S𝖺𝗅𝖺𝗁 A 𝗅 𝗂 Hussain | Fjwu (original) (raw)

Papers by S𝖺𝗅𝖺𝗁 A 𝗅 𝗂 Hussain

Four subsurface sections and electrical, porosity logs, and gamma-ray logs of the Khasib Formatio... more Four subsurface sections and electrical, porosity logs, and gamma-ray logs of the Khasib Formation (age Late Turonian-Lower Coniacian) were studied to identify reservoir characteristics and to evaluate the reservoir properties of the Khasib reservoir units in the East Baghdad oilfield. The lithology of the formation is limestone throughout the whole sequence in all studied wells EB-83, EB-87, EB-92, and EB94. It is bounded conformably from the top by Tanuma Formation and has a conformable lower contact with Kifl Formation. The lower and upper boundaries of the formation were determined using well log analysis, and the formation was divided into three main rock units (Kh1, Kh2, and Kh3), depending on the porosity logs. The porosity was calculated using acoustic or sonic, neutron, and density logs. The effective porosity (average 0.0-0.32 %) is the predominant porosity in the formation and to less extent; the secondary porosity. The volume of shale is very low (average 0.0-0.13 %), indicating limestone is the main rock of the Khasib Formation. The study of the reservoir water (average 0.11-1.0%) and hydrocarbon saturations (average 0.0-0.88 %) showed that the formation contains varying proportions and quantities of water and hydrocarbons suspended in the wall void, and hydrocarbons capable of being produced. The lithological study reflected that the predominant lithic formation is limestone. It was found that Kh 2 unit is the best oil reservoir unit in all selected wells in terms of porosity, water saturation, diagenesis processes, and microfacies analysis.

The carbonate ramp facies of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian Mauddud Formation were studied in t... more The carbonate ramp facies of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian Mauddud Formation were studied in the Ratawi Oilfield, Basra Governorate, south of Iraq using integrated borehole data set that included, core and cutting samples in three drilled wells to analyze the petrography of the Mauddud Formation, two hundred and eightyone (281) thin sections were prepared and examined for the three selected wells. The results show that the formation is composed of light grey dolomitized limestone and pseudo-oolitic creamy limestone with green to bluish shale. The petrographic observations results show four facies' associations in the Mauddud Formation. These include: Mid-Ramp environment which is represented by Argillaceous mudstone microfacies, Argillaceous wackestone microfacies and orbitolinid wackestone microfacies; the shallow open marine environment which is assimilated by foraminiferal wackestone microfacies and foraminiferal packstone microfacies; a restricted marine environment that represented by bioclastic fossiliferous wackestone microfacies and miliolid wackestone microfacies and Shoal environment is represented by bioclastic packstone microfacies, bioclastic grainstone microfacies, peloidal foraminiferal pack-grainstone microfacies, and peloidal packstonegrainstone microfacies with diverse skeletal grains. The porosity includes Vuggy, Interparticle, Intraparticle and Fracture porosity.

Iraqi Journal of Science

Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic ... more Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic processes. The main objectives of the present study are the evaluation of the paleoenvironment and diagenetic conditions of selected three sections of the Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) in Dokan-Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northeast of Iraq. The major and some trace elements were analysed by X-Ray Fluoresces. These geochemical results showed a positive correlation of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2 between each other due to the influence of detrital influx from the active oceanic margins and thrust belts of the northeast Arabian Plate. The terrigenous supply of silicates (K-feldspar) and clay minerals (Illite) caused a positive correlation between K2O values and Al2O3. In general, there is a low abundance of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, referring to the deepening of the Neo-Tythus ocean basin in the formation's lower part. The Mn* factor of the lower and middle p...

The Qamchuqa Formation was studied in Chwarqauran section, Sulaimanyia, Kurdistan region, Northea... more The Qamchuqa Formation was studied in Chwarqauran section, Sulaimanyia, Kurdistan region, Northeastern Iraq. The lithology of the formation contains limestone throughout the whole section except for one bed of dolomite at the Middle part. Twenty-four slides were prepared from 24 rock samples that were taken from this section to discriminate the petrography and fossil content. The petrographic study shows four main microfacies including lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and floatstone. Additionally, there are four sub microfacies: bioclast wackestone, miliolid wackestone, bioclast packstone and orbitolinid packstone. However, the fossil content shows the abundance of benthic foraminifera against the planktonic. All the microfacies indicate facies zone 7, 8 and 9A which reflect deposition in the platform interior between the tidal flat to the mid ramp and back reef environment

Diyala Journal For Pure Science, 2018

Thirteen outcrop samples of lithified black shale from the North of Iraq, Gulneri Formation, were... more Thirteen outcrop samples of lithified black shale from the North of Iraq, Gulneri Formation, were analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of organic matter and for trace elements distribution to assess the source of organic matter and the redox state at the time of deposition, respectively. Paleoredox-sensitive (trace) elements including ratios of Ni, V, and Co indicate fluctuations between an oxic, dyoxic, and suboxic/anoxic conditions during the deposition of the formation. Specifically V/(V + Ni) suggests generally low oxygen during the deposition of the formation. Detrital iron oxides are present in some samples. Carbon isotopic values are depleted throughout the formation ranging between -26 to -24. The nitrogen isotopic values record negative values indicative of denitrification of amino acids or nitrogen fixation in the ocean. Mineralogical observations reveal the alteration of pyrite to iron oxides in the bottom of the formation. There are two potential indicators of the deposition setting: first, the lack of pyrite except at the bottom suggests a generally oxic setting. However, fluctuations in the V/Al ratio throughout the formation, low U and Mo and the presence of planktonic foraminifera Paleoceanographic Reconstruction of Upper Cretaceous, Black Shale Succession Northeastern Iraq Using Geochemical Proxies to Indicate Paleoredox and Paleoenvironment Conditions Khaldoun Ibrahim Ahmad, Salah Ali Hussain and Mutadhid Al-Obaidi 238 Vol: 14 No: 3, July 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.1403.444C P-ISSN: 2222-8373 E-ISSN: 2518-9255 suggests that the redox conditions fluctuated and were sometimes anoxic at least in the sediment.

Diyala Journal for Pure Science, 2017

Oligosteginid (calcispheres) assemblages which found in Dokan Formation, Erbil Governorate, Kurdi... more Oligosteginid (calcispheres) assemblages which found in Dokan Formation, Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, have a stratigraphic distribution similar to that found in Bangestan Group (Albian-Campanian) of Lurestan Province, Iran. Ten rock samples were collected from Ismael Awa section, Dokan formation and 20 thin sections were made and studied under microscope. There are five oligosteginid species found in Dokan Formation and all these species are of Late Albian, the depositional environment of the formation is tropical to subtropical, warm water 30-32 • C on the continental slope to abyssal zone and paleosalinity between 34-37 ‰.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Three formations to be studied along Surdash, Qallat, Khalakan, Hezob, Sektan, Degala and Shaqlaw... more Three formations to be studied along Surdash, Qallat, Khalakan, Hezob, Sektan, Degala and Shaqlawa areas in the Sulaimaniya and Erbil governorates, NE Iraq. These are: Dokan, Gulneri and Kometan formations. The paleoecology and depositional environment of these formations are determined by studying the ecology of the planktonic and benthic foraminifera. The depositional environment of are ranged from the continental shelf to the abyssal, and the paleotemperature, salinity and paleoclimate were discriminated in each section along the study area.

The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni... more The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb & Zn) in the soil of Baquba city, to actualizing this target, (20) soil samples were collected from different areas inside Baquba city, the averages values of (Cd, Co and Fe) were within the international limits in the soil while the other elements values (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) were over the international limits. This study deals with the factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals in the soil (pH, organic matter (O.M), quality and the ratio of the clay minerals and iron ratio). The average of the ratio of pH for four selected soil samples (more and less four soil samples in the concentrations of heavy metals) (9.1) that's mean that soil of this area is basic and affecting the mobility of the heavy metals and make them precipitate, while the average of the (O.M) for the same samples was (0.76 %), mineralogical analysis for the soil samples was conducted to know the mineralogy of the soil and the quality of the clay minerals in the selected soil samples and types of clay minerals were (Palygorskite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite) and the average of clay minerals was (17.4 %), the ratio of the iron in the same soil samples was (21532 ppm) this value less than its average in the international soils. We can conclude that these factors don't have an affecting on the distribution of the heavy metals and its increasing and decreasing in soil, because of low values for these factors. In general the increasing of the heavy metals in the soil due to the releasing of these metals from the by products of the combustion of the fuel in different automobiles and the type of the mother rocks that formed this soil which are rich with these heavy metals, using of fertilizers and discharge of industrial wastes adding some heavy metals to the soil.

The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni... more The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb & Zn) in the soil of Baquba city, to actualizing this target, (20) soil samples were collected from different areas inside Baquba city, the averages values of (Cd, Co and Fe) were within the international limits in the soil while the other elements values (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) were over the international limits. This study deals with the factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals in the soil (pH, organic matter (O.M), quality and the ratio of the clay minerals and iron ratio). The average of the ratio of pH for four selected soil samples (more and less four soil samples in the concentrations of heavy metals) (9.1) that's mean that soil of this area is basic and affecting the mobility of the heavy metals and make them precipitate, while the average of the (O.M) for the same samples was (0.76 %), mineralogical analysis for the soil samples was conducted to know the mineralogy of the soil and the quality of the clay minerals in the selected soil samples and types of clay minerals were (Palygorskite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite) and the average of clay minerals was (17.4 %), the ratio of the iron in the same soil samples was (21532 ppm) this value less than its average in the international soils. We can conclude that these factors don't have an affecting on the distribution of the heavy metals and its increasing and decreasing in soil, because of low values for these factors. In general the increasing of the heavy metals in the soil due to the releasing of these metals from the by products of the combustion of the fuel in different automobiles and the type of the mother rocks that formed this soil which are rich with these heavy metals, using of fertilizers and discharge of industrial wastes adding some heavy metals to the soil.

Iraqi Journal of Science

A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethy... more A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethys Ocean, represented by the Yamama Formation (Berriasian-Valaganian) in southern Iraq. The formation has a particular reservoir importance. The typical WQ-220 and WQ-280 wells were selected from the West Qurna field. Data of Gamma-ray logs were used for 30 depths of the typical well. Ten core samples were analyzed by X-Ray Fluoresces and total organic matter from both wells. The results showed that shaliness was relatively low, with an average of 16.5%, leading to a decrease in the presence of clay minerals and trace elements because the environment of the Yamama Formation is relatively far away from the coast. Qualitative evaluation of clay minerals was carried out by thorium/potassium ratio, which showed the dominance of illite and smectite. This may be due to an increase in the salinity of the ocean at that time or because potassium bonds are strong enough to resist the diagenesis pro...

Iraqi Journal of Science

A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethy... more A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethys Ocean, represented by the Yamama Formation (Berriasian-Valaganian) in southern Iraq. The formation has a particular reservoir importance. The typical WQ-220 and WQ-280 wells were selected from the West Qurna field. Data of Gamma-ray logs were used for 30 depths of the typical well. Ten core samples were analyzed by X-Ray Fluoresces and total organic matter from both wells. The results showed that shaliness was relatively low, with an average of 16.5%, leading to a decrease in the presence of clay minerals and trace elements because the environment of the Yamama Formation is relatively far away from the coast. Qualitative evaluation of clay minerals was carried out by thorium/potassium ratio, which showed the dominance of illite and smectite. This may be due to an increase in the salinity of the ocean at that time or because potassium bonds are strong enough to resist the diagenesis pro...

Four subsurface sections and electrical, porosity logs, and gamma-ray logs of the Khasib Formatio... more Four subsurface sections and electrical, porosity logs, and gamma-ray logs of the Khasib Formation (age Late Turonian-Lower Coniacian) were studied to identify reservoir characteristics and to evaluate the reservoir properties of the Khasib reservoir units in the East Baghdad oilfield. The lithology of the formation is limestone throughout the whole sequence in all studied wells EB-83, EB-87, EB-92, and EB94. It is bounded conformably from the top by Tanuma Formation and has a conformable lower contact with Kifl Formation. The lower and upper boundaries of the formation were determined using well log analysis, and the formation was divided into three main rock units (Kh1, Kh2, and Kh3), depending on the porosity logs. The porosity was calculated using acoustic or sonic, neutron, and density logs. The effective porosity (average 0.0-0.32 %) is the predominant porosity in the formation and to less extent; the secondary porosity. The volume of shale is very low (average 0.0-0.13 %), indicating limestone is the main rock of the Khasib Formation. The study of the reservoir water (average 0.11-1.0%) and hydrocarbon saturations (average 0.0-0.88 %) showed that the formation contains varying proportions and quantities of water and hydrocarbons suspended in the wall void, and hydrocarbons capable of being produced. The lithological study reflected that the predominant lithic formation is limestone. It was found that Kh 2 unit is the best oil reservoir unit in all selected wells in terms of porosity, water saturation, diagenesis processes, and microfacies analysis.

The carbonate ramp facies of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian Mauddud Formation were studied in t... more The carbonate ramp facies of the Late Albian-Early Cenomanian Mauddud Formation were studied in the Ratawi Oilfield, Basra Governorate, south of Iraq using integrated borehole data set that included, core and cutting samples in three drilled wells to analyze the petrography of the Mauddud Formation, two hundred and eightyone (281) thin sections were prepared and examined for the three selected wells. The results show that the formation is composed of light grey dolomitized limestone and pseudo-oolitic creamy limestone with green to bluish shale. The petrographic observations results show four facies' associations in the Mauddud Formation. These include: Mid-Ramp environment which is represented by Argillaceous mudstone microfacies, Argillaceous wackestone microfacies and orbitolinid wackestone microfacies; the shallow open marine environment which is assimilated by foraminiferal wackestone microfacies and foraminiferal packstone microfacies; a restricted marine environment that represented by bioclastic fossiliferous wackestone microfacies and miliolid wackestone microfacies and Shoal environment is represented by bioclastic packstone microfacies, bioclastic grainstone microfacies, peloidal foraminiferal pack-grainstone microfacies, and peloidal packstonegrainstone microfacies with diverse skeletal grains. The porosity includes Vuggy, Interparticle, Intraparticle and Fracture porosity.

Iraqi Journal of Science

Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic ... more Geochemical proxies provide detailed information on depositional environment and diagenetic processes. The main objectives of the present study are the evaluation of the paleoenvironment and diagenetic conditions of selected three sections of the Shiranish Formation (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian) in Dokan-Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, northeast of Iraq. The major and some trace elements were analysed by X-Ray Fluoresces. These geochemical results showed a positive correlation of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2 between each other due to the influence of detrital influx from the active oceanic margins and thrust belts of the northeast Arabian Plate. The terrigenous supply of silicates (K-feldspar) and clay minerals (Illite) caused a positive correlation between K2O values and Al2O3. In general, there is a low abundance of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, referring to the deepening of the Neo-Tythus ocean basin in the formation's lower part. The Mn* factor of the lower and middle p...

The Qamchuqa Formation was studied in Chwarqauran section, Sulaimanyia, Kurdistan region, Northea... more The Qamchuqa Formation was studied in Chwarqauran section, Sulaimanyia, Kurdistan region, Northeastern Iraq. The lithology of the formation contains limestone throughout the whole section except for one bed of dolomite at the Middle part. Twenty-four slides were prepared from 24 rock samples that were taken from this section to discriminate the petrography and fossil content. The petrographic study shows four main microfacies including lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and floatstone. Additionally, there are four sub microfacies: bioclast wackestone, miliolid wackestone, bioclast packstone and orbitolinid packstone. However, the fossil content shows the abundance of benthic foraminifera against the planktonic. All the microfacies indicate facies zone 7, 8 and 9A which reflect deposition in the platform interior between the tidal flat to the mid ramp and back reef environment

Diyala Journal For Pure Science, 2018

Thirteen outcrop samples of lithified black shale from the North of Iraq, Gulneri Formation, were... more Thirteen outcrop samples of lithified black shale from the North of Iraq, Gulneri Formation, were analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of organic matter and for trace elements distribution to assess the source of organic matter and the redox state at the time of deposition, respectively. Paleoredox-sensitive (trace) elements including ratios of Ni, V, and Co indicate fluctuations between an oxic, dyoxic, and suboxic/anoxic conditions during the deposition of the formation. Specifically V/(V + Ni) suggests generally low oxygen during the deposition of the formation. Detrital iron oxides are present in some samples. Carbon isotopic values are depleted throughout the formation ranging between -26 to -24. The nitrogen isotopic values record negative values indicative of denitrification of amino acids or nitrogen fixation in the ocean. Mineralogical observations reveal the alteration of pyrite to iron oxides in the bottom of the formation. There are two potential indicators of the deposition setting: first, the lack of pyrite except at the bottom suggests a generally oxic setting. However, fluctuations in the V/Al ratio throughout the formation, low U and Mo and the presence of planktonic foraminifera Paleoceanographic Reconstruction of Upper Cretaceous, Black Shale Succession Northeastern Iraq Using Geochemical Proxies to Indicate Paleoredox and Paleoenvironment Conditions Khaldoun Ibrahim Ahmad, Salah Ali Hussain and Mutadhid Al-Obaidi 238 Vol: 14 No: 3, July 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.1403.444C P-ISSN: 2222-8373 E-ISSN: 2518-9255 suggests that the redox conditions fluctuated and were sometimes anoxic at least in the sediment.

Diyala Journal for Pure Science, 2017

Oligosteginid (calcispheres) assemblages which found in Dokan Formation, Erbil Governorate, Kurdi... more Oligosteginid (calcispheres) assemblages which found in Dokan Formation, Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region, have a stratigraphic distribution similar to that found in Bangestan Group (Albian-Campanian) of Lurestan Province, Iran. Ten rock samples were collected from Ismael Awa section, Dokan formation and 20 thin sections were made and studied under microscope. There are five oligosteginid species found in Dokan Formation and all these species are of Late Albian, the depositional environment of the formation is tropical to subtropical, warm water 30-32 • C on the continental slope to abyssal zone and paleosalinity between 34-37 ‰.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Three formations to be studied along Surdash, Qallat, Khalakan, Hezob, Sektan, Degala and Shaqlaw... more Three formations to be studied along Surdash, Qallat, Khalakan, Hezob, Sektan, Degala and Shaqlawa areas in the Sulaimaniya and Erbil governorates, NE Iraq. These are: Dokan, Gulneri and Kometan formations. The paleoecology and depositional environment of these formations are determined by studying the ecology of the planktonic and benthic foraminifera. The depositional environment of are ranged from the continental shelf to the abyssal, and the paleotemperature, salinity and paleoclimate were discriminated in each section along the study area.

The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni... more The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb & Zn) in the soil of Baquba city, to actualizing this target, (20) soil samples were collected from different areas inside Baquba city, the averages values of (Cd, Co and Fe) were within the international limits in the soil while the other elements values (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) were over the international limits. This study deals with the factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals in the soil (pH, organic matter (O.M), quality and the ratio of the clay minerals and iron ratio). The average of the ratio of pH for four selected soil samples (more and less four soil samples in the concentrations of heavy metals) (9.1) that's mean that soil of this area is basic and affecting the mobility of the heavy metals and make them precipitate, while the average of the (O.M) for the same samples was (0.76 %), mineralogical analysis for the soil samples was conducted to know the mineralogy of the soil and the quality of the clay minerals in the selected soil samples and types of clay minerals were (Palygorskite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite) and the average of clay minerals was (17.4 %), the ratio of the iron in the same soil samples was (21532 ppm) this value less than its average in the international soils. We can conclude that these factors don't have an affecting on the distribution of the heavy metals and its increasing and decreasing in soil, because of low values for these factors. In general the increasing of the heavy metals in the soil due to the releasing of these metals from the by products of the combustion of the fuel in different automobiles and the type of the mother rocks that formed this soil which are rich with these heavy metals, using of fertilizers and discharge of industrial wastes adding some heavy metals to the soil.

The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni... more The objective of the present work was determining of some heavy metals levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb & Zn) in the soil of Baquba city, to actualizing this target, (20) soil samples were collected from different areas inside Baquba city, the averages values of (Cd, Co and Fe) were within the international limits in the soil while the other elements values (Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) were over the international limits. This study deals with the factors affecting the distribution of heavy metals in the soil (pH, organic matter (O.M), quality and the ratio of the clay minerals and iron ratio). The average of the ratio of pH for four selected soil samples (more and less four soil samples in the concentrations of heavy metals) (9.1) that's mean that soil of this area is basic and affecting the mobility of the heavy metals and make them precipitate, while the average of the (O.M) for the same samples was (0.76 %), mineralogical analysis for the soil samples was conducted to know the mineralogy of the soil and the quality of the clay minerals in the selected soil samples and types of clay minerals were (Palygorskite, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite) and the average of clay minerals was (17.4 %), the ratio of the iron in the same soil samples was (21532 ppm) this value less than its average in the international soils. We can conclude that these factors don't have an affecting on the distribution of the heavy metals and its increasing and decreasing in soil, because of low values for these factors. In general the increasing of the heavy metals in the soil due to the releasing of these metals from the by products of the combustion of the fuel in different automobiles and the type of the mother rocks that formed this soil which are rich with these heavy metals, using of fertilizers and discharge of industrial wastes adding some heavy metals to the soil.

Iraqi Journal of Science

A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethy... more A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethys Ocean, represented by the Yamama Formation (Berriasian-Valaganian) in southern Iraq. The formation has a particular reservoir importance. The typical WQ-220 and WQ-280 wells were selected from the West Qurna field. Data of Gamma-ray logs were used for 30 depths of the typical well. Ten core samples were analyzed by X-Ray Fluoresces and total organic matter from both wells. The results showed that shaliness was relatively low, with an average of 16.5%, leading to a decrease in the presence of clay minerals and trace elements because the environment of the Yamama Formation is relatively far away from the coast. Qualitative evaluation of clay minerals was carried out by thorium/potassium ratio, which showed the dominance of illite and smectite. This may be due to an increase in the salinity of the ocean at that time or because potassium bonds are strong enough to resist the diagenesis pro...

Iraqi Journal of Science

A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethy... more A geochemical and environmental study was carried out for the sediments of the Southern Neo-Tethys Ocean, represented by the Yamama Formation (Berriasian-Valaganian) in southern Iraq. The formation has a particular reservoir importance. The typical WQ-220 and WQ-280 wells were selected from the West Qurna field. Data of Gamma-ray logs were used for 30 depths of the typical well. Ten core samples were analyzed by X-Ray Fluoresces and total organic matter from both wells. The results showed that shaliness was relatively low, with an average of 16.5%, leading to a decrease in the presence of clay minerals and trace elements because the environment of the Yamama Formation is relatively far away from the coast. Qualitative evaluation of clay minerals was carried out by thorium/potassium ratio, which showed the dominance of illite and smectite. This may be due to an increase in the salinity of the ocean at that time or because potassium bonds are strong enough to resist the diagenesis pro...