Francisco D Gurri - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Francisco D Gurri

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households

We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern hou... more We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households in large and small rural communities in Yucatan, Mexico

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 2021

We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern hou... more We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households in large and small rural communities in Yucatan, Mexico

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems

ABSTRACT We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and m... more ABSTRACT We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

American Journal of Human Biology, 2024

Introduction: Development policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crop... more Introduction: Development policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crops or other cash generating activities to encourage local farmers to depend on store-bought groceries available year-round instead of seasonal subsistence crops. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that increased dependence on store bought foods has decreased seasonal changes in nutritional status and fat mass in Maya Children from Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Weight for age (W/A), body mass index (BMI), and tricipital Skinfold z scores in children under the age of 10 years from 14 Maya rural towns with different degrees of development were compared longitudinally between scarcity and abundance seasons using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Height for age (H/A) z scores were also estimated. Results: Origin of food consumed corresponded to the town's degree of development. Nutritional status (W/Az) and adiposity, BMI, and tricipital z scores were significantly lower during the scarcity season in every community. W/Az, tricipital skinfold z, and H/Az scores were significantly higher in developed than in traditional towns, yet in both types of town W/Az and H/Az scores were below the WHO standard mean. Tricipital skinfold z score was only below the WHO standard amongst traditional towns during the scarcity season. Conclusions: Increased dependence on store foods failed to eliminate significant losses in body fat during the scarcity season. This failure may be affecting linear growth and promoting a thrifty phenotype that is seen in short and stocky individuals with a tendency to accumulate fat during abundance seasons.

SAGE Research Methods: Doing Research Online, 2022

There are many published strategies on how to reduce random and consistent observer errors during... more There are many published strategies on how to reduce random and consistent observer errors during the application of field survey questionnaires. Nevertheless, with traditional paper platforms it is practically impossible to fix most errors once the team is in the field. We present this case study of the nutritional ecology of rural Maya agriculturalists in Yucatan, Mexico, where we used touch screen tablet computers to digitize the answers to questionnaire surveys in real time and uploaded the data into a cloud-based database so that an offsite reviewer could correct random and consistent errors to improve the survey strategy as it developed. Our unit of analysis was the household whose ID is linked to nine Microsoft Access datasets with different aggregation levels. Each tablet has a screen form interface that guides each interviewer and reduces the possibility of mistakes. Every night the data are reviewed and uploaded to an institutional Microsoft OneDrive account. Before going into the field, a set of SPSSpc routines was prepared to export the datasets into SPSSpc files, which generated standardized output that were used to review the field data. We designed the first routines to search for missing cases. Once detected we looked for outliers, possible idiosyncratic differences between interviewers, and badly worded or designed fields that needed modification. In the end, the use of tablets by a field team, supported by a home office using cloud-based services, produced more reliable datasets that were ready to use almost immediately after returning from the field.

Développement régional, migration et changement social sur la Côte du Yucatan

Vers un ailleurs prometteur…, 1990

L'Etat du Yucatan, situé dans la péninsule du même nom, dans le sud-est du Mexique, a une sup... more L'Etat du Yucatan, situé dans la péninsule du même nom, dans le sud-est du Mexique, a une superficie de 39 340 km2. Selon le recensement de 1990, il compte 1 363 540 habitants, dont 77,2 % appartiennent à la population urbaine, concentrée dans 23 de ses 106 municipalités, le reste (22,8 %) formant la population rurale. Le principal centre urbain, Mérida, abrite 40,9 % du total de la population de l'Etat (INEGI, 1990) et une grande partie de l'infrastructure industrielle, commerciale et des se..

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019

Background/objectives Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low-birth-weight (LBW) are deter... more Background/objectives Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low-birth-weight (LBW) are determinant factors in the
development of metabolic diseases in children and adolescents. To estimate the magnitude of the association between LBW
and IUGR with stunting or obesity among adolescents of two indigenous regions of the southern State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Subjects/methods We assessed a random sample of 303 adolescents selected from a birth cohort study (2003) conducted in
three hospitals serving urban and rural communities of Tzotzil-Tzeltal and Selva regions of Chiapas, Mexico. Sociodemographic
and anthropometric data from a sample of adolescents were correlated with their anthropometric data at birth
(weight, length for age). Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to
measure the magnitude of the association among the variables of interest. Models were adjusted for potential confounders.
Results In all, 12% of the sample had LBW and 28.8% IUGR. In total, 29% of adolescents were overweight/obese and 21%
were stunted. We found a statistically significant association between IUGR and a lower risk of being overweight/obese. A
higher probability for stunting was observed for LBW and IUGR.
Conclusions Stunting and overweight/obesity prevalence in this population of adolescents was high and was associated
with IUGR.

Cambios en la adaptabilidad de niños y niñas durante los primeros diez años de vida en los altos de Chiapas

Salud Problema, 2008

Ecofronteras, May 1, 2017

REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 2011

El actual contexto social, cultural y tecnológico, junto con el diseño de los nuevos títulos de g... more El actual contexto social, cultural y tecnológico, junto con el diseño de los nuevos títulos de grado en Educación Primaria e Infantil hace necesaria una reflexión en torno a cómo ha de ser la formación de los nuevos maestros y cuáles son las competencias profesionales que les permitirán adaptarse satisfactoriamente a las presentes demandas. En la Sociedad de la Información y la Comunicación, es imprescindible cambiar los roles y escenarios de enseñanza aprendizaje, para garantizar la formación de individuos competentes, es decir, capaces de aplicar conocimiento de forma satisfactoria. Los maestros juegan un papel esencial en la educación de las futuras generaciones bajo este enfoque, y son, por tanto, la pieza clave para propiciar la adaptación a los nuevos tiempos. Ante estas necesidades, la formación del profesorado supone un hecho fundamental y el periodo de prácticum constituye una situación privilegiada para el desarrollo de las competencias asociadas al nuevo perfil profesion...

Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology, 2018

During Q2 of 2019, the European sounding rocket, ARION 1 will have its maiden flight. ARION 1, a ... more During Q2 of 2019, the European sounding rocket, ARION 1 will have its maiden flight. ARION 1, a liquid-propelled sounding rocket that is being developed by PLD Space, will lift off from the launch facilities in the South of Spain, concretely in Huelva. PLD Space, a Spanish start-up company established in 2011, has focused during the last years on the development of liquid-propulsion rocket engines that will power their rockets. After having tested successfully the first reusable rocket engine in their facilities at the airport of Teruel, PLD Space is concentrating its efforts on finalizing the entire ARION 1 sounding rocket. ARION 1, the first-ever reusable sounding rocket in Europe, will be able to provide around 4 min of microgravity conditions after reaching an apogee of 150 km in a nominal mission. This sounding rocket will have the capability of carrying up to 100 kg of payload, exposing scientific and technological payloads to low accelerations due to the liquid-propulsion technologies. With this paper, PLD SPACE wants to introduce the ARION 1 reusable sounding rocket, its capabilities as well as the advantages of a liquid-propelled-based sounding rocket with respect to other traditional solid-based sounding rockets. ARION 1 aims to be the sounding rocket reference in Europe, providing an affordable, flexible and simple microgravity platform to industry, space agencies, research centres and academia.

Metrologia, 2011

The present document reports the results of a comparison in the calibration of mass standards tha... more The present document reports the results of a comparison in the calibration of mass standards that was carried out between CESMEC (Chile), IBMETRO (Bolivia), and INTN (Paraguay); degrees of equivalence and levels of measurement agreement are reported. This comparison was carried out in the following nominal values: 100 mg, 20 g, and 1 kg. 1.

Calakmul. la multidisciplina desde una perspectiva regional

ECOfronteras

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

ECOfronteras

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Exámenes universitarios y salud: Un estudio psicosocial sobre el estrés académico

ABSTRACT

Globalización y cambios en la calidad de vida en familias campesinas de Yucatán, México

Ciencia. Revista de la Academia Mexicana de …, 2007

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Chungará (Arica), 2021

Se comparó la dieta y su estacionalidad en una muestra campesina de Calakmul, Campeche, México, q... more Se comparó la dieta y su estacionalidad en una muestra campesina de Calakmul, Campeche, México, que había mostrado cambios estacionales en su composición corporal. Se realizó un estudio quincenal de pesado y consumo de alimentos durante el ciclo agrícola de 2001-2002, que se complementó con un listado de alimentos cazados, cosechados o recolectados localmente obtenido en 2018 de informantes claves. Las kilocalorías (Kcal) ingeridas de origen local fueron significativamente mayores a las de alimentos comprados tanto en la temporada de abundancia como en la de escasez, lo que sugiere que en esta población el sistema de producción de alimentos sigue siendo más importante para la dieta que los ingresos monetarios. A pesar de las pérdidas de peso durante la temporada de escasez reportadas con anterioridad, no se encontraron diferencias en Kcal consumidas entre temporadas. Los alimentos del solar, la milpa y el monte ofrecen una dieta más diversa durante la temporada de abundancia, por lo que se concluye que los cambios observados en el fenotipo no son una consecuencia de la falta de alimentos, sino del menoscabo estacional en la complementariedad de la dieta que la comida comprada no puede subsanar. Palabras claves: nutrición, agrodiversidad, econutrición, caza y recolección, milpa. To study the diet of a sample of peasants from Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico who suffered seasonal changes in body composition, we conducted an observational study of dietary patterns over 24-hour periods made at 15-day intervals during the 2001-2002 agricultural cycle. The study was complemented with a list of locally hunted, harvested or gathered foods, obtained from key informant interviews in 2018. Significantly more Kilocalories (Kcal) were obtained from the local environment than from store-purchased foods in both seasons, emphasizing the dietary importance of local subsistence production over commercial endeavors. There were no Kcal differences between seasons. Food obtained from agricultural plots, backyards and woodlands offered a balanced diet, but diversity was greater during the abundance season. The results suggest that the reported weight loss during the scarcity season is not due to a lack of food, but to the deterioration of the diet´s complementarity which store foods are unable to compensate for.

Collegium Antropologicum, 2015

This paper attempts to link last century's disruption of local agricultural systems to today&... more This paper attempts to link last century's disruption of local agricultural systems to today's presence of childhood under nutrition and adult overweight and obesity in the Yucatan Peninsula. It first compares Height for Age (H/A), Weight for Age (W/A) and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children from three rural populations in Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico whose subsistence strategy had been altered to different degrees since 1970. It then compares BMI in adults, in the same regions, born before and after the alteration of their environment in the 1970's. Children in the least disrupted zone were taller and had lower BMI than children in the other two, but were not heavier than children from the richest disrupted zone. Children in the poorest disrupted zone were shorter and lighter than the rest. BMI in adult men was higher in the two most disrupted zones only in those cohorts that grew up after the traditional agricultural regime was altered. It is concluded that disruptions o...

Effect of Salaried Work in Cities and Commercial Agriculture on Natural Fertility in Rural Maya Women from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Culture, Environment and Health in the Yucatan Peninsula

We examined 548 reproductive histories of peasant Maya women from the Maize and Citrus Regions of... more We examined 548 reproductive histories of peasant Maya women from the Maize and Citrus Regions of the State of Yucatan, Mexico, to explore the impact of commercial agriculture and circular migration on rural fertility patterns. Since the 1970s households from the Citrus Region combined subsistence with commercial agriculture, and those from the Maize Region combined subsistence agriculture with salaried work in the nearby cities of Merida and Cancun. We compared the Age-Specific Fertility Rates between cohorts that reproduced before and after economic development, and between populations. Age at desired fertility was determined to search for stopping behavior and Coale and Trussell (Popul Index 40(2):185–258, 1974; Popul Index 44(2):203–213, 1978) model of marital control was used to determine variations from natural fertility. Citrus Region women reduced fertility after development, had fewer children than those from the Maize Region, and most of them stopped reproducing after age 36. However, Total Fertility Rate remained high (5.08). Those in the Maize Region had higher fertility (7.24) and a natural fertility pattern. The importance of food production maintained a high premium on fertility in both regions. While commercial agriculture reduced desired fertility, salaried work in the cities made large families desirable to incorporate labor opportunities into the household’s traditional survival strategy.

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households

We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern hou... more We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households in large and small rural communities in Yucatan, Mexico

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 2021

We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern hou... more We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

Effect of seasonality on food access in subsistence and cash dependent Maya households in large and small rural communities in Yucatan, Mexico

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems

ABSTRACT We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and m... more ABSTRACT We compared seasonal changes in food availability between Maya subsistence farmers and modern householders who pursue cash earnings in rural Yucatan. Modern households encourage the substitution of vegetable for animal protein that severely affects them during scarcity season, particularly in small towns. Subsistence households have increased their legume intake when food was scarce. Seasonality had the largest effect on fruit availability. Unable to obtain enough protein and micronutrient rich foods when meats, fruits and vegetables become scarce, modern households make up for it by purchasing more fats and sugars, particularly in large towns with many grocery stores.

American Journal of Human Biology, 2024

Introduction: Development policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crop... more Introduction: Development policies have aimed to substitute subsistence agriculture for cash crops or other cash generating activities to encourage local farmers to depend on store-bought groceries available year-round instead of seasonal subsistence crops. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that increased dependence on store bought foods has decreased seasonal changes in nutritional status and fat mass in Maya Children from Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Weight for age (W/A), body mass index (BMI), and tricipital Skinfold z scores in children under the age of 10 years from 14 Maya rural towns with different degrees of development were compared longitudinally between scarcity and abundance seasons using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Height for age (H/A) z scores were also estimated. Results: Origin of food consumed corresponded to the town's degree of development. Nutritional status (W/Az) and adiposity, BMI, and tricipital z scores were significantly lower during the scarcity season in every community. W/Az, tricipital skinfold z, and H/Az scores were significantly higher in developed than in traditional towns, yet in both types of town W/Az and H/Az scores were below the WHO standard mean. Tricipital skinfold z score was only below the WHO standard amongst traditional towns during the scarcity season. Conclusions: Increased dependence on store foods failed to eliminate significant losses in body fat during the scarcity season. This failure may be affecting linear growth and promoting a thrifty phenotype that is seen in short and stocky individuals with a tendency to accumulate fat during abundance seasons.

SAGE Research Methods: Doing Research Online, 2022

There are many published strategies on how to reduce random and consistent observer errors during... more There are many published strategies on how to reduce random and consistent observer errors during the application of field survey questionnaires. Nevertheless, with traditional paper platforms it is practically impossible to fix most errors once the team is in the field. We present this case study of the nutritional ecology of rural Maya agriculturalists in Yucatan, Mexico, where we used touch screen tablet computers to digitize the answers to questionnaire surveys in real time and uploaded the data into a cloud-based database so that an offsite reviewer could correct random and consistent errors to improve the survey strategy as it developed. Our unit of analysis was the household whose ID is linked to nine Microsoft Access datasets with different aggregation levels. Each tablet has a screen form interface that guides each interviewer and reduces the possibility of mistakes. Every night the data are reviewed and uploaded to an institutional Microsoft OneDrive account. Before going into the field, a set of SPSSpc routines was prepared to export the datasets into SPSSpc files, which generated standardized output that were used to review the field data. We designed the first routines to search for missing cases. Once detected we looked for outliers, possible idiosyncratic differences between interviewers, and badly worded or designed fields that needed modification. In the end, the use of tablets by a field team, supported by a home office using cloud-based services, produced more reliable datasets that were ready to use almost immediately after returning from the field.

Développement régional, migration et changement social sur la Côte du Yucatan

Vers un ailleurs prometteur…, 1990

L'Etat du Yucatan, situé dans la péninsule du même nom, dans le sud-est du Mexique, a une sup... more L'Etat du Yucatan, situé dans la péninsule du même nom, dans le sud-est du Mexique, a une superficie de 39 340 km2. Selon le recensement de 1990, il compte 1 363 540 habitants, dont 77,2 % appartiennent à la population urbaine, concentrée dans 23 de ses 106 municipalités, le reste (22,8 %) formant la population rurale. Le principal centre urbain, Mérida, abrite 40,9 % du total de la population de l'Etat (INEGI, 1990) et une grande partie de l'infrastructure industrielle, commerciale et des se..

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019

Background/objectives Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low-birth-weight (LBW) are deter... more Background/objectives Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low-birth-weight (LBW) are determinant factors in the
development of metabolic diseases in children and adolescents. To estimate the magnitude of the association between LBW
and IUGR with stunting or obesity among adolescents of two indigenous regions of the southern State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Subjects/methods We assessed a random sample of 303 adolescents selected from a birth cohort study (2003) conducted in
three hospitals serving urban and rural communities of Tzotzil-Tzeltal and Selva regions of Chiapas, Mexico. Sociodemographic
and anthropometric data from a sample of adolescents were correlated with their anthropometric data at birth
(weight, length for age). Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to
measure the magnitude of the association among the variables of interest. Models were adjusted for potential confounders.
Results In all, 12% of the sample had LBW and 28.8% IUGR. In total, 29% of adolescents were overweight/obese and 21%
were stunted. We found a statistically significant association between IUGR and a lower risk of being overweight/obese. A
higher probability for stunting was observed for LBW and IUGR.
Conclusions Stunting and overweight/obesity prevalence in this population of adolescents was high and was associated
with IUGR.

Cambios en la adaptabilidad de niños y niñas durante los primeros diez años de vida en los altos de Chiapas

Salud Problema, 2008

Ecofronteras, May 1, 2017

REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 2011

El actual contexto social, cultural y tecnológico, junto con el diseño de los nuevos títulos de g... more El actual contexto social, cultural y tecnológico, junto con el diseño de los nuevos títulos de grado en Educación Primaria e Infantil hace necesaria una reflexión en torno a cómo ha de ser la formación de los nuevos maestros y cuáles son las competencias profesionales que les permitirán adaptarse satisfactoriamente a las presentes demandas. En la Sociedad de la Información y la Comunicación, es imprescindible cambiar los roles y escenarios de enseñanza aprendizaje, para garantizar la formación de individuos competentes, es decir, capaces de aplicar conocimiento de forma satisfactoria. Los maestros juegan un papel esencial en la educación de las futuras generaciones bajo este enfoque, y son, por tanto, la pieza clave para propiciar la adaptación a los nuevos tiempos. Ante estas necesidades, la formación del profesorado supone un hecho fundamental y el periodo de prácticum constituye una situación privilegiada para el desarrollo de las competencias asociadas al nuevo perfil profesion...

Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology, 2018

During Q2 of 2019, the European sounding rocket, ARION 1 will have its maiden flight. ARION 1, a ... more During Q2 of 2019, the European sounding rocket, ARION 1 will have its maiden flight. ARION 1, a liquid-propelled sounding rocket that is being developed by PLD Space, will lift off from the launch facilities in the South of Spain, concretely in Huelva. PLD Space, a Spanish start-up company established in 2011, has focused during the last years on the development of liquid-propulsion rocket engines that will power their rockets. After having tested successfully the first reusable rocket engine in their facilities at the airport of Teruel, PLD Space is concentrating its efforts on finalizing the entire ARION 1 sounding rocket. ARION 1, the first-ever reusable sounding rocket in Europe, will be able to provide around 4 min of microgravity conditions after reaching an apogee of 150 km in a nominal mission. This sounding rocket will have the capability of carrying up to 100 kg of payload, exposing scientific and technological payloads to low accelerations due to the liquid-propulsion technologies. With this paper, PLD SPACE wants to introduce the ARION 1 reusable sounding rocket, its capabilities as well as the advantages of a liquid-propelled-based sounding rocket with respect to other traditional solid-based sounding rockets. ARION 1 aims to be the sounding rocket reference in Europe, providing an affordable, flexible and simple microgravity platform to industry, space agencies, research centres and academia.

Metrologia, 2011

The present document reports the results of a comparison in the calibration of mass standards tha... more The present document reports the results of a comparison in the calibration of mass standards that was carried out between CESMEC (Chile), IBMETRO (Bolivia), and INTN (Paraguay); degrees of equivalence and levels of measurement agreement are reported. This comparison was carried out in the following nominal values: 100 mg, 20 g, and 1 kg. 1.

Calakmul. la multidisciplina desde una perspectiva regional

ECOfronteras

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

ECOfronteras

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Exámenes universitarios y salud: Un estudio psicosocial sobre el estrés académico

ABSTRACT

Globalización y cambios en la calidad de vida en familias campesinas de Yucatán, México

Ciencia. Revista de la Academia Mexicana de …, 2007

SIDALC - Servicio de Informacion y Documentacion Agropecuaria de las Americas.

Chungará (Arica), 2021

Se comparó la dieta y su estacionalidad en una muestra campesina de Calakmul, Campeche, México, q... more Se comparó la dieta y su estacionalidad en una muestra campesina de Calakmul, Campeche, México, que había mostrado cambios estacionales en su composición corporal. Se realizó un estudio quincenal de pesado y consumo de alimentos durante el ciclo agrícola de 2001-2002, que se complementó con un listado de alimentos cazados, cosechados o recolectados localmente obtenido en 2018 de informantes claves. Las kilocalorías (Kcal) ingeridas de origen local fueron significativamente mayores a las de alimentos comprados tanto en la temporada de abundancia como en la de escasez, lo que sugiere que en esta población el sistema de producción de alimentos sigue siendo más importante para la dieta que los ingresos monetarios. A pesar de las pérdidas de peso durante la temporada de escasez reportadas con anterioridad, no se encontraron diferencias en Kcal consumidas entre temporadas. Los alimentos del solar, la milpa y el monte ofrecen una dieta más diversa durante la temporada de abundancia, por lo que se concluye que los cambios observados en el fenotipo no son una consecuencia de la falta de alimentos, sino del menoscabo estacional en la complementariedad de la dieta que la comida comprada no puede subsanar. Palabras claves: nutrición, agrodiversidad, econutrición, caza y recolección, milpa. To study the diet of a sample of peasants from Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico who suffered seasonal changes in body composition, we conducted an observational study of dietary patterns over 24-hour periods made at 15-day intervals during the 2001-2002 agricultural cycle. The study was complemented with a list of locally hunted, harvested or gathered foods, obtained from key informant interviews in 2018. Significantly more Kilocalories (Kcal) were obtained from the local environment than from store-purchased foods in both seasons, emphasizing the dietary importance of local subsistence production over commercial endeavors. There were no Kcal differences between seasons. Food obtained from agricultural plots, backyards and woodlands offered a balanced diet, but diversity was greater during the abundance season. The results suggest that the reported weight loss during the scarcity season is not due to a lack of food, but to the deterioration of the diet´s complementarity which store foods are unable to compensate for.

Collegium Antropologicum, 2015

This paper attempts to link last century's disruption of local agricultural systems to today&... more This paper attempts to link last century's disruption of local agricultural systems to today's presence of childhood under nutrition and adult overweight and obesity in the Yucatan Peninsula. It first compares Height for Age (H/A), Weight for Age (W/A) and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children from three rural populations in Yucatan and Campeche, Mexico whose subsistence strategy had been altered to different degrees since 1970. It then compares BMI in adults, in the same regions, born before and after the alteration of their environment in the 1970's. Children in the least disrupted zone were taller and had lower BMI than children in the other two, but were not heavier than children from the richest disrupted zone. Children in the poorest disrupted zone were shorter and lighter than the rest. BMI in adult men was higher in the two most disrupted zones only in those cohorts that grew up after the traditional agricultural regime was altered. It is concluded that disruptions o...

Effect of Salaried Work in Cities and Commercial Agriculture on Natural Fertility in Rural Maya Women from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Culture, Environment and Health in the Yucatan Peninsula

We examined 548 reproductive histories of peasant Maya women from the Maize and Citrus Regions of... more We examined 548 reproductive histories of peasant Maya women from the Maize and Citrus Regions of the State of Yucatan, Mexico, to explore the impact of commercial agriculture and circular migration on rural fertility patterns. Since the 1970s households from the Citrus Region combined subsistence with commercial agriculture, and those from the Maize Region combined subsistence agriculture with salaried work in the nearby cities of Merida and Cancun. We compared the Age-Specific Fertility Rates between cohorts that reproduced before and after economic development, and between populations. Age at desired fertility was determined to search for stopping behavior and Coale and Trussell (Popul Index 40(2):185–258, 1974; Popul Index 44(2):203–213, 1978) model of marital control was used to determine variations from natural fertility. Citrus Region women reduced fertility after development, had fewer children than those from the Maize Region, and most of them stopped reproducing after age 36. However, Total Fertility Rate remained high (5.08). Those in the Maize Region had higher fertility (7.24) and a natural fertility pattern. The importance of food production maintained a high premium on fertility in both regions. While commercial agriculture reduced desired fertility, salaried work in the cities made large families desirable to incorporate labor opportunities into the household’s traditional survival strategy.

En: (Ochoa H. ed.) La frontera sur de México: Una salud en crisis; Intersistemas, SA de CV, Academia Nacional de Medicina de México, CONACYT. México D.F. 39-48., 2018

bstract This chapter associates early developmental stress, as evidenced by the presence or absen... more bstract This chapter associates early developmental stress, as evidenced by the presence or absence of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH), with fat accumulation in adolescents using body mass index (BMI) in two agricultural populations from the Yucatan Peninsula with different degrees of dependence on store foods. Adolescent males with LEHs had lower BMIz scores while the reverse was true for females. BMI variation in males depended on their ability to satisfy an activity schedule with a high-energy demand that placed individuals who had early developmental problems at a disadvantage. Women on the other hand, while busy for longer hours than men, had more stationary activities and did not participate in sports. Systemic problems in utero and early childhood would therefore lead to a thrifty phenotype and, because they are stationary, these women tended to accumulate body fat faster than those without LEHs. That this happened both in Calakmul with a high fiber traditional diet and in Central Yucatan with a store-bought high carbohydrate diet suggests that labor allocation differences in agricultural populations in the Yucatan Peninsula put women at a disadvantage that may lead those with a thrifty phenotype to become overweight. That this process is much more evident in Central Yucatan than in Calakmul suggests that development will exacerbate the consequences of traditional gender inequalities already present in the agricultural household adaptive strategy.

SEP-CONACYT, SISIERRA, 2004

Incluye el valor de alimentos locales que no pueden ser encontrados en otras tablas nacionales.

ECOSUR; DIFCampeche: CDI; Insituto de la Mujer, Campeche; COESPO, 2005

Este recetario no existiría sin la entusiasta colaboración de las familias de las 24 autoras que ... more Este recetario no existiría sin la entusiasta colaboración de las familias de las 24 autoras que generaron las recetas. Estas familias son después de todo las que le han dado el visto bueno a las recetas que para ellas elaboraron las cocineras de Calakmul. A todas ellas y ellos les damos las gracias en nombre de las autoras.

PROAFT AC; Universidad Iberoamericana; Plaza y Valdes, 2007

FOMIX; ECOSUR, 2018

Se estudió el impacto de la migración hacia los Estados Unidos y de la recepción de remesas en fa... more Se estudió el impacto de la migración hacia los Estados Unidos y de la recepción de remesas en familias campesinas de dos estrategias adaptativas diferentes en los municipios de Escárcega y Calakmul, Campeche. Se utilizó la clasificación de estrategias campesinas de Gurri (2003) que las dividió en "tradicionales", familias extensas que basan su supervivencia en cultivos de subsistencia y actividades remuneradas, y "convencionales", familias nucleares que practican la agricultura como negocio. Se encontró que el impacto de la migración y las remesas varían por tipo de estrategia y por tiempo de recibir remesas. Ambas familias invierten la mayor parte de sus remesas en gasto de consumo y mejoras del hogar lo que contribuye a mejorar su nivel de vida inmediato, e invierten en capital humano a través del gasto en educación y salud. En el ámbito productivo, los primeros 5 años los campesinos tradicionales reorganizan el trabajo familiar y utilizan parte de las remesas para contratar mano de obra para reiniciar sus actividades agrícolas. Las familias convencionales por el contrario, abandonan la agricultura e invierten en ganado caprino. Después de cinco años de recibir remesas las familias tradicionales, al igual que los convencionales, aumentan las hectáreas en producción por año al convertir milpas en potreros para alimentar ganado. Las condiciones físicas del sur de Campeche en donde el acceso al agua es un factor limitante, hacen que el incremento en la actividad ganadera aumente la vulnerabilidad de todos los campesinos pues tiene impactos negativos globales en la capacidad de recuperación local de la tierra afectando indirectamente a familias que siguen tratando de llevar a cabo un esquema más sustentable y menos vulnerable.