Ben Langley | Edge Hill University (original) (raw)

Papers by Ben Langley

Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Jun 1, 2019

The Cochrane library, Aug 22, 2022

Gait & Posture, Jun 1, 2023

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Sports Medicine

Background Professional soccer teams are often required to compete with ≤ 4 days recovery between... more Background Professional soccer teams are often required to compete with ≤ 4 days recovery between matches. Since congested schedules reduce recovery time between matches, players are possibly at an increased injury risk. To date, there are no published systematic reviews on the impact of match congestion on injuries during professional male soccer. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of fixture congestion on injuries during professional soccer. Methods Following pre-registration on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/86m25/) and conforming with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic searches of four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were conducted by independent researchers from inception until February 2022. Articles were included if they were original articles written in English and contained relevant time-loss injury data (injury that results i...

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Gait & Posture, 2021

BACKGROUND The conventional gait model (CGM) is commonly utilised within clinical motion analysis... more BACKGROUND The conventional gait model (CGM) is commonly utilised within clinical motion analysis but has a number of inherent limitations. To overcome some of these limitations modifications have been made to the CGM and six-degrees of freedom models (6DoF) have been developed. RESEARCH QUESTION How comparable are lower limb kinematics calculated using modified CGM and 6DoF models and what is the error associated with the output of each model during walking? METHODS Ten healthy males attended two gait analysis sessions, in which they walked at a self-selected pace, while a 10-camera motion capture system recorded lower limb kinematics. Hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics in all three anatomical planes were calculated using a modified CGM, with medial anatomical markers and a three-dimensional foot added, and 6DoF. Mean absolute differences were calculated on a point-by-point basis over the walking gait cycle and interpreted relative to a 5° threshold to explore the comparability of model outputs. The standard error of the measurement (SEM) was also calculated on a point-by-point basis over the walking gait cycle for each model. RESULTS Mean absolute differences above 5° were reported between the two model outputs in 58-86% of the walking gait cycle at the knee in the frontal plane, and over the entire walking gait cycle at the hip and knee in the transverse plane. SEM was typically larger for the modified CGM compared to the 6DoF, with the highest SEM values reported at the knee in the frontal plane, and the hip and the knee in the transverse plane. SIGNIFICANCE Caution should be taken when looking to compare findings between studies utilising modified CGM and 6DoF outside of the sagittal plane, especially at the hip and knee. The reduced SEM associated with the 6DoF suggests this modelling approach may be preferable.

European Journal of Sport Science

Fatigue alters rearfoot kinematics on an individual basis and may offer a means of functionally g... more Fatigue alters rearfoot kinematics on an individual basis and may offer a means of functionally grouping runners. This proof of concept study aimed to determine whether fatigue related changes in rearfoot eversion could be used to functionally group runners. Sixteen male recreational runners had their frontal plane rearfoot kinematics recorded by a three-dimensional motion capture system before and after a 5km run. The magnitude of change in frontal plane rearfoot kinematics pre- to post-fatigue was calculated and K-means clustering used to identify functional groups based upon these changes. T tests with statistical parametric mapping were used to compare fatigue related changes both within and between clusters. Two clusters or functional groups were evident within the data set. Nine participants were allocated to cluster 1 and displayed small and insignificant changes in frontal plane rearfoot motion post fatigue. In contrast, the remaining seven participants were assigned to cluster 2 and displayed significant increases in rearfoot eversion between 3 and 84% of the stance phase post fatigue. These findings prove the concept that fatigue related changes in rearfoot eversion can be used to functionally group participants. Additionally, the differing fatigue related changes reported by each group may alter the injury risk, training and footwear needs of each group.

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2016

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2015

Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2016

Medial longitudinal arch calculation rationale and supporting data. (DOCX 1365 kb)

Running shoes are designed to reduce injury risk and enhance performance. In line with traditiona... more Running shoes are designed to reduce injury risk and enhance performance. In line with traditional running injury paradigms running shoes aim to reduce the magnitude and/or rate of foot motion and impact loading. While numerous studies have explored the influence of different shoe modifications upon these parameters, limited work has explored how different types of conventional running shoe influence foot and lower limb kinematics. Therefore the overarching aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of different types of running shoe on shod foot and lower limb motion during running. Twenty-eight active males (26 ± 7years, 1.77 ± 0.05m, 79 ± 9kg) participated in the main phase of testing. Participants ran in three types of running shoe (motion control, neutral and cushioned) at a self-selected pace, on a treadmill. Three-dimensional lower limb and inter-segmental foot kinematics were calculated from the position of retro-reflective markers tracked by a VICON motion analysis s...

Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2020

CONTEXT Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of an... more CONTEXT Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of ankle injury in the various types of football. Triaxial accelerometers facilitate in vivo assessment of planar mechanical loading on the player. OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of playing surface on the PlayerLoad elicited during footwork and plyometric drills focused on the mechanism of ankle injury. DESIGN Repeated-measures, field-based design. SETTING Regulation soccer pitches. PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 amateur soccer players (22.1 [2.4] y), injury free with ≥6 years competitive experience. INTERVENTIONS Each player completed a test battery comprising 3 footwork drills (anterior, lateral, and diagonal) and 4 plyometric drills (anterior hop, inversion hop, eversion hop, and diagonal hop) on natural turf (NT), third-generation artificial turf (3G), and AstroTurf. Global positioning system sensors were located at C7 and the mid-tibia of each leg to measure triaxial acceleration (100 H...

The data provided within this file details and compares hip joint kinematics calculated using dif... more The data provided within this file details and compares hip joint kinematics calculated using different technical marker sets, the specific technical marker sets and the code used to describe these within the file is provided within the first worksheet

Citation Ben Langley, Henrike Greuel, Kevin McDermott, Chris Whelton, Richard Page, Phillip Gichu... more Citation Ben Langley, Henrike Greuel, Kevin McDermott, Chris Whelton, Richard Page, Phillip Gichuru, Mary Cramp, Lindsay Smith, Paola Dey, Shea Palmer, Tim Board. Biomechanical changes of the trunk and lower limb during walking in patients after total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018105048 Available from: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018105048

Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Jun 1, 2019

The Cochrane library, Aug 22, 2022

Gait & Posture, Jun 1, 2023

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Sports Medicine

Background Professional soccer teams are often required to compete with ≤ 4 days recovery between... more Background Professional soccer teams are often required to compete with ≤ 4 days recovery between matches. Since congested schedules reduce recovery time between matches, players are possibly at an increased injury risk. To date, there are no published systematic reviews on the impact of match congestion on injuries during professional male soccer. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of fixture congestion on injuries during professional soccer. Methods Following pre-registration on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/86m25/) and conforming with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic searches of four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were conducted by independent researchers from inception until February 2022. Articles were included if they were original articles written in English and contained relevant time-loss injury data (injury that results i...

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Gait & Posture, 2021

BACKGROUND The conventional gait model (CGM) is commonly utilised within clinical motion analysis... more BACKGROUND The conventional gait model (CGM) is commonly utilised within clinical motion analysis but has a number of inherent limitations. To overcome some of these limitations modifications have been made to the CGM and six-degrees of freedom models (6DoF) have been developed. RESEARCH QUESTION How comparable are lower limb kinematics calculated using modified CGM and 6DoF models and what is the error associated with the output of each model during walking? METHODS Ten healthy males attended two gait analysis sessions, in which they walked at a self-selected pace, while a 10-camera motion capture system recorded lower limb kinematics. Hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics in all three anatomical planes were calculated using a modified CGM, with medial anatomical markers and a three-dimensional foot added, and 6DoF. Mean absolute differences were calculated on a point-by-point basis over the walking gait cycle and interpreted relative to a 5° threshold to explore the comparability of model outputs. The standard error of the measurement (SEM) was also calculated on a point-by-point basis over the walking gait cycle for each model. RESULTS Mean absolute differences above 5° were reported between the two model outputs in 58-86% of the walking gait cycle at the knee in the frontal plane, and over the entire walking gait cycle at the hip and knee in the transverse plane. SEM was typically larger for the modified CGM compared to the 6DoF, with the highest SEM values reported at the knee in the frontal plane, and the hip and the knee in the transverse plane. SIGNIFICANCE Caution should be taken when looking to compare findings between studies utilising modified CGM and 6DoF outside of the sagittal plane, especially at the hip and knee. The reduced SEM associated with the 6DoF suggests this modelling approach may be preferable.

European Journal of Sport Science

Fatigue alters rearfoot kinematics on an individual basis and may offer a means of functionally g... more Fatigue alters rearfoot kinematics on an individual basis and may offer a means of functionally grouping runners. This proof of concept study aimed to determine whether fatigue related changes in rearfoot eversion could be used to functionally group runners. Sixteen male recreational runners had their frontal plane rearfoot kinematics recorded by a three-dimensional motion capture system before and after a 5km run. The magnitude of change in frontal plane rearfoot kinematics pre- to post-fatigue was calculated and K-means clustering used to identify functional groups based upon these changes. T tests with statistical parametric mapping were used to compare fatigue related changes both within and between clusters. Two clusters or functional groups were evident within the data set. Nine participants were allocated to cluster 1 and displayed small and insignificant changes in frontal plane rearfoot motion post fatigue. In contrast, the remaining seven participants were assigned to cluster 2 and displayed significant increases in rearfoot eversion between 3 and 84% of the stance phase post fatigue. These findings prove the concept that fatigue related changes in rearfoot eversion can be used to functionally group participants. Additionally, the differing fatigue related changes reported by each group may alter the injury risk, training and footwear needs of each group.

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2016

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2015

Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2016

Medial longitudinal arch calculation rationale and supporting data. (DOCX 1365 kb)

Running shoes are designed to reduce injury risk and enhance performance. In line with traditiona... more Running shoes are designed to reduce injury risk and enhance performance. In line with traditional running injury paradigms running shoes aim to reduce the magnitude and/or rate of foot motion and impact loading. While numerous studies have explored the influence of different shoe modifications upon these parameters, limited work has explored how different types of conventional running shoe influence foot and lower limb kinematics. Therefore the overarching aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of different types of running shoe on shod foot and lower limb motion during running. Twenty-eight active males (26 ± 7years, 1.77 ± 0.05m, 79 ± 9kg) participated in the main phase of testing. Participants ran in three types of running shoe (motion control, neutral and cushioned) at a self-selected pace, on a treadmill. Three-dimensional lower limb and inter-segmental foot kinematics were calculated from the position of retro-reflective markers tracked by a VICON motion analysis s...

Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2020

CONTEXT Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of an... more CONTEXT Contemporary synthetic playing surfaces have been associated with an increased risk of ankle injury in the various types of football. Triaxial accelerometers facilitate in vivo assessment of planar mechanical loading on the player. OBJECTIVE To quantify the influence of playing surface on the PlayerLoad elicited during footwork and plyometric drills focused on the mechanism of ankle injury. DESIGN Repeated-measures, field-based design. SETTING Regulation soccer pitches. PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 amateur soccer players (22.1 [2.4] y), injury free with ≥6 years competitive experience. INTERVENTIONS Each player completed a test battery comprising 3 footwork drills (anterior, lateral, and diagonal) and 4 plyometric drills (anterior hop, inversion hop, eversion hop, and diagonal hop) on natural turf (NT), third-generation artificial turf (3G), and AstroTurf. Global positioning system sensors were located at C7 and the mid-tibia of each leg to measure triaxial acceleration (100 H...

The data provided within this file details and compares hip joint kinematics calculated using dif... more The data provided within this file details and compares hip joint kinematics calculated using different technical marker sets, the specific technical marker sets and the code used to describe these within the file is provided within the first worksheet

Citation Ben Langley, Henrike Greuel, Kevin McDermott, Chris Whelton, Richard Page, Phillip Gichu... more Citation Ben Langley, Henrike Greuel, Kevin McDermott, Chris Whelton, Richard Page, Phillip Gichuru, Mary Cramp, Lindsay Smith, Paola Dey, Shea Palmer, Tim Board. Biomechanical changes of the trunk and lower limb during walking in patients after total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018105048 Available from: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018105048