fixed gate opening height. The quantitative agreement between the results computed by the numerical 2D SPHysics code and the theoretical and experimental results is fairly good confirming that the numerical code is robust in predicting the flow properties in sluice gates. Then, the validated code is used to find the energy dissipation rate for various total upstream heads and Froude numbers. The results obtained in this study are promising, indicating that the numerical model can be considered as an efficient alternative tool for hydraulic engineers to predict and understand the flow behavior in hydraulic structures.

مجلة جامعة دهوك, Jul 20, 2017

This research presents a method for computing daily, monthly and annual runoff volume (annual inf... more This research presents a method for computing daily, monthly and annual runoff volume (annual inflow) for Gamesman dam catchment area on Bastora stream in Erbil Governorate. The procedure is developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) which depends on physical parameters of the catchment area and daily rainfall depth data in Shaqlawa Meteorological station within the catchment area. The advantage of this method is being straightforward to apply, and the physical parameters are easily determined. The runoff depth and volume was computed upon collecting and determining physical parameters (such as drainage area, land uses, soil type and soil infiltration rate) for the catchment area. The results were compared with estimated depth and volume of runoff suggested by (Sogreah) empirical equation used in the design planning report for Gomspan dam prepared by the Project’s Consultancy team. The results of the comparison revealed the fact that the depth and volume of runoff was over estimated in the planning report.

مجلة جامعة دهوك, Jul 20, 2017

Eurasian journal of science and engineering, 2018

PolyTechnic, Oct 30, 2019

Eurasian Journal of Science & Engineering, 2018

ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2018

International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 2020

In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high... more In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high agricultural potential. The main objectives are to determine the crop water required (C.W.R.) for Bakrajo area, and to characterize the selected area in Sulaimniya city with particular references to climate, geology, vegetation, soil, and crop rotation with its intensity. Full climatological data and weather variables are not available continuously, in this research, two methods that require minimum climatological data have been used, i.e. Hargreaves and Blaney-Criddle methods, in order to calculate the crop water requirements. The obtained result can be used in the design of the hydraulic structures waterway (Regulator, fall, and intake structure) and in defining the irrigation conveyance canal parameters. The procedure of calculation depends on the minimum climatological data especially minimum and maximum daily air temperature in order to obtain the average reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The results show a good accuracy when the mean average value of the two methods is compared with the other basic methods such as Penman equation.

The Journal of The University of Duhok, 2017

Eurasian Journal of Science and Engineering, 2018

Polytechnic Journal

The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time ser... more The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time series data from 1963–1964 to 2018–2019 for Erbil city rainfall gauging station. The trend analysis was conducted for only rainy months (from October to May) using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, whereas a non-parametric Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. A functional relationship has been developed between variables using linear regression analysis to determine a linear trend of rainfall for the study area. The annual trend analysis revealed negative (decreasing) trend because the Kendall’s tau (Z) value and the Sen’s slope estimator magnitude were both negative and found to be −0.093 and −1.37, respectively, and the slope of the linear regression analysis was also negative and equal to −0.9148 mm/year, which represents the rate of yearly annual rainfall decreasing trend. Considering the result of monthly rainfall, the trend analysis of rainfall h...

LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-620-0-25354-5, 2019

Crop Water Requirement for Bakrajo Area in Sulaimaniya Governorate, Mar 31, 2020

In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high... more In this research, Bakrajo land area in Sulaimniya governorate has been chosen because of its high agricultural potential. The main objectives are to determine the crop water required (C.W.R.) for Bakrajo area, and to characterize the selected area in Sulaimniya city with particular references to climate, geology, vegetation, soil, and crop rotation with its intensity. Full climatological data and weather variables are not available continuously, in this research, two methods that require minimum climatological data have been used, i.e. Hargreaves and Blaney-Criddle methods, in order to calculate the crop water requirements. The obtained result can be used in the design of the hydraulic structures waterway (Regulator, fall, and intake structure) and in defining the irrigation conveyance canal parameters. The procedure of calculation depends on the minimum climatological data especially minimum and maximum daily air temperature in order to obtain the average reference evapotranspiration (ET o). The results show a good accuracy when the mean average value of the two methods is compared with the other basic methods such as Penman equation.

Polytechnic Journal , Oct 30, 2019

The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time ser... more The objective of this study is to identify the trend for the annual and monthly rainfall time series data from 1963–1964 to 2018–2019 for Erbil city rainfall gauging station. The trend analysis was conducted for only rainy months (from October to May) using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, whereas a non-parametric Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend. A functional relationship has been developed between variables using linear regression analysis to determine a linear trend of rainfall for the study area. The annual trend analysis revealed negative (decreasing) trend because the Kendall’s tau (Z) value and the Sen’s slope estimator magnitude were both negative and found to be −0.093 and −1.37, respectively, and the slope of the linear regression analysis was also negative and equal to −0.9148 mm/year, which represents the rate of yearly annual rainfall decreasing trend. Considering the result of monthly rainfall, the trend analysis of rainfall has suggested that there is a trend variation of rainfall in the rainy months. Further, the analysis revealed a negative (decreasing) trend for months November, January, February, March, April, and May and positive (increasing) trend for months October and December. This study is important as it greatly contributes in water resources system planning and management in this region. Furthermore, the results obtained in this work are promising and might help hydraulic civil and water resource engineers in the design of hydraulic structures.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2007

This research presents a method for computing flood discharge (QPT) for different return periods ... more This research presents a method for computing flood discharge (QPT) for different return periods (T) using unit hydrograph (UH) techniques and data of 24hr maximum rainfall depth for two un gauged watersheds (Hujran, and Qapachian) in Erbil Governorate which can be used for the design of hydraulic structures (drainage ways, culverts, weirs and small dams). The procedure is similar to that developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) which depends on physical parameters of the watershed and 24hr maximum rainfall depth. This method · should be limited to watersheds with a drainage area of approximately 50 km2 or less. The flood discharges were computed after collecting and determining physical parameters (drainage area, land uses, time of concentration, soil type and soil infiltration rate) for each watershed and calculating of 24hr maximum rainfall depth from adjacent rainfall gauging stations to each watershed by U.S. weather Bureau equation. A semi log equation was developed between (QPT) and (T) for each watershed. The results showed good accuracy when compared with other methods of computing flood discharge.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2005

The effect of sediment transport on friction factor in pipes was studied in this paper. Dimension... more The effect of sediment transport on friction factor in pipes was studied in this paper. Dimensional analysis was used to find the most effecting variables on the flow friction factor in the pipes with sediment transport using a special statistic computer software (SPSS). A statistical dimensionless model was proposed for each variable affecting the friction factor. The equations showed good accuracy for the available data, i.e. the determination coefficients R2 were varied from 0.992 to 0.998 for all models, and all variables were tasted for significance by F-test, i.e. the computed F-ratio for the variable was compared
with tabulated critical F-ratio.
Finally, four available equations were used to calculate the resistance to flow (Howard, Duarnd - Condolios, Newitt et al and Kriegel et al), and the results were compared with measured experimental values. The comparison showed disagreement between the measured and computed resistance to flow.

First Scientific Research Conference of Brayati Center in Cooperation with Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq, May, 2001 , 2001

As the water is the life force, essential for every living creature on the earth, saving and prot... more As the water is the life force, essential for every living creature on the earth, saving and protecting it are the basic necessities. This paper study the characteristics of sewage of Erbil city, and also study methods of treatment by stabilization ponds and aerated ponds and comparing between them for reusing
it for irrigation of total gross area about 2000 donum within the boundary of Erbil city and also to reduce pollution hazards.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 1998

The evaluation of Arbi l city ground water quality was conducted. The city was divided into four ... more The evaluation of Arbi l city ground water quality was conducted. The city was divided into four main zones; fifty wells were selected in these zones for this purpose. The date of physio-chemical and biological tests was collected such as turbidity. total hard ness. electrical conductivity. concentration of some ions and cautions. and most probable number (MPN) . . . etc. The results were compared with the criteria and the standards issued by international regulations interested in this field, and reveal that surveyed ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic purpose. Empirical equations were obtained to show the relation between total dissolved sol ids and electrical conductivity for all zones.

Eurasian Journal of Science & Engineering, 2018

Abstract: This research presents hydrological study and analysis for two proposed farm dams (Chal... more Abstract: This research presents hydrological study and analysis for two proposed farm dams (Chaluk
and Zurgazraw) located in Erbil Governorate - Iraqi Kurdistan Region. Many site visits were made to
the Chaluk and Zurgazraw areas to select the most suitable site for the farm dams. The area and
properties of the catchment area for both farm dams were measured by arc GIS software and were
equal to 1.99, and 3.97 km2 for Chaluk and Zurgazraw farm dams, respectively. The topographic study
and surveying of the selected sites aimed to construct the contour maps of the sites, determine the
capacity of the reservoir for different heights of the farm dam embankment, and locate the centerline of
the dam and spillway. In the hydrological analysis, as the proposed farm dam’s streams are ungauged
streams with no runoff data records, the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method was used to find
the annual runoff yield. This method depends on physical parameters of the catchment area and daily
rainfall depth data taken from Erbil Meteorological station; the calculated minimum, maximum, and
average runoff yield were equal to 16556, 233407, and 103957 m3
for Chaluk, and 33030, 456641, and,
207393 m3, Zurgazraw farm dam. The Australian (ARR) organization method was used to determine the
50 year return period peak discharge for the farm dams catchment area, which were equal to 14.71, and
24.07 m3/sec for Chaluk, and Zurgazraw farm dams, respectively. Based on the calculated average
annual inflow and calculated annual sediment inflow into farm dams by Universal Soil Loss Equation,
the dead, and live storages elevations, and volumes were fixed to be equal to 411, and 418 m.a.s.l. (meters
above sea level) and 7741, and 103425 m3 for Chaluk, and 404, and 412 m.a.s.l 20863, and 293822m3 for
Zurgazraw farm dam.

ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2018

This study is a numerical investigation in which a meshfree computational method known as the Smo... more This study is a numerical investigation in which a meshfree computational method known as the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is applied to examine its efficiency and accuracy in predicting the flow field variables of free surface flow passing a sluice gate. For this purpose, the numerical 2D SPHysics model, as an implementation of the computational SPH method, is adopted. The numerical code is validated against the theoretical and experimental results of previous works. The validation is performed taking into consideration the conjugate flow depths and velocities for different total upstream heads passing under a fixed gate opening height. The quantitative agreement between the results computed by the numerical 2D SPHysics code and the theoretical and experimental results is fairly good confirming that the numerical code is robust in predicting the flow properties in sluice gates. Then, the validated code is used to find the energy dissipation rate for various total upstream heads and Froude numbers. The results obtained in this study are promising, indicating that the numerical model can be considered as an efficient alternative tool for hydraulic engineers to predict and understand the flow behavior in hydraulic structures.