Kent K Alipour | East Carolina University (original) (raw)

Papers by Kent K Alipour

Research paper thumbnail of Does adaptability, rurality and previous business ownership matter for entrepreneurial identity

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2023

Purpose-This study explores the role of both trait-like (i.e. adaptability) and situational (prev... more Purpose-This study explores the role of both trait-like (i.e. adaptability) and situational (previous small business ownership and rurality) variables, on entrepreneurial identity (EI) through a social identity theory lens. Design/methodology/approach-Path analysis was used on 376 individuals from across the United States who met various criteria and were recruited using Prolific. Findings-Adaptability and previous small business ownership were found to be predictors of EI. Findings also highlight the moderating role of adaptability on the previous small business ownership-EI and rurality-EI links. Notably, highly adaptable individuals who have previously owned businesses tend to hold more of an EI, and those who are less adaptable and live in rural locations also tend to hold less of an EI. Practical implications-Understanding the conditions under which individuals are likely to hold more of an EI may provide several benefits to organizations and individuals within society, including information that can be used to develop more fine-tuned career counseling and training, risk management strategies, and a more calculated allocation of finite resources. Originality/value-Despite both personal trait-like (i.e. focus/adaptability) and situational (i.e. rurality and previous small business ownership experience) factors likely playing a crucial role in the formation of individuals' perceptions, previous work has largely ignored their interaction in the development of EI. The authors test a model encompassing trait-like (i.e. focus/adaptability) and situational (rurality, previous small business ownership experience) predictors of EI, along with their interactive effects, and illuminate a more holistic picture of EI's antecedents.

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Jun 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Repeated binge ethanol administration during adolescence enhances voluntary sweetened ethanol intake in young adulthood in male and female rats

Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, Oct 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Courage Measure--Reduced Version

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Proceedings - Academy of Management, 2014

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and ti...

Research paper thumbnail of Courage Measure--Reduced Version

Research paper thumbnail of The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts POWER HUNGRY: THE INFLUENCE OF POWER VALUES DIVERSITY ON RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT AND TEAM PERFORMANCE A Thesis in Psychology by

Despite their role as motivational goals that influence behavior and social interactions, little ... more Despite their role as motivational goals that influence behavior and social interactions, little research has invested power values in teams. In 80 student teams, mean achievement values moderated the relationship between power values diversity and team performance, such that higher team-mean achievement values trended toward increasing team performance. In addition, the interaction between power values diversity and participative safety climate to predict relationship climate was marginally significant, such that higher participative safety climate trended toward decreasing relationship conflict. Results support the utility of considering the role of moderators to comprehend when team power values diversity is likely to predict team processes and outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and ti...

Research paper thumbnail of Repeated binge ethanol administration during adolescence enhances voluntary sweetened ethanol intake in young adulthood in male and female rats

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal Considerations in Leadership and Followership

SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks, 2023

Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within lead... more Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within leadership research (Castillo & Trinh, 2018). This is unfortunate, as leadership does not occur in an a-temporal context, and leaders within organisations often navigate varying degrees of time pressure and deadlines (e.g., Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011). Moreover, leaders and the leadership process are constantly evolving (e.g., McClean et al., 2019). Although it should be difficult, if not impossible, to consider leadership without time playing a role, a review of the leadership literature concluded that the formal use of temporal variables in leadership research has been scarce and scattered (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008, p. 657). In fact, four reviews on leadership and time within the past 15 years have criticised the failure of the literature to explicitly examine leadership in conjunction with temporality (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008; Castillo & Trinh, 2018; McClean et al., 2019; Shamir, 2011).

Research paper thumbnail of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Differs in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats Using a Modified Sucrose-Fading Paradigm

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation

The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Team Cognition at a Crossroad: Toward Conceptual Integration and Network Configurations

Academy of Management Annals

Research paper thumbnail of Nonfamily employees’ perceptions of treatment in family businesses: Implications for organizational attraction, job pursuit intentions, work attitudes, and turnover intentions

Journal of Family Business Strategy

Research paper thumbnail of Does the Courage Measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation

The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2014

Courage has seen an explosion of research in all branches of psychology, and the most popular mea... more Courage has seen an explosion of research in all branches of psychology, and the most popular measure is Norton and Weiss's the courage measure (CM). Despite widespread use, limited investigations into its psychometric properties and validity have been performed. To ensure the strength of findings drawn from the scale, the current study performs a theoretical, psychometric, and empirical analysis of the CM. The results demonstrate that the CM has theoretical concerns stemming from the operational definition of courage used during its creation, and may not actually measure courage. Also, the CM was shown to consist of two dimensions separated by regular and reverse coding. Next, the scale demonstrated slight concerns with method effects, and its construct validity was analyzed. Together, the results demonstrate that the CM would benefit from the removal of reverse coded items, and may actually gage persistence despite fear rather than courage.

Research paper thumbnail of Differences in the Valuing of Power Among Team Members: a Contingency Approach Toward Examining the Effects of Power Values Diversity and Relationship Conflict

Differences in the Valuing of Power Among Team Members: a Contingency Approach Toward Examining the Effects of Power Values Diversity and Relationship Conflict, 2017

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditional effects of power values di... more Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditional effects of power values diversity and relationship conflict.

Design/methodology/approach – We utilized a time-lagged survey design and multilevel modeling to investigate 60 teams working on a project task over the course of 4 months.

Findings –When participative safety climate was high, the presence of high power values diversity was particularly helpful for reducing relationship conflict. In turn, decreased relationship conflict tended to increase team performance. Additionally, when workload sharing was low, high relationship conflict was especially harmful to team performance.

Implications – Results support the consideration of team participative safety climate to better understand the conditions under which power values diversity is likely to lessen relationship conflict and subsequently increase team performance. Findings also highlight the importance of avoiding low workload sharing, in the presence of prominent relationship conflict, to increase team performance.

Originality/value – By examining relationship conflict as a mediator and participative safety climate as a moderator of power values diversity’s effects, we make a novel contribution to extant literature by helping to elucidate both how and under what conditions differences in power values, among team members, can influence team performance. Relatedly, we answer the call for more research that adopts a contingency approach toward examining the effects of values diversity and relationship conflict. In doing so, we help to identify the conditions under which power values diversity and relationship conflict are likely to differentially influence important team outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporating temporality into implicit leadership and followership theories: Exploring inconsistencies between time-based expectations and actual behaviors

Incorporating temporality into implicit leadership and followership theories: Exploring inconsistencies between timebased expectations and actual behaviors, 2017

Given that time is such a critical contextual variable in organizations and effectiveness indicat... more Given that time is such a critical contextual variable in organizations and effectiveness indicators rarely exclude timeliness, we argue that temporal individual differences are an unfortunate omission from implicit leadership theories (ILTs) and implicit followership theories (IFTs). Both implicit theories and time-based individual differences are commonly undiscussed, but their subtle effects can manifest explicitly in behaviors and consequences that have real implications for leaders and followers in organizations. Therefore, in this conceptual paper, we draw attention to time patience (the extent to which individuals are unconcerned with or unfocused on deadlines and the passage of time), time perspective (the relative importance of past, present, and future events in ongoing thought processes and decision-making), polychronicity (the preference for multitasking), and pacing style (the manner in which individuals distribute their effort over time in working toward deadlines) as neglected, but research-worthy components of followers' ILTs and leaders' IFTs. By infusing time-related characteristics into leadership research, we not only consider the content and structure of temporal ILTs and IFTs, but also draw attention to potential inconsistency in leaders' temporal IFTs and followers' actual behaviors, as well as followers' temporal ILTs and leaders' actual behaviors. Further, we offer propositions that have prescriptive value in specifying the conditions under which temporal ILT and IFT inconsistency will be more or less detrimental to leader-follower coordination.

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams, Dec 12, 2016

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and time-patient as well as monochronic and polychronic members in chef teams at a culinary college heightened disagreements over how temporal resources
should be allocated. In addition, conscientiousness moderated the relationship between polychronicity diversity and temporal conflict such that low mean conscientiousness exacerbated the temporal conflict experienced by high-polychronicity diversity teams. In addition, a negative indirect effect of polychronicity diversity on team performance,
through temporal conflict, was found when conscientiousness was lower. Study results provide support for the continued examination of temporal diversity and temporal conflict in teams.

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects, Apr 22, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Does adaptability, rurality and previous business ownership matter for entrepreneurial identity

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2023

Purpose-This study explores the role of both trait-like (i.e. adaptability) and situational (prev... more Purpose-This study explores the role of both trait-like (i.e. adaptability) and situational (previous small business ownership and rurality) variables, on entrepreneurial identity (EI) through a social identity theory lens. Design/methodology/approach-Path analysis was used on 376 individuals from across the United States who met various criteria and were recruited using Prolific. Findings-Adaptability and previous small business ownership were found to be predictors of EI. Findings also highlight the moderating role of adaptability on the previous small business ownership-EI and rurality-EI links. Notably, highly adaptable individuals who have previously owned businesses tend to hold more of an EI, and those who are less adaptable and live in rural locations also tend to hold less of an EI. Practical implications-Understanding the conditions under which individuals are likely to hold more of an EI may provide several benefits to organizations and individuals within society, including information that can be used to develop more fine-tuned career counseling and training, risk management strategies, and a more calculated allocation of finite resources. Originality/value-Despite both personal trait-like (i.e. focus/adaptability) and situational (i.e. rurality and previous small business ownership experience) factors likely playing a crucial role in the formation of individuals' perceptions, previous work has largely ignored their interaction in the development of EI. The authors test a model encompassing trait-like (i.e. focus/adaptability) and situational (rurality, previous small business ownership experience) predictors of EI, along with their interactive effects, and illuminate a more holistic picture of EI's antecedents.

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Jun 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Repeated binge ethanol administration during adolescence enhances voluntary sweetened ethanol intake in young adulthood in male and female rats

Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, Oct 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Courage Measure--Reduced Version

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Proceedings - Academy of Management, 2014

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and ti...

Research paper thumbnail of Courage Measure--Reduced Version

Research paper thumbnail of The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts POWER HUNGRY: THE INFLUENCE OF POWER VALUES DIVERSITY ON RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT AND TEAM PERFORMANCE A Thesis in Psychology by

Despite their role as motivational goals that influence behavior and social interactions, little ... more Despite their role as motivational goals that influence behavior and social interactions, little research has invested power values in teams. In 80 student teams, mean achievement values moderated the relationship between power values diversity and team performance, such that higher team-mean achievement values trended toward increasing team performance. In addition, the interaction between power values diversity and participative safety climate to predict relationship climate was marginally significant, such that higher participative safety climate trended toward decreasing relationship conflict. Results support the utility of considering the role of moderators to comprehend when team power values diversity is likely to predict team processes and outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and ti...

Research paper thumbnail of Repeated binge ethanol administration during adolescence enhances voluntary sweetened ethanol intake in young adulthood in male and female rats

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal Considerations in Leadership and Followership

SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks, 2023

Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within lead... more Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within leadership research (Castillo & Trinh, 2018). This is unfortunate, as leadership does not occur in an a-temporal context, and leaders within organisations often navigate varying degrees of time pressure and deadlines (e.g., Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011). Moreover, leaders and the leadership process are constantly evolving (e.g., McClean et al., 2019). Although it should be difficult, if not impossible, to consider leadership without time playing a role, a review of the leadership literature concluded that the formal use of temporal variables in leadership research has been scarce and scattered (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008, p. 657). In fact, four reviews on leadership and time within the past 15 years have criticised the failure of the literature to explicitly examine leadership in conjunction with temporality (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008; Castillo & Trinh, 2018; McClean et al., 2019; Shamir, 2011).

Research paper thumbnail of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Differs in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats Using a Modified Sucrose-Fading Paradigm

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation

The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Team Cognition at a Crossroad: Toward Conceptual Integration and Network Configurations

Academy of Management Annals

Research paper thumbnail of Nonfamily employees’ perceptions of treatment in family businesses: Implications for organizational attraction, job pursuit intentions, work attitudes, and turnover intentions

Journal of Family Business Strategy

Research paper thumbnail of Does the Courage Measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation

The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2014

Courage has seen an explosion of research in all branches of psychology, and the most popular mea... more Courage has seen an explosion of research in all branches of psychology, and the most popular measure is Norton and Weiss's the courage measure (CM). Despite widespread use, limited investigations into its psychometric properties and validity have been performed. To ensure the strength of findings drawn from the scale, the current study performs a theoretical, psychometric, and empirical analysis of the CM. The results demonstrate that the CM has theoretical concerns stemming from the operational definition of courage used during its creation, and may not actually measure courage. Also, the CM was shown to consist of two dimensions separated by regular and reverse coding. Next, the scale demonstrated slight concerns with method effects, and its construct validity was analyzed. Together, the results demonstrate that the CM would benefit from the removal of reverse coded items, and may actually gage persistence despite fear rather than courage.

Research paper thumbnail of Differences in the Valuing of Power Among Team Members: a Contingency Approach Toward Examining the Effects of Power Values Diversity and Relationship Conflict

Differences in the Valuing of Power Among Team Members: a Contingency Approach Toward Examining the Effects of Power Values Diversity and Relationship Conflict, 2017

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditional effects of power values di... more Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the conditional effects of power values diversity and relationship conflict.

Design/methodology/approach – We utilized a time-lagged survey design and multilevel modeling to investigate 60 teams working on a project task over the course of 4 months.

Findings –When participative safety climate was high, the presence of high power values diversity was particularly helpful for reducing relationship conflict. In turn, decreased relationship conflict tended to increase team performance. Additionally, when workload sharing was low, high relationship conflict was especially harmful to team performance.

Implications – Results support the consideration of team participative safety climate to better understand the conditions under which power values diversity is likely to lessen relationship conflict and subsequently increase team performance. Findings also highlight the importance of avoiding low workload sharing, in the presence of prominent relationship conflict, to increase team performance.

Originality/value – By examining relationship conflict as a mediator and participative safety climate as a moderator of power values diversity’s effects, we make a novel contribution to extant literature by helping to elucidate both how and under what conditions differences in power values, among team members, can influence team performance. Relatedly, we answer the call for more research that adopts a contingency approach toward examining the effects of values diversity and relationship conflict. In doing so, we help to identify the conditions under which power values diversity and relationship conflict are likely to differentially influence important team outcomes.

Research paper thumbnail of Incorporating temporality into implicit leadership and followership theories: Exploring inconsistencies between time-based expectations and actual behaviors

Incorporating temporality into implicit leadership and followership theories: Exploring inconsistencies between timebased expectations and actual behaviors, 2017

Given that time is such a critical contextual variable in organizations and effectiveness indicat... more Given that time is such a critical contextual variable in organizations and effectiveness indicators rarely exclude timeliness, we argue that temporal individual differences are an unfortunate omission from implicit leadership theories (ILTs) and implicit followership theories (IFTs). Both implicit theories and time-based individual differences are commonly undiscussed, but their subtle effects can manifest explicitly in behaviors and consequences that have real implications for leaders and followers in organizations. Therefore, in this conceptual paper, we draw attention to time patience (the extent to which individuals are unconcerned with or unfocused on deadlines and the passage of time), time perspective (the relative importance of past, present, and future events in ongoing thought processes and decision-making), polychronicity (the preference for multitasking), and pacing style (the manner in which individuals distribute their effort over time in working toward deadlines) as neglected, but research-worthy components of followers' ILTs and leaders' IFTs. By infusing time-related characteristics into leadership research, we not only consider the content and structure of temporal ILTs and IFTs, but also draw attention to potential inconsistency in leaders' temporal IFTs and followers' actual behaviors, as well as followers' temporal ILTs and leaders' actual behaviors. Further, we offer propositions that have prescriptive value in specifying the conditions under which temporal ILT and IFT inconsistency will be more or less detrimental to leader-follower coordination.

Research paper thumbnail of Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams

Conflict in the Kitchen: Temporal Diversity and Temporal Disagreements in Chef Teams, Dec 12, 2016

Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have impo... more Time-related dispositions of members are potentially crucial in teams and are likely to have important implications for team processes. In support, this study found that a mix of time-urgent and time-patient as well as monochronic and polychronic members in chef teams at a culinary college heightened disagreements over how temporal resources
should be allocated. In addition, conscientiousness moderated the relationship between polychronicity diversity and temporal conflict such that low mean conscientiousness exacerbated the temporal conflict experienced by high-polychronicity diversity teams. In addition, a negative indirect effect of polychronicity diversity on team performance,
through temporal conflict, was found when conscientiousness was lower. Study results provide support for the continued examination of temporal diversity and temporal conflict in teams.

Research paper thumbnail of It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects, Apr 22, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Temporal Considerations in Leadership and Followership

The Sage Handbook of Leadership, 2023

Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within lead... more Although time is omnipresent and impacts us all, its focus has been largely neglected within leadership research (Castillo & Trinh, 2018). This is unfortunate, as leadership does not occur in an a-temporal context, and leaders within organisations often navigate varying degrees of time pressure
and deadlines (e.g., Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011). Moreover, leaders and the leadership process are constantly evolving (e.g., McClean et al.,
2019). Although it should be difficult, if not impossible, to consider leadership without time playing a role, a review of the leadership literature concluded that the formal use of temporal variables in leadership research has been scarce and scattered (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008, p. 657). In fact, four reviews on leadership and time within the past 15 years have criticised the failure of the literature to explicitly examine leadership in conjunction with temporality (Bluedorn & Jaussi, 2008; Castillo & Trinh, 2018; McClean et al., 2019; Shamir, 2011).